), 张豹2(), 范兴华1, 黄杰1 1湖南第一师范学院教育科学学院/儿童心理发育与脑认知科学湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410205
2广州大学教育学院/心理与脑科学研究中心, 广州 510006
收稿日期:2019-10-08出版日期:2021-01-25发布日期:2020-11-24通讯作者:黄月胜,张豹E-mail:huangys@hnfnu.edu.cn;bao.zhang@foxmail.com基金资助:* 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(15YJC190007);湖南省重点实验室项目(2019TP032);广州大学青年拔尖人才计划项目(BJ201720)Can negative emotion of task-irrelevant working memory representation affect its attentional capture? A study of eye movements
HUANG Yuesheng1(), ZHANG Bao2(), FAN Xinhua1, HUANG Jie1 1School of Educational Science / Hunan Key Laboratory of Children’s Psychological Development and Brain Cognitive Science, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China
2School of Education / The Center for Mind and Brain, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Received:2019-10-08Online:2021-01-25Published:2020-11-24Contact:HUANG Yuesheng,ZHANG Bao E-mail:huangys@hnfnu.edu.cn;bao.zhang@foxmail.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 研究通过分析视觉搜索任务的首次注视点和行为反应时, 探讨无关工作记忆表征的负性情绪信息对视觉注意选择的影响。实验1发现在反映早期注意选择的首次注视点百分率指标上, 不管工作记忆表征的情绪效价如何, 均出现了显著的注意捕获效应; 实验2发现当采用中性情绪靶子刺激时, 首次注视点百分率指标上仍表现出了稳健的注意捕获效应; 在首次注视点持续时间指标上, 实验1和实验2均发现记忆匹配条件的干扰刺激显著小于控制条件的干扰刺激, 表现出注意的快速脱离; 而在行为反应时指标上, 早期的注意捕获效应消失(实验1), 甚至被反转为注意抑制效应(实验2)。这些结果表明在早期注意选择阶段, 记忆驱动的注意捕获效应不受工作记忆表征情绪效价的影响, 但认知控制会在早期注意捕获之后促使注意快速脱离记忆匹配的干扰刺激, 其作用效果受靶子刺激情绪效价的调节。
图/表 4
表1实验1各类别图片的情绪维度评分(M ± SD)及差异检验
| 情绪维度 | 记忆刺激 | 干扰刺激 | 靶子刺激 | 记忆探测新刺激 | F值 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 负性 | 效价 | 2.65 ± 0.42 | 2.64 ± 0.47 | 2.59 ± 0.48 | 2.59 ± 0.44 | 0.23 | 0.87 |
| 唤醒度 | 5.49 ± 0.46 | 5.54 ± 0.40 | 5.61 ± 0.41 | 5.63 ± 0.45 | 0.89 | 0.45 | |
| 动机程度 | 3.62 ± 0.62 | 3.58 ± 0.57 | 3.47 ± 0.62 | 3.44 ± 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.51 | |
| 中性 | 效价 | 5.20 ± 0.39 | 5.11 ± 0.36 | 5.13 ± 0.39 | 5.24 ± 0.47 | 0.71 | 0.55 |
| 唤醒度 | 3.45 ± 0.38 | 3.35 ± 0.37 | 3.40 ± 0.41 | 3.16 ± 0.46 | 1.91 | 0.13 | |
| 动机程度 | 5.00 ± 0.62 | 5.02 ± 0.61 | 4.93 ± 0.65 | 4.98 ± 0.63 | 0.16 | 0.93 | |
表1实验1各类别图片的情绪维度评分(M ± SD)及差异检验
| 情绪维度 | 记忆刺激 | 干扰刺激 | 靶子刺激 | 记忆探测新刺激 | F值 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 负性 | 效价 | 2.65 ± 0.42 | 2.64 ± 0.47 | 2.59 ± 0.48 | 2.59 ± 0.44 | 0.23 | 0.87 |
| 唤醒度 | 5.49 ± 0.46 | 5.54 ± 0.40 | 5.61 ± 0.41 | 5.63 ± 0.45 | 0.89 | 0.45 | |
| 动机程度 | 3.62 ± 0.62 | 3.58 ± 0.57 | 3.47 ± 0.62 | 3.44 ± 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.51 | |
| 中性 | 效价 | 5.20 ± 0.39 | 5.11 ± 0.36 | 5.13 ± 0.39 | 5.24 ± 0.47 | 0.71 | 0.55 |
| 唤醒度 | 3.45 ± 0.38 | 3.35 ± 0.37 | 3.40 ± 0.41 | 3.16 ± 0.46 | 1.91 | 0.13 | |
| 动机程度 | 5.00 ± 0.62 | 5.02 ± 0.61 | 4.93 ± 0.65 | 4.98 ± 0.63 | 0.16 | 0.93 | |
图1实验流程图
图1实验流程图
图2实验1视觉搜索任务的反应时和干扰刺激捕获首次注视点百分率 注：图中条形图为首次注视点百分率, 折线图为反应时, 误差线为标准误。下同。
图2实验1视觉搜索任务的反应时和干扰刺激捕获首次注视点百分率 注：图中条形图为首次注视点百分率, 折线图为反应时, 误差线为标准误。下同。
图3实验2视觉搜索任务的反应时和干扰刺激捕获首次注视点百分率
图3实验2视觉搜索任务的反应时和干扰刺激捕获首次注视点百分率参考文献 62
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