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我国内地教师主观幸福感的变迁(2002~2019)：横断历史研究的视角

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
辛素飞, 梁鑫, 盛靓(), 赵智睿
鲁东大学教育科学学院, 山东 烟台 264025
收稿日期:2020-11-27出版日期:2021-08-25发布日期:2021-06-25
通讯作者:盛靓E-mail:shengliang@ldu.edu.cn

基金资助:*国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CSH070)

Changes of teachers’ subjective well-being in mainland China (2002~2019): The perspective of cross-temporal meta-analysis

XIN Sufei, LIANG Xin, SHENG Liang(), ZHAO Zhirui
School of Educational Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
Received:2020-11-27Online:2021-08-25Published:2021-06-25
Contact:SHENG Liang E-mail:shengliang@ldu.edu.cn






摘要/Abstract


摘要： 教师主观幸福感作为衡量教师群体心理健康状况的一项关键指标, 对其现状的调查和分析至关重要, 同时, 对其随社会变迁的动态变化趋势、及其与社会变迁的关系的监测也不可忽视。本研究对2002至2019年间的51篇采用总体幸福感量表(GWB)测量教师主观幸福感的研究报告(共包括13600名教师)进行横断历史的元分析。研究发现：(1)教师主观幸福感均值与年代呈显著负相关, 这说明我国教师主观幸福感在逐年下降。(2)来自社会经济条件(居民消费水平、房价、老年抚养比和教育经费)、社会联结(家庭规模数、离婚率和城镇化水平)和社会威胁(犯罪率)三方面的8项宏观社会指标的变化能显著预测教师主观幸福感的下降。(3)中小学教师的主观幸福感随年代下降的趋势更明显, 其主观幸福感得分要显著低于高校教师。本研究不仅探究了我国教师主观幸福感近20年的变迁趋势, 而且结合社会宏观发展的指标, 提出了影响我国教师主观幸福感的三维理论框架, 对群体社会心理的研究思路进行了纵向(随时代变迁)及横向(宏观社会指标)的拉伸, 拓展理论基础的同时, 在实践上, 为干预调节我国教师群体主观幸福感提供决策依据。


表1教师主观幸福感所用文献历年分布情况
发表
年代		 总体 学段
篇数 样本量 中小学 高校
2004 1 410 1 0
2005 1 131 1 0
2007 2 340 1 1
2008 1 724 0 1
2010 2 1013 2 0
2011 2 455 2 0
2012 3 525 2 1
2013 8 2242 4 3
2014 3 842 1 3
2015 3 604 2 1
2016 9 2000 5 4
2017 9 2829 8 1
2018 1 232 1 0
2019 4 980 3 1
2020 2 273 1 0
总计 51 13600 34 16

表1教师主观幸福感所用文献历年分布情况
发表
年代		 总体 学段
篇数 样本量 中小学 高校
2004 1 410 1 0
2005 1 131 1 0
2007 2 340 1 1
2008 1 724 0 1
2010 2 1013 2 0
2011 2 455 2 0
2012 3 525 2 1
2013 8 2242 4 3
2014 3 842 1 3
2015 3 604 2 1
2016 9 2000 5 4
2017 9 2829 8 1
2018 1 232 1 0
2019 4 980 3 1
2020 2 273 1 0
总计 51 13600 34 16


