) 1中国政法大学刑事司法学院, 北京 100088
2中国政法大学社会学院, 北京 100088
收稿日期:2020-06-09出版日期:2021-03-25发布日期:2021-01-27通讯作者:杨波E-mail:zsdybo@sina.com基金资助:* 国家重点研发计划项目资助(2018YFC0831002)Eliminating threat or venting rage?The relationship between narcissism and aggression in violent offenders
LIU Yuping1, LI Shanshan2, HE Yun2, WANG Doudou2, YANG Bo2(
) 1School of Criminal Justice, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
2School of Sociology, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
Received:2020-06-09Online:2021-03-25Published:2021-01-27Contact:YANG Bo E-mail:zsdybo@sina.com摘要/Abstract
摘要: 通过2个研究探索了自恋与暴力犯攻击行为的关系及机制。研究1通过问卷法(N = 498)发现, 自恋与攻击存在正相关, 特质愤怒在自恋与预谋性和冲动性攻击间的中介作用成立, 心理特权的中介作用只对预谋性攻击成立。研究2对90名暴力犯进行了行为学实验, 结果表明威胁感和负性情绪在自恋与攻击间起中介作用, 挑衅调节了上述中介作用。显性自恋者只在挑衅条件下表现出更强的攻击性, 隐性自恋者则在挑衅和无挑衅条件下均有较强的攻击性。研究厘清了不同亚型下自恋与攻击的关系, 突出了隐性自恋的“黑暗性”, 并为罪犯矫治管理及犯罪预防提供了参考。
图/表 11

图1自恋与攻击关联的假设模型图
图1自恋与攻击关联的假设模型图表1描述性统计和相关矩阵(N = 498)
| 变量 | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1隐性自恋 | 27.40 | 5.83 | — | |||||
| 2显性自恋 | 3.18 | 2.40 | 0.24** | — | ||||
| 3特质愤怒 | 20.13 | 5.35 | 0.39** | 0.30** | — | |||
| 4心理特权 | 30.62 | 9.54 | 0.24** | 0.24** | 0.31** | — | ||
| 5冲动性攻击 | 15.91 | 4.87 | 0.38** | 0.19** | 0.62** | 0.27** | — | |
| 6预谋性攻击 | 22.09 | 7.71 | 0.42** | 0.31** | 0.60** | 0.35** | 0.72** | — |
表1描述性统计和相关矩阵(N = 498)
| 变量 | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1隐性自恋 | 27.40 | 5.83 | — | |||||
| 2显性自恋 | 3.18 | 2.40 | 0.24** | — | ||||
| 3特质愤怒 | 20.13 | 5.35 | 0.39** | 0.30** | — | |||
| 4心理特权 | 30.62 | 9.54 | 0.24** | 0.24** | 0.31** | — | ||
| 5冲动性攻击 | 15.91 | 4.87 | 0.38** | 0.19** | 0.62** | 0.27** | — | |
| 6预谋性攻击 | 22.09 | 7.71 | 0.42** | 0.31** | 0.60** | 0.35** | 0.72** | — |
表2多重中介模型拟合度指标
| 模型 | c2 | df | c2/df | RMSEA | SRMR | CFI | GFI | IFI | NFI | TLI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | 223.24 | 105 | 2.13 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.96 |
| M2 | 226.64 | 107 | 2.12 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.96 |
表2多重中介模型拟合度指标
| 模型 | c2 | df | c2/df | RMSEA | SRMR | CFI | GFI | IFI | NFI | TLI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | 223.24 | 105 | 2.13 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.96 |
