1中国政法大学刑事司法学院, 北京 100088
2中国政法大学社会学院, 北京 100088
收稿日期:
2020-06-09出版日期:
2021-03-25发布日期:
2021-01-27通讯作者:
杨波E-mail:zsdybo@sina.com基金资助:
* 国家重点研发计划项目资助(2018YFC0831002)Eliminating threat or venting rage?The relationship between narcissism and aggression in violent offenders
LIU Yuping1, LI Shanshan2, HE Yun2, WANG Doudou2, YANG Bo2()1School of Criminal Justice, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
2School of Sociology, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
Received:
2020-06-09Online:
2021-03-25Published:
2021-01-27Contact:
YANG Bo E-mail:zsdybo@sina.com摘要/Abstract
摘要: 通过2个研究探索了自恋与暴力犯攻击行为的关系及机制。研究1通过问卷法(N = 498)发现, 自恋与攻击存在正相关, 特质愤怒在自恋与预谋性和冲动性攻击间的中介作用成立, 心理特权的中介作用只对预谋性攻击成立。研究2对90名暴力犯进行了行为学实验, 结果表明威胁感和负性情绪在自恋与攻击间起中介作用, 挑衅调节了上述中介作用。显性自恋者只在挑衅条件下表现出更强的攻击性, 隐性自恋者则在挑衅和无挑衅条件下均有较强的攻击性。研究厘清了不同亚型下自恋与攻击的关系, 突出了隐性自恋的“黑暗性”, 并为罪犯矫治管理及犯罪预防提供了参考。
图/表 11
图1自恋与攻击关联的假设模型图
图1自恋与攻击关联的假设模型图
表1描述性统计和相关矩阵(N = 498)
变量 | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1隐性自恋 | 27.40 | 5.83 | — | |||||
2显性自恋 | 3.18 | 2.40 | 0.24** | — | ||||
3特质愤怒 | 20.13 | 5.35 | 0.39** | 0.30** | — | |||
4心理特权 | 30.62 | 9.54 | 0.24** | 0.24** | 0.31** | — | ||
5冲动性攻击 | 15.91 | 4.87 | 0.38** | 0.19** | 0.62** | 0.27** | — | |
6预谋性攻击 | 22.09 | 7.71 | 0.42** | 0.31** | 0.60** | 0.35** | 0.72** | — |
表1描述性统计和相关矩阵(N = 498)
变量 | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1隐性自恋 | 27.40 | 5.83 | — | |||||
2显性自恋 | 3.18 | 2.40 | 0.24** | — | ||||
3特质愤怒 | 20.13 | 5.35 | 0.39** | 0.30** | — | |||
4心理特权 | 30.62 | 9.54 | 0.24** | 0.24** | 0.31** | — | ||
5冲动性攻击 | 15.91 | 4.87 | 0.38** | 0.19** | 0.62** | 0.27** | — | |
6预谋性攻击 | 22.09 | 7.71 | 0.42** | 0.31** | 0.60** | 0.35** | 0.72** | — |
表2多重中介模型拟合度指标
模型 | c2 | df | c2/df | RMSEA | SRMR | CFI | GFI | IFI | NFI | TLI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 223.24 | 105 | 2.13 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.96 |
M2 | 226.64 | 107 | 2.12 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.96 |
表2多重中介模型拟合度指标
模型 | c2 | df | c2/df | RMSEA | SRMR | CFI | GFI | IFI | NFI | TLI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 223.24 | 105 | 2.13 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.96 |