表2纳入分析的原始文献的基本信息和变量编码赋值表
第一作者 发表年代 收集年代 样本量 均值 标准差 男性比例 期刊类型 地区 学段
潘贤权 2004 2002 410 77.55 11.43 0.41 3 1 1
苏娟娟 2005 2003 131 85.52 11.10 0.31 2 0 1
王保军 2007 2005 61 76.62 13.66 NA 1 1 1
毛荆利 2007 2005 279 80.79 15.00 0.58 1 2 2
周末 2008 2006 724 80.58 12.29 0.42 2 2 2
孙建 2010 2008 365 76.95 13.11 0.52 2 3 1
梁斌 2010 2008 648 76.71 9.46 0.45 1 3 1
咸桂彩 2011 2009 363 76.26 9.90 0.39 1 4 1
王煜青 2011 2009 92 77.82 9.81 NA 1 3 1
杨扬 2012 2010 366 75.64 NA NA 1 2 2
李进江 2012 2010 67 67.45 10.59 0.75 1 2 1
姚桂招 2012 2010 92 70.63 10.80 0.24 2 2 1
毛湘颖 2013 2011 345 72.17 8.85 0.14 3 2 0
李恒 2013 2011 246 76.30 NA 0.54 2 2 2
刘菂斐 2013 2011 171 78.15 10.97 NA 2 2 2
周伟珍 2013 2011 90 83.05 11.44 0.48 2 1 2
代照甜 2013 2011 511 69.93 15.16 0.32 3 2 1
张文强 2013 2011 328 80.12 17.66 0.41 1 2 1
麦贝吉 2013 2011 252 78.92 12.84 0.52 2 1 1
刘希 2013 2011 299 79.40 8.15 0.66 3 1 1
李超 2014 2012 504 79.90 12.28 0.51 1 2 2
章红英 2014 2012 121 79.26 8.84 NA 2 2 2
章红英 2014 2012 31 77.68 9.33 NA 2 2 2
李建芹 2014 2012 186 81.20 14.08 0.55 2 2 1
谭蔚 2015 2013 137 78.57 13.02 0.32 3 2 1
田仕芹 2015 2013 285 79.74 12.24 0.56 1 2 2
陈曦 2015 2013 182 72.26 13.21 0.30 3 2 1
王安颀 2016 2014 34 79.94 10.07 NA 3 1 1
陈炜 2016 2014 186 70.94 8.91 0.54 2 1 2
韩旭 2016 2014 232 71.36 9.67 0.50 3 1 1
曹卿 2016 2014 96 85.46 14.22 0.42 2 1 2
韩黎 2016 2014 467 71.94 10.33 0.57 1 3 1
公艳艳 2016 2014 60 78.63 NA NA 1 3 2
王霞 2016 2014 312 75.19 15.45 0.52 2 1 2
郭云贵 2016 2014 316 71.82 13.50 0.32 1 2 1
宋志斌 2016 2014 297 65.57 11.40 0.34 3 1 1
么洪福 2017 2015 58 82.29 12.24 NA 2 1 1
谭华英 2017 2015 205 70.35 14.63 0.37 3 3 1
李晶 2017 2015 308 72.88 8.91 0.38 3 3 1
梁彦蕊 2017 2015 303 74.84 13.02 0.34 2 0 2
张旭东 2017 2015 651 74.42 11.69 0.31 2 1 1
任雪 2017 2015 275 73.03 13.24 0.20 3 4 1
宁嘉鹏 2017 2015 312 75.72 12.59 0.25 3 4 1
郭爱鸽 2017 2015 434 75.65 15.69 0.25 2 2 1
唐芳 2017 2015 283 73.40 13.66 0.36 3 2 1
李春林 2018 2016 232 65.03 14.02 0.55 3 3 1
张古月 2019 2017 176 74.80 13.89 0.13 3 2 1
钱泓埔 2019 2017 300 79.85 NA 0.25 1 1 2
苏文静 2019 2017 276 81.70 13.57 0.52 2 0 1
王海涛 2019 2017 228 74.36 14.27 0.34 3 1 1
罗瑞 2020 2018 100 71.07 5.87 0.44 2 3 1
秦春婷 2020 2019 173 72.00 14.62 0.09 2 3 0

