) 1教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院
2天津师范大学心理学部
3学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室, 天津 300387
收稿日期:2019-12-02出版日期:2021-05-25发布日期:2021-03-29通讯作者:吴捷E-mail:babaluosha@163.com基金资助:*天津师范大学校博士基金项目(043/135202WW1711)The influence of members’ relationship on collaborative remembering
ZHANG Huan1,2,3, WANG Xin2, LIU Yibei2, CAO Xiancai1,2,3, WU Jie1,2,3() 1Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
2Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
3Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin 300387, China
Received:2019-12-02Online:2021-05-25Published:2021-03-29Contact:WU Jie E-mail:babaluosha@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 当人们与搭档组成社会群体一起协作讨论某些已经发生的事件或经验时, 该社会群体中的成员关系对协作提取成绩的影响仍不明确。本研究通过两项实验, 分别使用语词词单和情景故事作为实验材料, 考察成员关系(包括关系类型和关系时长)对协作提取成绩的影响。研究结果表明, 当记忆的材料为语词词单时, 青年陌生组出现了协作抑制; 而当记忆的材料为情景故事时, 青年夫妻和老年夫妻组均出现了协作促进。此外, 老年夫妻在协作提取情景故事的过程中使用的有效交流策略更多, 且这些有效交流策略的使用与更高的协作提取成绩有关。该结果支持了具有长时亲密关系的老年夫妻之间的“交互记忆系统”对协作促进的关键作用, 为理解成员关系对协作提取成绩的影响提供了全面的证据。
图/表 7
图1实验1流程图 注：以一种学习顺序举例, 另外一种学习顺序为先学习词单2再学习词单1
图1实验1流程图 注：以一种学习顺序举例, 另外一种学习顺序为先学习词单2再学习词单1表1实验1中不同实验条件下小组的提取正确率 (M ± SD)
| 成员关系 | 提取正确率 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 协作组 | 名义组 | |||||||||
| 青年 | ||||||||||
| 夫妻 | 0.23 ± 0.13 | 0.18 ± 0.08 | ||||||||
| 陌生 | 0.24 ± 0.08 | 0.31 ± 0.08 | ||||||||
| 老年 | ||||||||||
| 夫妻 | 0.15 ± 0.10 | 0.14 ± 0.06 | ||||||||
| 陌生 | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | ||||||||
表1实验1中不同实验条件下小组的提取正确率 (M ± SD)
| 成员关系 | 提取正确率 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 协作组 | 名义组 | |||||||||
| 青年 | ||||||||||
| 夫妻 | 0.23 ± 0.13 | 0.18 ± 0.08 | ||||||||
| 陌生 | 0.24 ± 0.08 | 0.31 ± 0.08 | ||||||||
| 老年 | ||||||||||
| 夫妻 | 0.15 ± 0.10 | 0.14 ± 0.06 | ||||||||
| 陌生 | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | ||||||||
图2实验1中不同实验条件下协作组和名义组的提取正确率 注：纵坐标为提取正确率的平均值, 误差线为标准误。* p< 0.05;** p< 0.01;*** p< 0.001。以下同。
图2实验1中不同实验条件下协作组和名义组的提取正确率 注：纵坐标为提取正确率的平均值, 误差线为标准误。* p< 0.05;** p< 0.01;*** p< 0.001。以下同。 表2命题提取细节的评分示例
| 得分 (累分制) | 标准 | 示例(原文：羡慕地看着 排在我们前面的人) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 命题中主项正确 | 羡慕地看着排在我们前面的人 |
| 1 | 命题中关系项正确 | 羡慕地看着排在我们前面的人 |
| 1 | 命题中修饰项部分正确 | 羡慕地看着排在我们前面的人 |
| 1 | 命题中修饰项全部正确 | 羡慕地看着排在我们前面的人 |
表2命题提取细节的评分示例
| 得分 (累分制) | 标准 | 示例(原文：羡慕地看着 排在我们前面的人) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 命题中主项正确 | 羡慕地看着排在我们前面的人 |