| M2 | 226.64 | 107 | 2.12 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.96 |

图2自恋与攻击多重中介作用的结构方程模型图 注:为保持简洁, 仅保留了结构模型, 省略了测量模型。潜变量到显变量的路径系数均在0.52~0.97之间。图中系数均为标准化系数。
图2自恋与攻击多重中介作用的结构方程模型图 注:为保持简洁, 仅保留了结构模型, 省略了测量模型。潜变量到显变量的路径系数均在0.52~0.97之间。图中系数均为标准化系数。表3主要效应量显著性的bootstrap检验
| 编号 | 路径 | 标准化效应量 | SD | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 中介效应1 | 隐性自恋→特质愤怒→冲动攻击 | 0.30 | 0.05 | [0.195, 0.400] |
| 中介效应2 | 隐性自恋→特质愤怒→预谋攻击 | 0.24 | 0.05 | [0.151, 0.335] |
| 中介效应3 | 隐性自恋→心理特权→冲动攻击 | 0.02 | 0.02 | [-0.013, 0.052] |
| 中介效应4 | 隐性自恋→心理特权→预谋攻击 | 0.04 | 0.02 | [0.006, 0.075] |
| 中介效应5 | 显性自恋→特质愤怒→冲动攻击 | 0.18 | 0.06 | [0.077, 0.302] |
| 中介效应6 | 显性自恋→特质愤怒→预谋攻击 | 0.15 | 0.04 | [0.065, 0.232] |
| 中介效应7 | 显性自恋→心理特权→冲动攻击 | 0.02 | 0.02 | [-0.010, 0.048] |
| 中介效应8 | 显性自恋→心理特权→预谋攻击 | 0.03 | 0.02 | [0.006, 0.062] |
| 直接效应1 | 隐性自恋→冲动攻击 | 0.18 | 0.08 | [0.035, 0.327] |
| 直接效应2 | 隐性自恋→预谋攻击 | 0.22 | 0.07 | [0.091, 0.349] |
| 直接效应3 | 显性自恋→冲动攻击 | -0.08 | 0.07 | [-0.227, 0.063] |
| 直接效应4 | 显性自恋→预谋攻击 | 0.06 | 0.07 | [-0.070, 0.196] |
表3主要效应量显著性的bootstrap检验
| 编号 | 路径 | 标准化效应量 | SD | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 中介效应1 | 隐性自恋→特质愤怒→冲动攻击 | 0.30 | 0.05 | [0.195, 0.400] |
| 中介效应2 | 隐性自恋→特质愤怒→预谋攻击 | 0.24 | 0.05 | [0.151, 0.335] |
| 中介效应3 | 隐性自恋→心理特权→冲动攻击 | 0.02 | 0.02 | [-0.013, 0.052] |
| 中介效应4 | 隐性自恋→心理特权→预谋攻击 | 0.04 | 0.02 | [0.006, 0.075] |
| 中介效应5 | 显性自恋→特质愤怒→冲动攻击 | 0.18 | 0.06 | [0.077, 0.302] |
| 中介效应6 | 显性自恋→特质愤怒→预谋攻击 | 0.15 | 0.04 | [0.065, 0.232] |
| 中介效应7 | 显性自恋→心理特权→冲动攻击 | 0.02 | 0.02 | [-0.010, 0.048] |
| 中介效应8 | 显性自恋→心理特权→预谋攻击 | 0.03 | 0.02 | [0.006, 0.062] |
| 直接效应1 | 隐性自恋→冲动攻击 | 0.18 | 0.08 | [0.035, 0.327] |
| 直接效应2 | 隐性自恋→预谋攻击 | 0.22 | 0.07 | [0.091, 0.349] |
| 直接效应3 | 显性自恋→冲动攻击 | -0.08 | 0.07 | [-0.227, 0.063] |
| 直接效应4 | 显性自恋→预谋攻击 | 0.06 | 0.07 | [-0.070, 0.196] |
表4总效应量及差异显著性检验
| 总效应 | 包含路径 | 标准化效应量 | SD | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1隐性自恋预测冲动性攻击 | 中介效应1+中介效应3+直接效应1 | 0.49 | 0.07 | [0.344, 0.630] |
| 2隐性自恋预测预谋性攻击 | 中介效应2+中介效应4+直接效应2 | 0.49 | 0.07 | [0.352, 0.618] |
| 3显性自恋预测冲动性攻击 | 中介效应5+中介效应7+直接效应3 | 0.12 | 0.08 | [-0.035, 0.265] |
