Characterization of organic fractions in wastewater for high-rate activated sludge process
JIANG Haixin1,2,, HE Yi1,2, DAI Xiaohu1,2, CHEN Hongbin1,2,, 1.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 2.National Engineering and Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Abstract:Characterization of organic fractions in wastewater is a foundation of modelling high-rate activated sludge process (HRAS). Because of the inapplicatiliby of the classical activated sludge model No. 1 (ASM1) to HRAS, a dual hydrolysis model was proposed to modify ASM1. Hydrolysable organic matter in wastewater was separated to a rapidly hydrolysable type and a slowly hydrolysable type, with distinct hydrolysis kinetic parameters. Parameter fitting was made for the data of oxygen utilization rates. Through sensitivity and collinearity analysis, 4 types of organic fractions in wastewater were estimated: readily degradable organic matter, rapidly hydrolysable organic matter, slowly hydrolysable organic matter and heterotrophs. And the relationship between organic fractions in wastewater and approaches for carbon capture efficiency increase was discussed. The results showed that above 4 types of organic fractions could be accurately identified with the smaller collinearity index γK than the empirical limit value of 20. The proportions of these organic fractions in raw wastewater were 13.9%, 11.6%, 12.6% and 12.8%, respectively. In terms of organic fractions, 3 approaches for improving carbon capture efficiency should be taken into consideration. Firstly, the readily degradable organic matter and rapidly hydrolysable organic matter should be assimilated by heterotrophs as much as possible. Secondly, over-hydrolysis of slowly hydrolysable organic matter captured in sludge flocs need to be prevented. Lastly, the decay process of heterotrophs should be inhibited to reduce endogenous products. The successful characterization of organic fractions in wastewater with dual hydrolysis model is helpful to the design, operation and optimization of HRAS. Key words:wastewater characterization/ high-rate activated sludge process/ model identification/ oxygen utilization rate (OUR).
图1OUR测试装置示意图 Figure1.Schematic diagram of OUR test device
JIMENEZ J, MILLER M, BOTT C, et al. High-rate activated sludge system for carbon management-Evaluation of crucial process mechanisms and design parameters[J]. Water Research, 2015, 87: 476-482. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.032
[2]
MEERBURG F A, BOON N, VAN WINCKEL T, et al. Live fast, die young: optimizing retention times in high-rate contact stabilization for maximal recovery of organics from wastewater[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50(17): 9781-9790.
[3]
AKANYETI I, TEMMINK H, REMY M, et al. Feasibility of bioflocculation in a high-loaded membrane bioreactor for improved energy recovery from sewage[J]. Water Science & Technology, 2010, 61(6): 1433-9.
ALLOUL A, GANIGUE R, SPILLER M, et al. Capture-ferment-upgrade: A three-step approach for the valorization of sewage organics as commodities[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 52(12): 6729-6742.
[6]
HENZE M, GUJER W, VAN LOOSDRECHT M C M, et al. Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3[M]. IWA Publishing, 2000.
[7]
HAIDER S, SVARDAL K, VANROLLEGHEM P A, et al. The effect of low sludge age on wastewater fractionation (SS, SI)[J]. Water Science & Technology, 2003, 47(11): 203-209.
[8]
NOGAJ T M, RANDALL A A, JIMENEZ J A, et al. Mathematical modeling of the high rate activated sludge system: Optimizing the COD∶N ratio in the process effluent[C]//Water Environment Federation. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2014: 913-926.
[9]
HENZE M. Characterization of wastewater for modelling of activated sludge processes[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1992, 25: 1-15. doi: 10.2166/wst.1992.0110
[10]
DOCHAIN D, VANROLLEGHEM P A, VAN DAELE M. Structural identifiability of biokinetic models of activated sludge respiration[J]. Water Research, 1995, 29(11): 2571-2578. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(95)00106-U
[11]
VANROLLEGHEM P A, DAELE M V, DOCHAIN D. Practical identifiability of a biokinetic model of activated sludge respiration[J]. Water Research, 1995, 29(11): 2561-2570. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(95)00105-T
[12]
MATHIEU S, ETIENNE P. Estimation of wastewater biodegradable COD fractions by combining respirometric experiments in various S0/X0 ratios[J]. Water Research, 2000, 34(4): 1233-1246. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00241-9
[13]
LOOSDRECHT M C M V, NIELSEN P H, LOPEZ-VAZQUEZ C M, et al. Experimental Methods in Wastewater Treatment[M].London, UK: IWA Publishing, 2016.
