), 伍可1,2, 史宇鹏1,2(), 艾小青3 1湖南师范大学教育科学学院
2认知与人类行为湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410081
3北京工业大学经济与管理学院, 北京 100124
收稿日期:2020-11-02发布日期:2021-04-25通讯作者:陈杰,史宇鹏E-mail:xlxchen@163.com;shiyupeng9301@foxmail.com基金资助:国家自然科学基金(NSFC31771240);湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目(15YBA263);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(18A036)The relationship between dispositional self-construal and empathy for ingroup and outgroup members' pain: evidence from ERPs
CHEN Jie1,2(), WU Ke1,2, SHI Yupeng1,2(), AI Xiaoqing3 1School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
2Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410081, China
3School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Received:2020-11-02Published:2021-04-25Contact:CHEN Jie,SHI Yupeng E-mail:xlxchen@163.com;shiyupeng9301@foxmail.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 以往研究发现暂时的自我构念启动会调节对他人的疼痛共情。本研究旨在探究稳定的特质性自我构念与内、外群体疼痛共情的关系。实验采用启动范式对内、外群体进行区分, 被试的任务是认真观看并判断图片的人物是否感到了疼痛, 同时记录他们的EEG数据。结果显示：在N2成分上出现了明显的内群体效应, 即观看内群体疼痛图片比内群体非疼痛图片会诱发更大的N2波幅, 而观看外群体疼痛和外群体非疼痛图片诱发的N2波幅没有显著差异, 这表明内、外群体因素会影响疼痛共情中的早期情绪分享过程。在P3成分上, 在内、外群体启动条件下, 疼痛图片比非疼痛图片都要诱发更大的P3波幅。更重要的是, 自我构念分数(互依型减独立型分数)与内、外群体疼痛共情(疼痛减非疼痛条件)诱发的P3波幅都呈正相关关系, 但两者的相关系数没有显著差异, 这表明特质性自我构念与疼痛共情中的晚期认知评价过程密切相关, 而且这种相关程度在内、外群体条件间是相似的。
图/表 6
图1实验流程图
图1实验流程图表1被试在不同条件下疼痛判断的反应时和正确率(M ± SE)
| 刺激类型 | 正确率(%) | 反应时(ms) |
|---|---|---|
| 疼痛 | ||
| 内群体 | 88.33 ± 3.55 | 555.82 ± 13.96 |
| 外群体 | 88.89 ± 3.26 | 565.02 ± 9.74 |
| 非疼痛 | ||
| 内群体 | 93.15 ± 1.87 | 578.20 ± 8.20 |
| 外群体 | 93.15 ± 1.86 | 575.00 ± 8.12 |
表1被试在不同条件下疼痛判断的反应时和正确率(M ± SE)
| 刺激类型 | 正确率(%) | 反应时(ms) |
|---|---|---|
| 疼痛 | ||
| 内群体 | 88.33 ± 3.55 | 555.82 ± 13.96 |
| 外群体 | 88.89 ± 3.26 | 565.02 ± 9.74 |
| 非疼痛 | ||
| 内群体 | 93.15 ± 1.87 | 578.20 ± 8.20 |
| 外群体 | 93.15 ± 1.86 | 575.00 ± 8.12 |
表2被试在不同条件下的疼痛强度和难受度评定(M ± SE)
| 刺激类型 | 疼痛强度评定 | 难受度评定 |
|---|---|---|
| 疼痛 | ||
| 内群体 | 3.18 ± 1.13 | 3.23 ± 1.23 |
| 外群体 | 3.15 ± 1.14 | 3.23 ± 1.32 |
| 非疼痛 | ||
| 内群体 | 1.65 ± 0.62 | 1.55 ± 0.58 |
| 外群体 | 1.59 ± 0.55 | 1.51 ± 0.54 |
表2被试在不同条件下的疼痛强度和难受度评定(M ± SE)
| 刺激类型 | 疼痛强度评定 | 难受度评定 |
|---|---|---|
| 疼痛 | ||
| 内群体 | 3.18 ± 1.13 | 3.23 ± 1.23 |
| 外群体 | 3.15 ± 1.14 | 3.23 ± 1.32 |
| 非疼痛 | ||
| 内群体 | 1.65 ± 0.62 | 1.55 ± 0.58 |
| 外群体 | 1.59 ± 0.55 | 1.51 ± 0.54 |
图2(a-b)自我构念分数与内、外群体疼痛强度的相关散点图; (c-d)自我构念分数与内、外群体难受度的相关散点图。
图2(a-b)自我构念分数与内、外群体疼痛强度的相关散点图; (c-d)自我构念分数与内、外群体难受度的相关散点图。
图3疼痛刺激和非疼痛刺激诱发的脑电波及疼痛刺激和非疼痛刺激的差异地形图
图3疼痛刺激和非疼痛刺激诱发的脑电波及疼痛刺激和非疼痛刺激的差异地形图
图4(a-b)自我构念分数与内、外群体疼痛共情的N2差异波的相关散点图; (c-d)自我构念分数与内、外群体疼痛共情的P3差异波的相关散点图。
图4(a-b)自我构念分数与内、外群体疼痛共情的N2差异波的相关散点图; (c-d)自我构念分数与内、外群体疼痛共情的P3差异波的相关散点图。参考文献 42
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