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预期错误与急性应激对不同强度恐惧记忆提取消退的影响

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
李俊娇1, 陈伟2,3,4, 胡琰健5, 曹杨婧文6, 郑希付2,3,4()
1广东第二师范学院教师教育学院, 广州 510303
2华南师范大学心理学院
3华南师范大学心理应用研究中心, 广州 510631
4广东省心理健康与认知科学重点实验室, 广州 510631
5东莞市东莞中学, 东莞 523120
6西安外国语大学学生心理健康教育中心, 西安 710128
收稿日期:2020-02-27发布日期:2021-04-25
通讯作者:郑希付E-mail:zhengxifu@m.scnu.edu.cn

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(32000752);国家自然科学基金项目(31771218);国家自然科学基金项目(31970996);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(20YJC190009);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD19YXL01);幸福广州心理服务与辅导基地, 广东省普通高校哲学社会科学重点实验室(2020WSYS002)

Effects of prediction error and acute stress on retrieval-extinction of fear memories of different strengths

LI Junjiao1, CHEN Wei2,3,4, HU Yanjian5, CAOYANG Jingwen6, ZHENG Xifu2,3,4()
1College of Teacher Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, China
2School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
3Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
4Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Guangzhou 510631, China
5Dongguan Middle School, Dongguan 523120, China
6Student Mental Health Education Center, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an 710128, China
Received:2020-02-27Published:2021-04-25
Contact:ZHENG Xifu E-mail:zhengxifu@m.scnu.edu.cn






摘要/Abstract


摘要： 在条件性恐惧记忆再巩固模型下, 预期错误被证明是引发记忆不稳定的必要条件, 但其在不同强度恐惧记忆下的作用尚不明确。对于高强度可能导致的提取无效, 缺乏相应的探索以寻找解决办法, 而应激(stress)在其中发挥的作用值得探索。本研究考察人类被试中, 预期错误在不同强度恐惧记忆下的作用, 以及提取之后施加外源性应激对于消退进程的影响。结果发现, 对于较弱的恐惧记忆, 单个预期错误提取后消退可显著抑制恐惧自发恢复; 而对于较强恐惧记忆, 单个预期错误不能提取恐惧记忆进入再巩固, 已消退的记忆还会复发; 且在该种情况下, 如果在提取后施加外源性急性应激, 会进一步增大恐惧恢复。


表1实验分组和样本量
变量 组别 p
G1 G2 G3
提取阶段 单个PE 单个PE+SECPT 单个PE
N (SCR) 16 19 15
N (FPS) 15 21 23
年龄(岁) 20.88 ± 1.54 20.04 ± 1.80 21.44 ± 2.58 0.069
STAI-T 37.35 ± 10.88 41.83 ± 7.10 39.78 ± 7.92 0.266
BDI 6.94 ± 4.53 8.44 ± 5.96 7.26 ± 5.83 0.655

表1实验分组和样本量
变量 组别 p
G1 G2 G3
提取阶段 单个PE 单个PE+SECPT 单个PE
N (SCR) 16 19 15
N (FPS) 15 21 23
年龄(岁) 20.88 ± 1.54 20.04 ± 1.80 21.44 ± 2.58 0.069
STAI-T 37.35 ± 10.88 41.83 ± 7.10 39.78 ± 7.92 0.266
BDI 6.94 ± 4.53 8.44 ± 5.96 7.26 ± 5.83 0.655



图2第一天、第二天各生理指标与问卷测量的时间点 注：BDI：贝克抑郁量表; STAI-T：特质焦虑问卷; PANAS：正性负性情绪量表; BP：血压; HR：心率; SF：主观感受; 各名称之后的数字代表测试的时间序号。
图2第一天、第二天各生理指标与问卷测量的时间点 注：BDI：贝克抑郁量表; STAI-T：特质焦虑问卷; PANAS：正性负性情绪量表; BP：血压; HR：心率; SF：主观感受; 各名称之后的数字代表测试的时间序号。



图1实验程序示意图。A：总的实验流程图; B：习得阶段恐惧强度操作及提取阶段示意图。 注：对恐惧强度的操纵为：在第一天使用CS呈现后半段不可预期时间点出现的两次电击(US), 形成CS-不可预知的US联合, 预期产生较高强度恐惧记忆(G1、G2); 使用在CS呈现时间的最后固定时间点(分别出现在第4800 ms和第5800 ms) 出现的两个US, 形成CS-可预知的US联合, 预期产生较低强度的恐惧记忆(G3)。对预期错误(PE)的操作为：在第二天对于所有组使用最后一个US (第5800 ms)进行提取, 在所有组造成电击次数上的预期错误, 即原本被试在习得阶段都是进行两次电击, 形成了对于每个CS都跟随两次US的预期。但在提取阶段CS呈现时, 只跟随1次US, 因此会形成单个预期错误(single PE)。
图1实验程序示意图。A：总的实验流程图; B：习得阶段恐惧强度操作及提取阶段示意图。 注：对恐惧强度的操纵为：在第一天使用CS呈现后半段不可预期时间点出现的两次电击(US), 形成CS-不可预知的US联合, 预期产生较高强度恐惧记忆(G1、G2); 使用在CS呈现时间的最后固定时间点(分别出现在第4800 ms和第5800 ms) 出现的两个US, 形成CS-可预知的US联合, 预期产生较低强度的恐惧记忆(G3)。对预期错误(PE)的操作为：在第二天对于所有组使用最后一个US (第5800 ms)进行提取, 在所有组造成电击次数上的预期错误, 即原本被试在习得阶段都是进行两次电击, 形成了对于每个CS都跟随两次US的预期。但在提取阶段CS呈现时, 只跟随1次US, 因此会形成单个预期错误(single PE)。


