Rapid start-up of a two-stage partial nitritation-ANAMMOX MBBR with inoculated biofilm from aeration tank
LYU Kai1,, YAO Xuewei1, PENG Dangcong1,2,, 1.School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055, China 2.Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi′an 710055, China
Abstract:To investigate the feasibility of aerobic biofilm from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as the inoculated biofilm to conduct the start-up of ANAMMOX process, two bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) were established to start-up two stage partial nitritation-ANAMMOX (PN/A) process. The results showed that, after 90 days of start-up, the nitrogen load of PN reactor could reach 9 000 mg·(m2·d)?1 (as NH4+-N) at the influent ammonium concentration of 750 mg·L?1. The average ratio of mass concentration of nitrite to ammonium in effluent was 1.28, which could meet the stoichiometric of ANAMMOX process. After 180 days of start-up, the TN load could reach 13875 mg·(m2·d)?1 (as TN) at the influent ammonium concentration of 360 mg·L?1 and nitrite concentration of 380 mg·L?1 in ANAMMOX reactor, and the average TN removal efficiency could reach (84.14±0.66)%. The activities of AOB and ANAMMOX (as NH4+-N) were 6 423.84 mg·(m2·d)?1and 6 448.32 mg·(m2·d)?1, respectively, and were stably maintained. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that Nitrosomonas was the predominance for AOB bacteria with relative abundance increased from 0.02% to 20.09% in PN reactor. The Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia were the predominance for ANAMMOX bacteria in ANAMMOX reactor, and the relative abundance of Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia reached 11.00% and 2.07%, respectively. The successful start-up of two-stage PN/A reactor with aerobic biofilm provided a novel alternative for the selection of inoculated sludge. Key words:seed sludge/ ANAMMOX/ partial nitrification/ MBBR.
KUENEN J G. Anammox bacteria: From discovery to application[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2008, 6(4): 320-326. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1857
[2]
SCHMIDT I, SLIEKERS O, SCHMID M, et al. New concepts of microbial treatment processes for the nitrogen removal in wastewater[J]. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 2003, 27(4): 481-492. doi: 10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00039-1
[3]
BAGCHI S, BISWAS R, NANDY T. Autotrophic ammonia removal processes: Ecology to technology[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2012, 42(13): 1353-1418. doi: 10.1080/10643389.2011.556885
[4]
TERADA A, ZHOU S, HOSOMI M. Presence and detection of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria and appraisal of anammox process for high-strength nitrogenous wastewater treatment: A review[J]. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2011, 13(6): 759-781. doi: 10.1007/s10098-011-0355-3
[5]
LOPEZ H, PUIG S, GANIGUE R, et al. Start-up and enrichment of a granular anammox SBR to treat high nitrogen load wastewaters[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2008, 83(3): 233-241. doi: 10.1002/jctb.1796
[6]
WANG S, PENG Y, MA B, et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in traditional municipal wastewater treatment plants with low-strength ammonium loading: Widespread but overlooked[J]. Water Research, 2015, 84: 66-75. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.005
[7]
NEJIDAT A, DIAZ-RECK D, MASSALHA N, et al. Abundance and diversity of anammox bacteria in a mainstream municipal wastewater treatment plant[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2018, 102(15): 6713-6723. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-9126-y
[8]
YESHI C, HONG K B, LOOSDRECHT M C M V, et al. Mainstream partial nitritation and anammox in a 200, 000 m3/day activated sludge process in Singapore: Scale-down by using laboratory fed-batch reactor[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2016, 74(1): 48-56. doi: 10.2166/wst.2016.116
[9]
LI J, PENG Y, ZHANG L, et al. Quantify the contribution of anammox for enhanced nitrogen removal through metagenomic analysis and mass balance in an anoxic moving bed biofilm reactor[J]. Water Research, 2019, 160: 178-187. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.070
[10]
GRAAF A A V D, BRUIJN P D, ROBERTSON L A, et al. Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor[J]. Microbiology, 1996, 142(8): 2187-2196. doi: 10.1099/13500872-142-8-2187
[11]
国家环境保护局. 水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 4版. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002.
[12]
REGMI P, HOLGATE B, MILLER M W. Nitrogen polishing in a fully anoxic anammox MBBR treating mainstream nitritation-denitritation effluent[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2016, 113(3): 635-642. doi: 10.1002/bit.25826
[13]
AMANN R, KRUMHOLZ L R, STAHL D A. Fluorescent-oligonucleotide probing of whole cells for determinative, phylogenetic, and environmental studies in microbiology[J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 1990, 172(2): 762-770. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.2.762-770.1990
[14]
ANTHONISEN A C, LOEHR R C, PRAKASAM T B S, et al. Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous-acid[J]. Water Pollution Control Federation, 1976, 48(5): 835-852.
[15]
JIN R C, YANG G F, YU J J, et al. The inhibition of the anammox process: A review[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2012, 197: 67-79. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.05.014
[16]
STROUS M, HEIJNEN J J, KUENEN J G, et al. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1998, 50(5): 589-596. doi: 10.1007/s002530051340
[17]
TANG C J, ZHENG P, HU B L, et al. Influence of substrates on nitrogen removal performance and microbiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation by operating two UASB reactors fed with different substrate levels[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 181(1/2/3): 19-26.