[14]
SPANJERS H, VANROLLEGHEM P, OLSSON G, et al. Respirometry in control of the activated sludge process[J]. Water Science & Technology, 1998, 34(3/4): 117-126.
[15]
BRUN R, KüHNI M, SIEGRIST H, et al. Practical identifiability of ASM2d parameters-systematic selection and tuning of parameter subsets[J]. Water Research, 2002, 36(16): 4113-4127. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00104-5
[16]
SIN G, MEYER A S, GERNAEY K V. Assessing reliability of cellulose hydrolysis models to support biofuel process design: Identifiability and uncertainty analysis[J]. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2010, 34(9): 1385-1392.
[17]
SIN G, VANROLLEGHEM P A. Extensions to modeling aerobic carbon degradation using combined respirometric: Titrimetric measurements in view of activated sludge model calibration[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(15): 3345-3358. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.03.029
[18]
HOCAOGLU S M, INSEL G, COKGOR E U, et al. COD fractionation and biodegradation kinetics of segregated domestic wastewater: Black and grey water fractions[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2010, 85(9): 1241-1249.
[19]
KAPPELER J, GUJER W. Estimation of kinetic parameters of heterotrophic biomass under aerobic conditions and characterization of wastewater for activated sludge modelling[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1992, 25(6): 125-139. doi: 10.2166/wst.1992.0118
[20]
MEERBURG F A, BOON N, VAN WINCKEL T, et al. Toward energy-neutral wastewater treatment: A high-rate contact stabilization process to maximally recover sewage organics[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 179: 373-381. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.018
[21]
TCHOBANOGLOUS G, STENSEL H D, TSUCHIHASHI R, et al. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Resource Recovery[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2014.
[22]
IKUMI D S, HARDING T H, EKAMA G A. Biodegradability of wastewater and activated sludge organics in anaerobic digestion[J]. Water Research, 2014, 56: 267-279. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.008
[23]
EKAMA G A, SOTEMANN S W, WENTZEL M C. Biodegradability of activated sludge organics under anaerobic conditions[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(1): 244-252. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.08.014
1.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 2.National Engineering and Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Received Date: 2019-08-17 Accepted Date: 2019-12-09 Available Online: 2020-06-10 Keywords:wastewater characterization/ high-rate activated sludge process/ model identification/ oxygen utilization rate (OUR) Abstract:Characterization of organic fractions in wastewater is a foundation of modelling high-rate activated sludge process (HRAS). Because of the inapplicatiliby of the classical activated sludge model No. 1 (ASM1) to HRAS, a dual hydrolysis model was proposed to modify ASM1. Hydrolysable organic matter in wastewater was separated to a rapidly hydrolysable type and a slowly hydrolysable type, with distinct hydrolysis kinetic parameters. Parameter fitting was made for the data of oxygen utilization rates. Through sensitivity and collinearity analysis, 4 types of organic fractions in wastewater were estimated: readily degradable organic matter, rapidly hydrolysable organic matter, slowly hydrolysable organic matter and heterotrophs. And the relationship between organic fractions in wastewater and approaches for carbon capture efficiency increase was discussed. The results showed that above 4 types of organic fractions could be accurately identified with the smaller collinearity index γK than the empirical limit value of 20. The proportions of these organic fractions in raw wastewater were 13.9%, 11.6%, 12.6% and 12.8%, respectively. In terms of organic fractions, 3 approaches for improving carbon capture efficiency should be taken into consideration. Firstly, the readily degradable organic matter and rapidly hydrolysable organic matter should be assimilated by heterotrophs as much as possible. Secondly, over-hydrolysis of slowly hydrolysable organic matter captured in sludge flocs need to be prevented. Lastly, the decay process of heterotrophs should be inhibited to reduce endogenous products. The successful characterization of organic fractions in wastewater with dual hydrolysis model is helpful to the design, operation and optimization of HRAS.