表2各组在社会评价冰水应激/温水任务中心率变异性频率域参数值对比
实验分组 G1
不可预期US_无应激
n= 15 		G2
不可预期US_应激
n= 20 		G3
可预期US_无应激
n= 22 		F p
LF
前(pre) 71.70 ± 40.66 128.85 ± 108.95 120.87 ± 126.45 1.46 0.24
中(mid) 106.56 ± 145.84 227.76 ± 313.37 84.53 ± 82.59 2.29 0.11
后(post) 125.57 ± 109.65 130.52 ± 168.65 149.50 ± 181.47 0.12 0.89
HF
前(pre) 44.83 ± 38.65 96.02 ± 86.74 68.66 ± 65.67 2.43 0.10
中(mid) 73.57 ± 78.74 102.51 ± 100.09 74.11 ± 55.91 0.51 0.61
后(post) 55.46 ± 28.64 63.04 ± 40.96 88.76 ± 64.18 0.12 0.89

表2各组在社会评价冰水应激/温水任务中心率变异性频率域参数值对比
实验分组 G1
不可预期US_无应激
n= 15 		G2
不可预期US_应激
n= 20 		G3
可预期US_无应激
n= 22 		F p
LF
前(pre) 71.70 ± 40.66 128.85 ± 108.95 120.87 ± 126.45 1.46 0.24
中(mid) 106.56 ± 145.84 227.76 ± 313.37 84.53 ± 82.59 2.29 0.11
后(post) 125.57 ± 109.65 130.52 ± 168.65 149.50 ± 181.47 0.12 0.89
HF
前(pre) 44.83 ± 38.65 96.02 ± 86.74 68.66 ± 65.67 2.43 0.10
中(mid) 73.57 ± 78.74 102.51 ± 100.09 74.11 ± 55.91 0.51 0.61
后(post) 55.46 ± 28.64 63.04 ± 40.96 88.76 ± 64.18 0.12 0.89



图3SECPT任务过程中各组在心率变异性低频成分上的分值比较
图3SECPT任务过程中各组在心率变异性低频成分上的分值比较



图4三组被试在恐惧记忆习得、提取、消退和测试阶段的皮肤电反应 注：横坐标代表试次：1~6为第一天习得阶段, 8为第二天提取试次, 10~19为第二天消退阶段, 21~28为第三天自发恢复测试与消退阶段, 30~37为第三天重建测试与消退阶段。误差线表示标准误, 黄色闪电符号代表电击。图6同。
图4三组被试在恐惧记忆习得、提取、消退和测试阶段的皮肤电反应 注：横坐标代表试次：1~6为第一天习得阶段, 8为第二天提取试次, 10~19为第二天消退阶段, 21~28为第三天自发恢复测试与消退阶段, 30~37为第三天重建测试与消退阶段。误差线表示标准误, 黄色闪电符号代表电击。图6同。



图5各组在恐惧自发恢复量和重建量上的对比。A以皮肤电(SCR)为测量指标的恐惧恢复对比; B以惊跳反应(FPS)为测量指标的恐惧恢复对比。 注：恐惧自发恢复量 = 再消退的第一个CS+试次的恐惧反应 - 消退训练最后一个CS+的恐惧反应; 恐惧重建量 = 最终消退的第一个CS+试次的恐惧反应 - 再消退最后一个CS+的恐惧反应。*p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01。
图5各组在恐惧自发恢复量和重建量上的对比。A以皮肤电(SCR)为测量指标的恐惧恢复对比; B以惊跳反应(FPS)为测量指标的恐惧恢复对比。 注：恐惧自发恢复量 = 再消退的第一个CS+试次的恐惧反应 - 消退训练最后一个CS+的恐惧反应; 恐惧重建量 = 最终消退的第一个CS+试次的恐惧反应 - 再消退最后一个CS+的恐惧反应。*p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01。



图6三组被试在恐惧记忆习得、提取、消退和测试阶段的惊跳反应
图6三组被试在恐惧记忆习得、提取、消退和测试阶段的惊跳反应







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