M2 | 226.64 | 107 | 2.12 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.96 |
图2自恋与攻击多重中介作用的结构方程模型图 注:为保持简洁, 仅保留了结构模型, 省略了测量模型。潜变量到显变量的路径系数均在0.52~0.97之间。图中系数均为标准化系数。
图2自恋与攻击多重中介作用的结构方程模型图 注:为保持简洁, 仅保留了结构模型, 省略了测量模型。潜变量到显变量的路径系数均在0.52~0.97之间。图中系数均为标准化系数。
表3主要效应量显著性的bootstrap检验
编号 | 路径 | 标准化效应量 | SD | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
中介效应1 | 隐性自恋→特质愤怒→冲动攻击 | 0.30 | 0.05 | [0.195, 0.400] |
中介效应2 | 隐性自恋→特质愤怒→预谋攻击 | 0.24 | 0.05 | [0.151, 0.335] |
中介效应3 | 隐性自恋→心理特权→冲动攻击 | 0.02 | 0.02 | [-0.013, 0.052] |
中介效应4 | 隐性自恋→心理特权→预谋攻击 | 0.04 | 0.02 | [0.006, 0.075] |
中介效应5 | 显性自恋→特质愤怒→冲动攻击 | 0.18 | 0.06 | [0.077, 0.302] |
中介效应6 | 显性自恋→特质愤怒→预谋攻击 | 0.15 | 0.04 | [0.065, 0.232] |
中介效应7 | 显性自恋→心理特权→冲动攻击 | 0.02 | 0.02 | [-0.010, 0.048] |
中介效应8 | 显性自恋→心理特权→预谋攻击 | 0.03 | 0.02 | [0.006, 0.062] |
直接效应1 | 隐性自恋→冲动攻击 | 0.18 | 0.08 | [0.035, 0.327] |
直接效应2 | 隐性自恋→预谋攻击 | 0.22 | 0.07 | [0.091, 0.349] |
直接效应3 | 显性自恋→冲动攻击 | -0.08 | 0.07 | [-0.227, 0.063] |
直接效应4 | 显性自恋→预谋攻击 | 0.06 | 0.07 | [-0.070, 0.196] |
表3主要效应量显著性的bootstrap检验
编号 | 路径 | 标准化效应量 | SD | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
中介效应1 | 隐性自恋→特质愤怒→冲动攻击 | 0.30 | 0.05 | [0.195, 0.400] |
中介效应2 | 隐性自恋→特质愤怒→预谋攻击 | 0.24 | 0.05 | [0.151, 0.335] |
中介效应3 | 隐性自恋→心理特权→冲动攻击 | 0.02 | 0.02 | [-0.013, 0.052] |
中介效应4 | 隐性自恋→心理特权→预谋攻击 | 0.04 | 0.02 | [0.006, 0.075] |
中介效应5 | 显性自恋→特质愤怒→冲动攻击 | 0.18 | 0.06 | [0.077, 0.302] |
中介效应6 | 显性自恋→特质愤怒→预谋攻击 | 0.15 | 0.04 | [0.065, 0.232] |
中介效应7 | 显性自恋→心理特权→冲动攻击 | 0.02 | 0.02 | [-0.010, 0.048] |
中介效应8 | 显性自恋→心理特权→预谋攻击 | 0.03 | 0.02 | [0.006, 0.062] |
直接效应1 | 隐性自恋→冲动攻击 | 0.18 | 0.08 | [0.035, 0.327] |
直接效应2 | 隐性自恋→预谋攻击 | 0.22 | 0.07 | [0.091, 0.349] |
直接效应3 | 显性自恋→冲动攻击 | -0.08 | 0.07 | [-0.227, 0.063] |
直接效应4 | 显性自恋→预谋攻击 | 0.06 | 0.07 | [-0.070, 0.196] |
表4总效应量及差异显著性检验
总效应 | 包含路径 | 标准化效应量 | SD | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
1隐性自恋预测冲动性攻击 | 中介效应1+中介效应3+直接效应1 | 0.49 | 0.07 | [0.344, 0.630] |
2隐性自恋预测预谋性攻击 | 中介效应2+中介效应4+直接效应2 | 0.49 | 0.07 | [0.352, 0.618] |
3显性自恋预测冲动性攻击 | 中介效应5+中介效应7+直接效应3 | 0.12 | 0.08 | [-0.035, 0.265] |
