3.南京师范大学环境学院,南京 210023
1.Department of Engineering, Nanjing Normal University Zhongbei College, Danyang 212300, China
2.Center for Environmental Biotechnology Research, Nanjing Normal University Zhongbei College, Danyang 212300, China
3.School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
针对粪肥施用时的磷(P)污染风险,采用高温热解技术制备生物炭进行P固定,以降低其淋失风险。通过P分级法研究了生物炭中P形态随热解温度的变化规律,并通过土柱淋溶实验研究了5次模拟降水下鸡粪或生物炭中的P淋失率。结果表明,鸡粪生物炭中P的固定规律是:随热解温度升高,稳定态HCl提取态磷(HCl-P)不断增加,成为生物炭中P稳定化的最主要去向。低温(300 ℃)热解条件下,不稳定的H
-P是主要贡献者。随着降水次数的增加,鸡粪和生物炭处理的土壤中总磷(TP)和无机磷(Pi)的淋失率均不断增加。相比于鸡粪,所有生物炭处理经5次降水后的TP、Pi、有机磷(Po)的总淋失率依次降低了56.62%~67.74%、45.18%~64.15%、82.32%~92.82%。综合能耗考虑,300 ℃是制备鸡粪生物炭的理想温度并可防止P的淋失。本研究结果可为粪肥农用过程中土壤P污染控制提供参考。
For the phosphorus (P) pollution risk of manure application, manure-derived biochar was prepared by pyrolysis technology for stabilizing P and reducing its leaching risk. This paper studied P form variation of the biochar at different pyrolysis temperature by the P grading method, and P leaching from soil column with chicken manure or biochar addition under five simulated rainfalls. The results showed that with the increasing pyrolysis temperature, the HCl-P kept increasing and became the main destination of P stabilization in chicken manure biochar. The soluble H
O-P was the main contributor to the increase of HCl-P at low temperature (300 ℃), while the moderately stable NaOH-P and NaHCO
-P were the main contributors at high temperature (above 600 ℃). With the increasing rainfall times, the leaching loss of TP and Pi in all treatments increased continuously. As compared with chicken manure, the total leaching rates of TP, Pi and Po in biochar treatments decreased by 56.62%~67.74%, 45.18%~64.15% and 82.32%~92.82%, respectively. Considering energy consumption, 300 ℃ is the ideal temperature for preparing chicken manure biochar to prevent phosphorus leaching. This research provides reference for the control of soil P pollution in manure fertilization.
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Schematic diagram of leaching device
P fractions transformation in chicken manure biochar for different pyrolysis temperature
Properties of chicken manure biochar: yield, pH, electric conductivity and P speciation
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