| 1 | 命题中关系项正确 | 羡慕地看着排在我们前面的人 |
| 1 | 命题中修饰项部分正确 | 羡慕地看着排在我们前面的人 |
| 1 | 命题中修饰项全部正确 | 羡慕地看着排在我们前面的人 |
表3实验2中不同实验条件下, 小组的命题提取正确率与命题提取细节(M ± SD)
| 成员关系 | 命题提取正确率 | 命题提取细节 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 协作组 | 名义组 | 协作组 | 名义组 | |
| 青年 | ||||
| 夫妻 | 0.46 ± 0.15 | 0.40 ± 0.14 | 2.37 ± 0.68 | 2.21 ± 0.66 |
| 陌生 | 0.45 ± 0.12 | 0.45 ± 0.13 | 2.21 ± 0.61 | 2.19 ± 0.51 |
| 老年 | ||||
| 夫妻 | 0.58 ± 0.16 | 0.41 ± 0.14 | 2.33 ± 0.82 | 2.03 ± 0.69 |
| 陌生 | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.34 ± 0.11 | 2.18 ± 0.53 | 2.02 ± 0.41 |
表3实验2中不同实验条件下, 小组的命题提取正确率与命题提取细节(M ± SD)
| 成员关系 | 命题提取正确率 | 命题提取细节 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 协作组 | 名义组 | 协作组 | 名义组 | |
| 青年 | ||||
| 夫妻 | 0.46 ± 0.15 | 0.40 ± 0.14 | 2.37 ± 0.68 | 2.21 ± 0.66 |
| 陌生 | 0.45 ± 0.12 | 0.45 ± 0.13 | 2.21 ± 0.61 | 2.19 ± 0.51 |
| 老年 | ||||
| 夫妻 | 0.58 ± 0.16 | 0.41 ± 0.14 | 2.33 ± 0.82 | 2.03 ± 0.69 |
| 陌生 | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.34 ± 0.11 | 2.18 ± 0.53 | 2.02 ± 0.41 |
图3实验2不同实验条件下协作组和名义组的命题提取正确率
图3实验2不同实验条件下协作组和名义组的命题提取正确率表4实验2中不同实验条件下协作组的交流策略及出现频次(M ± SD)
| 交流策略 | 示例 | 青年 | 老年 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 夫妻组 | 陌生组 | 夫妻组 | 陌生组 | |||
| 群体增强策略 | 成功线索 | 女：那个英国留学生叫什么? 男：汉克。 | 2.82 ± 1.27 | 2.78 ± 1.01 | 4.02 ± 1.39 | 1.85 ± 0.61 |
| 失败线索 | 女：那个英国留学生叫什么? 男：不知道。 | 0.67 ± 0.90 | 0.87 ± 1.13 | 0.40 ± 0.63 | 1.73 ± 0.88 | |
| 重复 | 女：叫汉克。 男：对, 叫汉克。 | 4.00 ± 1.25 | 3.67 ± 1.05 | 5.08 ± 1.19 | 2.87 ± 0.74 | |
| 元认知策略 | 积极评价 | 女：你记得真多。 男：你记得好清楚。 | 2.17 ± 1.10 | 1.68 ± 0.99 | 3.02 ± 1.06 | 1.05 ± 0.68 |
| 结束提取倾向 | 女：到时间了, 不说了。 男：后面记不住了。 | 0.60 ± 0.74 | 0.93 ± 0.88 | 0.67 ± 0.72 | 1.80 ± 0.86 | |
表4实验2中不同实验条件下协作组的交流策略及出现频次(M ± SD)
| 交流策略 | 示例 | 青年 | 老年 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 夫妻组 | 陌生组 | 夫妻组 | 陌生组 | |||
| 群体增强策略 | 成功线索 | 女：那个英国留学生叫什么? 男：汉克。 | 2.82 ± 1.27 | 2.78 ± 1.01 | 4.02 ± 1.39 | 1.85 ± 0.61 |
| 失败线索 | 女：那个英国留学生叫什么? 男：不知道。 | 0.67 ± 0.90 | 0.87 ± 1.13 | 0.40 ± 0.63 | 1.73 ± 0.88 | |
| 重复 | 女：叫汉克。 男：对, 叫汉克。 | 4.00 ± 1.25 | 3.67 ± 1.05 | 5.08 ± 1.19 | 2.87 ± 0.74 | |
| 元认知策略 | 积极评价 | 女：你记得真多。 男：你记得好清楚。 | 2.17 ± 1.10 | 1.68 ± 0.99 | 3.02 ± 1.06 | 1.05 ± 0.68 |
| 结束提取倾向 | 女：到时间了, 不说了。 男：后面记不住了。 | 0.60 ± 0.74 | 0.93 ± 0.88 | 0.67 ± 0.72 | 1.80 ± 0.86 | |
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