4显性自恋预测预谋性攻击 | 中介效应6+中介效应8+直接效应4 | 0.23 | 0.07 | [0.092, 0.378] |
表4总效应量及差异显著性检验
总效应 | 包含路径 | 标准化效应量 | SD | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
1隐性自恋预测冲动性攻击 | 中介效应1+中介效应3+直接效应1 | 0.49 | 0.07 | [0.344, 0.630] |
2隐性自恋预测预谋性攻击 | 中介效应2+中介效应4+直接效应2 | 0.49 | 0.07 | [0.352, 0.618] |
3显性自恋预测冲动性攻击 | 中介效应5+中介效应7+直接效应3 | 0.12 | 0.08 | [-0.035, 0.265] |
4显性自恋预测预谋性攻击 | 中介效应6+中介效应8+直接效应4 | 0.23 | 0.07 | [0.092, 0.378] |
表5挑衅组与对照组基本信息与自恋人格得分(M ± SD)
变量 | 挑衅组 | 对照组 | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄 | 36.02 ± 5.57 | 35.59 ± 6.18 | 0.35 | 0.729 |
学历水平 | 1.83 ± 0.80 | 1.91 ± 0.71 | 0.52 | 0.604 |
原判刑期(年) | 19.17 ± 7.65 | 19.02 ± 8.14 | 0.09 | 0.929 |
服刑时间(年) | 5.84 ± 3.36 | 5.39 ± 3.92 | 0.57 | 0.567 |
显性自恋 | 1.93 ± 1.71 | 1.84 ± 1.71 | 0.26 | 0.795 |
隐性自恋 | 26.89 ± 5.31 | 25.45 ± 6.59 | 1.14 | 0.259 |
表5挑衅组与对照组基本信息与自恋人格得分(M ± SD)
变量 | 挑衅组 | 对照组 | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄 | 36.02 ± 5.57 | 35.59 ± 6.18 | 0.35 | 0.729 |
学历水平 | 1.83 ± 0.80 | 1.91 ± 0.71 | 0.52 | 0.604 |
原判刑期(年) | 19.17 ± 7.65 | 19.02 ± 8.14 | 0.09 | 0.929 |
服刑时间(年) | 5.84 ± 3.36 | 5.39 ± 3.92 | 0.57 | 0.567 |
显性自恋 | 1.93 ± 1.71 | 1.84 ± 1.71 | 0.26 | 0.795 |
隐性自恋 | 26.89 ± 5.31 | 25.45 ± 6.59 | 1.14 | 0.259 |
表6描述性统计及操纵检验(M ± SD)
变量 | 挑衅组 | 对照组 | t | p | Cohen’d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
敌意认知 | 14.93 ± 4.89 | 12.45 ± 4.48 | 2.50 | 0.014 | 0.53 |
负性情绪 | 19.00 ± 6.39 | 16.14 ± 4.81 | 2.39 | 0.019 | 0.51 |
威胁感 | 10.41 ± 4.45 | 8.30 ± 3.37 | 2.54 | 0.013 | 0.53 |
攻击行为 | 0.12 ± 2.01 | -0.71 ± 1.25 | 2.33 | 0.022 | 0.50 |
表6描述性统计及操纵检验(M ± SD)
变量 | 挑衅组 | 对照组 | t | p | Cohen’d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
敌意认知 | 14.93 ± 4.89 | 12.45 ± 4.48 | 2.50 | 0.014 | 0.53 |
负性情绪 | 19.00 ± 6.39 | 16.14 ± 4.81 | 2.39 | 0.019 | 0.51 |
威胁感 | 10.41 ± 4.45 | 8.30 ± 3.37 | 2.54 | 0.013 | 0.53 |
攻击行为 | 0.12 ± 2.01 | -0.71 ± 1.25 | 2.33 | 0.022 | 0.50 |
图3挑衅调节显性自恋与攻击关系的简单斜率图(总效应)
图3挑衅调节显性自恋与攻击关系的简单斜率图(总效应)
图4挑衅调节显性自恋与负性情绪关系的简单斜率图
图4挑衅调节显性自恋与负性情绪关系的简单斜率图
图5挑衅调节显性自恋与威胁感关系的简单斜率图
图5挑衅调节显性自恋与威胁感关系的简单斜率图
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