表2纳入分析的原始文献的基本信息和变量编码赋值表
第一作者 发表年代 收集年代 样本量 均值 标准差 男性比例 期刊类型 地区 学段
潘贤权 2004 2002 410 77.55 11.43 0.41 3 1 1
苏娟娟 2005 2003 131 85.52 11.10 0.31 2 0 1
王保军 2007 2005 61 76.62 13.66 NA 1 1 1
毛荆利 2007 2005 279 80.79 15.00 0.58 1 2 2
周末 2008 2006 724 80.58 12.29 0.42 2 2 2
孙建 2010 2008 365 76.95 13.11 0.52 2 3 1
梁斌 2010 2008 648 76.71 9.46 0.45 1 3 1
咸桂彩 2011 2009 363 76.26 9.90 0.39 1 4 1
王煜青 2011 2009 92 77.82 9.81 NA 1 3 1
杨扬 2012 2010 366 75.64 NA NA 1 2 2
李进江 2012 2010 67 67.45 10.59 0.75 1 2 1
姚桂招 2012 2010 92 70.63 10.80 0.24 2 2 1
毛湘颖 2013 2011 345 72.17 8.85 0.14 3 2 0
李恒 2013 2011 246 76.30 NA 0.54 2 2 2
刘菂斐 2013 2011 171 78.15 10.97 NA 2 2 2
周伟珍 2013 2011 90 83.05 11.44 0.48 2 1 2
代照甜 2013 2011 511 69.93 15.16 0.32 3 2 1
张文强 2013 2011 328 80.12 17.66 0.41 1 2 1
麦贝吉 2013 2011 252 78.92 12.84 0.52 2 1 1
刘希 2013 2011 299 79.40 8.15 0.66 3 1 1
李超 2014 2012 504 79.90 12.28 0.51 1 2 2
章红英 2014 2012 121 79.26 8.84 NA 2 2 2
章红英 2014 2012 31 77.68 9.33 NA 2 2 2
李建芹 2014 2012 186 81.20 14.08 0.55 2 2 1
谭蔚 2015 2013 137 78.57 13.02 0.32 3 2 1
田仕芹 2015 2013 285 79.74 12.24 0.56 1 2 2
陈曦 2015 2013 182 72.26 13.21 0.30 3 2 1
王安颀 2016 2014 34 79.94 10.07 NA 3 1 1
陈炜 2016 2014 186 70.94 8.91 0.54 2 1 2
韩旭 2016 2014 232 71.36 9.67 0.50 3 1 1
曹卿 2016 2014 96 85.46 14.22 0.42 2 1 2
韩黎 2016 2014 467 71.94 10.33 0.57 1 3 1
公艳艳 2016 2014 60 78.63 NA NA 1 3 2
王霞 2016 2014 312 75.19 15.45 0.52 2 1 2
郭云贵 2016 2014 316 71.82 13.50 0.32 1 2 1
宋志斌 2016 2014 297 65.57 11.40 0.34 3 1 1
么洪福 2017 2015 58 82.29 12.24 NA 2 1 1
谭华英 2017 2015 205 70.35 14.63 0.37 3 3 1
李晶 2017 2015 308 72.88 8.91 0.38 3 3 1
梁彦蕊 2017 2015 303 74.84 13.02 0.34 2 0 2
张旭东 2017 2015 651 74.42 11.69 0.31 2 1 1
任雪 2017 2015 275 73.03 13.24 0.20 3 4 1
宁嘉鹏 2017 2015 312 75.72 12.59 0.25 3 4 1
郭爱鸽 2017 2015 434 75.65 15.69 0.25 2 2 1
唐芳 2017 2015 283 73.40 13.66 0.36 3 2 1
李春林 2018 2016 232 65.03 14.02 0.55 3 3 1
张古月 2019 2017 176 74.80 13.89 0.13 3 2 1
钱泓埔 2019 2017 300 79.85 NA 0.25 1 1 2
苏文静 2019 2017 276 81.70 13.57 0.52 2 0 1
王海涛 2019 2017 228 74.36 14.27 0.34 3 1 1
罗瑞 2020 2018 100 71.07 5.87 0.44 2 3 1
秦春婷 2020 2019 173 72.00 14.62 0.09 2 3 0



图1我国教师主观幸福感的变化(2002~2019)
图1我国教师主观幸福感的变化(2002~2019)


表3当年、1年前、3年前和5年前社会指标与教师主观幸福感的相关
社会指标 当年 1年前 3年前 5年前
β R2 β R2 β R2 β R2
社会经济条件
房价 -0.37** 0.14 -0.39** 0.15 -0.40** 0.16 -0.39** 0.15
老年抚养比 -0.34* 0.12 -0.35* 0.12 -0.35* 0.12 -0.35** 0.13
居民消费水平 -0.37** 0.14 -0.37** 0.14 -0.39** 0.15 -0.33* 0.11
教育经费 -0.38** 0.14 -0.37** 0.14 -0.41** 0.17 -0.37* 0.14
社会联结
离婚率 -0.38** 0.15 -0.40** 0.16 -0.39** 0.16 -0.38** 0.14
家庭规模数 0.25 0.06 0.36** 0.13 0.42** 0.18 0.41** 0.17
城镇化水平 -0.38** 0.15 -0.38** 0.15 -0.41** 0.17 -0.37** 0.14
社会威胁
犯罪率 -0.38** 0.15 -0.42** 0.18 -0.34* 0.12 -0.34* 0.12

表3当年、1年前、3年前和5年前社会指标与教师主观幸福感的相关
社会指标 当年 1年前 3年前 5年前
β R2 β R2 β R2 β R2
社会经济条件
房价 -0.37** 0.14 -0.39** 0.15 -0.40** 0.16 -0.39** 0.15
老年抚养比 -0.34* 0.12 -0.35* 0.12 -0.35* 0.12 -0.35** 0.13
居民消费水平 -0.37** 0.14 -0.37** 0.14 -0.39** 0.15 -0.33* 0.11
教育经费 -0.38** 0.14 -0.37** 0.14 -0.41** 0.17 -0.37* 0.14
社会联结
离婚率 -0.38** 0.15 -0.40** 0.16 -0.39** 0.16 -0.38** 0.14
家庭规模数 0.25 0.06 0.36** 0.13 0.42** 0.18 0.41** 0.17
城镇化水平 -0.38** 0.15 -0.38** 0.15 -0.41** 0.17 -0.37** 0.14
社会威胁
犯罪率 -0.38** 0.15 -0.42** 0.18 -0.34* 0.12 -0.34* 0.12



图2教师主观幸福感影响机制的三维理论模型
图2教师主观幸福感影响机制的三维理论模型







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