[18]
GE S, WANG S, YANG X, et al. Detection of nitrifiers and evaluation of partial nitrification for wastewater treatment: A review[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 140: 85-98. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.004
[19]
CAO S, DU R, PENG Y, et al. Novel two stage partial denitrification (PD)-Anammox process for tertiary nitrogen removal from low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) municipal sewage[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 362: 107-115. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.160
[20]
CLARACREINO, SUáREZ-OJEDA M E, PéREZ J, et al. Stable long-term operation of an upflow anammox sludge bed reactor at mainstream conditions[J]. Water Research, 2018, 128: 331-340. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.058
[21]
LAURENI M, FALAS P, ROBIN O, et al. Mainstream partial nitritation and anammox: Long-term process stability and effluent quality at low temperatures[J]. Water Research, 2016, 101: 628-639. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.005
[22]
YAO Q, PENG D C. Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) dominating in nitrifying community in full-scale biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plants[J]. AMB Express, 2017, 7(1): 1-11. doi: 10.1186/s13568-016-0313-x
LI H, CHI Z, YAN B. Successful start-up of the anammox process in constructed wetland microcosms: Influence of the electron acceptors on performance, microbial community, and functional genes[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, 26: 5202-5209. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3996-5
1.School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055, China 2.Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi′an 710055, China Received Date: 2021-07-12 Accepted Date: 2021-09-22 Available Online: 2021-11-18 Keywords:seed sludge/ ANAMMOX/ partial nitrification/ MBBR Abstract:To investigate the feasibility of aerobic biofilm from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as the inoculated biofilm to conduct the start-up of ANAMMOX process, two bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) were established to start-up two stage partial nitritation-ANAMMOX (PN/A) process. The results showed that, after 90 days of start-up, the nitrogen load of PN reactor could reach 9 000 mg·(m2·d)?1 (as NH4+-N) at the influent ammonium concentration of 750 mg·L?1. The average ratio of mass concentration of nitrite to ammonium in effluent was 1.28, which could meet the stoichiometric of ANAMMOX process. After 180 days of start-up, the TN load could reach 13875 mg·(m2·d)?1 (as TN) at the influent ammonium concentration of 360 mg·L?1 and nitrite concentration of 380 mg·L?1 in ANAMMOX reactor, and the average TN removal efficiency could reach (84.14±0.66)%. The activities of AOB and ANAMMOX (as NH4+-N) were 6 423.84 mg·(m2·d)?1and 6 448.32 mg·(m2·d)?1, respectively, and were stably maintained. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that Nitrosomonas was the predominance for AOB bacteria with relative abundance increased from 0.02% to 20.09% in PN reactor. The Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia were the predominance for ANAMMOX bacteria in ANAMMOX reactor, and the relative abundance of Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia reached 11.00% and 2.07%, respectively. The successful start-up of two-stage PN/A reactor with aerobic biofilm provided a novel alternative for the selection of inoculated sludge.
全文HTML
--> --> --> 厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation, ANAMMOX)是在缺氧条件下,ANAMMOX菌利用NO2?-N(电子受体)将NH4+-N(电子供体)氧化为N2的反应过程[1-3]。相较于传统硝化-反硝化脱氮工艺,ANAMMOX工艺具有曝气量少、不消耗有机物及污泥产量低等特点,并已被成功应用于城市污水处理厂的污泥消化液及与此类似的含有高浓度氨氮的工业废水处理中[4]。然而,ANAMMOX菌生长缓慢且世代周期长[5],这成为限制厌氧氨氧化技术广泛应用的主要原因。因此,寻找合适的接种污泥用于厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动是十分必要的。 ANAMMOX菌广泛存在于城市污水处理厂中,但相对丰度较低[6-7],对总氮(total nitrogen,TN)的去除贡献一般可忽略不计。然而,在生长环境适合的条件下,ANAMMOX菌或能完成富集并发挥脱氮作用。2013年,在新加坡樟宜污水处理厂多级A/O工艺中(活性污泥)发现了ANAMMOX过程。分子生物技术结果显示,该厂活性污泥中ANAMMOX菌的含量达到106~107 mL?1,对TN的去除贡献可达62%[8]。除活性污泥外,2019年LI等[9]发现,缺氧池填料生物膜上存在大量的ANAMMOX菌。经过分子生物学、同位素标记及物料衡算等技术手段分析,发现生物膜上的ANAMMOX菌占比为0.11%,若以该生物膜启动部分反硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺(partial denitrification and ANAMMOX,PD/A),将极大缩短启动时间。而若以该生物膜为接种污泥启动亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺(partial nitritation and ANAMMOX,PN/A),由于其所含硝化菌数量较少,PN/A工艺的启动或存在一定难度。2020年,本课题组发现,某城市污水处理厂好氧池生物膜上同时含有氨氧化菌(ammonium oxidation bacteria,AOB)和ANAMMOX菌,相对丰度分别为0.01%和0.71%,以该生物膜作为接种污泥或可成功快速启动PN/A工艺。 综上所述,本文以好氧池生物膜为接种污泥启动两段式PN/A移动床生物膜反应器(moving bed biofilm reactor,MBBR),通过测定反应器进出水及功能微生物活性,并采用高通量等手段对生物膜上的微生物种群进行了分析,考察了好氧池生物膜作为接种污泥启动两段式亚硝化厌氧氨氧化反应器的特性,探索了适用于厌氧氨氧化技术启动的接种污泥,为厌氧氨氧化工艺的大规模应用提供参考。