| 4显性自恋预测预谋性攻击 | 中介效应6+中介效应8+直接效应4 | 0.23 | 0.07 | [0.092, 0.378] |
表4总效应量及差异显著性检验
| 总效应 | 包含路径 | 标准化效应量 | SD | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1隐性自恋预测冲动性攻击 | 中介效应1+中介效应3+直接效应1 | 0.49 | 0.07 | [0.344, 0.630] |
| 2隐性自恋预测预谋性攻击 | 中介效应2+中介效应4+直接效应2 | 0.49 | 0.07 | [0.352, 0.618] |
| 3显性自恋预测冲动性攻击 | 中介效应5+中介效应7+直接效应3 | 0.12 | 0.08 | [-0.035, 0.265] |
| 4显性自恋预测预谋性攻击 | 中介效应6+中介效应8+直接效应4 | 0.23 | 0.07 | [0.092, 0.378] |
表5挑衅组与对照组基本信息与自恋人格得分(M ± SD)
| 变量 | 挑衅组 | 对照组 | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄 | 36.02 ± 5.57 | 35.59 ± 6.18 | 0.35 | 0.729 |
| 学历水平 | 1.83 ± 0.80 | 1.91 ± 0.71 | 0.52 | 0.604 |
| 原判刑期(年) | 19.17 ± 7.65 | 19.02 ± 8.14 | 0.09 | 0.929 |
| 服刑时间(年) | 5.84 ± 3.36 | 5.39 ± 3.92 | 0.57 | 0.567 |
| 显性自恋 | 1.93 ± 1.71 | 1.84 ± 1.71 | 0.26 | 0.795 |
| 隐性自恋 | 26.89 ± 5.31 | 25.45 ± 6.59 | 1.14 | 0.259 |
表5挑衅组与对照组基本信息与自恋人格得分(M ± SD)
| 变量 | 挑衅组 | 对照组 | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄 | 36.02 ± 5.57 | 35.59 ± 6.18 | 0.35 | 0.729 |
| 学历水平 | 1.83 ± 0.80 | 1.91 ± 0.71 | 0.52 | 0.604 |
| 原判刑期(年) | 19.17 ± 7.65 | 19.02 ± 8.14 | 0.09 | 0.929 |
| 服刑时间(年) | 5.84 ± 3.36 | 5.39 ± 3.92 | 0.57 | 0.567 |
| 显性自恋 | 1.93 ± 1.71 | 1.84 ± 1.71 | 0.26 | 0.795 |
| 隐性自恋 | 26.89 ± 5.31 | 25.45 ± 6.59 | 1.14 | 0.259 |
表6描述性统计及操纵检验(M ± SD)
| 变量 | 挑衅组 | 对照组 | t | p | Cohen’d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 敌意认知 | 14.93 ± 4.89 | 12.45 ± 4.48 | 2.50 | 0.014 | 0.53 |
| 负性情绪 | 19.00 ± 6.39 | 16.14 ± 4.81 | 2.39 | 0.019 | 0.51 |
| 威胁感 | 10.41 ± 4.45 | 8.30 ± 3.37 | 2.54 | 0.013 | 0.53 |
| 攻击行为 | 0.12 ± 2.01 | -0.71 ± 1.25 | 2.33 | 0.022 | 0.50 |
表6描述性统计及操纵检验(M ± SD)
| 变量 | 挑衅组 | 对照组 | t | p | Cohen’d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 敌意认知 | 14.93 ± 4.89 | 12.45 ± 4.48 | 2.50 | 0.014 | 0.53 |
| 负性情绪 | 19.00 ± 6.39 | 16.14 ± 4.81 | 2.39 | 0.019 | 0.51 |
| 威胁感 | 10.41 ± 4.45 | 8.30 ± 3.37 | 2.54 | 0.013 | 0.53 |
| 攻击行为 | 0.12 ± 2.01 | -0.71 ± 1.25 | 2.33 | 0.022 | 0.50 |

图3挑衅调节显性自恋与攻击关系的简单斜率图(总效应)
图3挑衅调节显性自恋与攻击关系的简单斜率图(总效应)
图4挑衅调节显性自恋与负性情绪关系的简单斜率图
图4挑衅调节显性自恋与负性情绪关系的简单斜率图
图5挑衅调节显性自恋与威胁感关系的简单斜率图
图5挑衅调节显性自恋与威胁感关系的简单斜率图参考文献 50
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