), 王志伟, 胡竞元 东北师范大学心理学院, 长春 130024
收稿日期:2019-12-04出版日期:2020-10-25发布日期:2020-08-24通讯作者:姜英杰E-mail:jiangyj993@nenu.edu.cn基金资助:* 国家社会科学基金项目(19BSH113)Influence of encoding strength on the font size effect
ZHAO Wenbo, JIANG Yingjie(), WANG Zhiwei, HU Jingyuan School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
Received:2019-12-04Online:2020-10-25Published:2020-08-24Contact:JIANG Yingjie E-mail:jiangyj993@nenu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 本研究采用3个实验考察编码强度对字体大小效应的影响, 探讨由于知觉特征而引发的元认知错觉的内在产生机制(实验1)与有效的矫正措施(实验2和实验3)。结果发现:(1)大字体词语的知觉流畅性显著优于小字体, 并且贝叶斯多层中介分析结果表明, 知觉流畅性对字体大小效应起部分中介作用(实验1); (2)随着编码强度的增加, 由字体大小引起的学习判断错觉逐渐消失(实验2和实验3)。以上结果表明, 刺激的知觉特征(字体大小)对个体学习判断的影响, 随编码强度激活线索的增加而逐渐减弱。这一结果为真实教学情境中提高学习者的编码强度, 进而削弱学习判断对知觉特征线索的依赖, 并准确地监测自身的学习进程提供了科学依据。
图/表 8
图1CID任务流程图
图1CID任务流程图表1不同字体大小词语的自由回忆正确率、学习判断值和识别反应时(M ± SD)
| 字体大小 | 自由回忆正确率 | 学习判断值 | 识别反应时(ms) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 小字体 | 0.26 ± 0.07 | 48.63 ± 12.69 | 1864.77 ± 310.97 |
| 大字体 | 0.27 ± 0.07 | 61.68 ± 13.01 | 1519.95 ± 342.17 |
表1不同字体大小词语的自由回忆正确率、学习判断值和识别反应时(M ± SD)
| 字体大小 | 自由回忆正确率 | 学习判断值 | 识别反应时(ms) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 小字体 | 0.26 ± 0.07 | 48.63 ± 12.69 | 1864.77 ± 310.97 |
| 大字体 | 0.27 ± 0.07 | 61.68 ± 13.01 | 1519.95 ± 342.17 |
图2大字体和小字体词语的学习判断值和自由回忆正确率
图2大字体和小字体词语的学习判断值和自由回忆正确率表2知觉流畅性在字体大小与学习判断值间中介分析结果
| 字体大小 - 识别反应时 - 学习判断值 | 回归系数(β) | 标准误(SE) | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 字体大小对识别反应时的 效应(a) | -0.34 | 0.04 | [-0.41, -0.27] |
| 识别反应时对学习判断值 的效应(b) | -2.32 | 1.03 | [-4.32, -0.31] |
| 字体大小对学习判断值的 总效应(c) | 13.05 | 2.63 | [7.89, 18.23] |
| 字体大小对学习判断值的 直接效应(c′) | 12.27 | 2.63 | [7.12, 17.43] |
| 识别反应时在字体大小效应中的中介效应(me) | 0.79 | 0.37 | [0.07, 1.55] |
| 中介效应百分比(pme) | 6% | 4% | [1%, 14%] |
表2知觉流畅性在字体大小与学习判断值间中介分析结果
| 字体大小 - 识别反应时 - 学习判断值 | 回归系数(β) | 标准误(SE) | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 字体大小对识别反应时的 效应(a) | -0.34 | 0.04 | [-0.41, -0.27] |
| 识别反应时对学习判断值 的效应(b) | -2.32 | 1.03 | [-4.32, -0.31] |
| 字体大小对学习判断值的 总效应(c) | 13.05 | 2.63 | [7.89, 18.23] |
| 字体大小对学习判断值的 直接效应(c′) | 12.27 | 2.63 | [7.12, 17.43] |
| 识别反应时在字体大小效应中的中介效应(me) | 0.79 | 0.37 | [0.07, 1.55] |
| 中介效应百分比(pme) | 6% | 4% | [1%, 14%] |
表3三种学习时间条件下不同字体大小词语的回忆成绩和学习判断值(M ± SD)
| 学习 时间 | 自由回忆正确率 | 学习判断值 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小字体 | 大字体 | 小字体 | 大字体 | |
| 2 s | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 50.83 ± 11.93 | 64.91 ± 13.53 |
| 4 s | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 0.27 ± 0.07 | 45.12 ± 13.02 | 57.80 ± 17.60 |
| 8 s | 0.34 ± 0.17 | 0.34 ± 0.18 | 50.97 ± 18.97 | 54.61 ± 17.89 |
表3三种学习时间条件下不同字体大小词语的回忆成绩和学习判断值(M ± SD)
| 学习 时间 | 自由回忆正确率 | 学习判断值 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小字体 | 大字体 | 小字体 | 大字体 | |
| 2 s | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 50.83 ± 11.93 | 64.91 ± 13.53 |
| 4 s | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 0.27 ± 0.07 | 45.12 ± 13.02 | 57.80 ± 17.60 |
| 8 s | 0.34 ± 0.17 | 0.34 ± 0.18 | 50.97 ± 18.97 | 54.61 ± 17.89 |
图3不同学习时间和字体大小词语的学习判断值
图3不同学习时间和字体大小词语的学习判断值表4两种加工深度条件下不同字体大小词语的回忆成绩和学习判断值(M ± SD)
| 加工深度 | 自由回忆正确率 | 学习判断值 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小字体 | 大字体 | 小字体 | 大字体 | |
| 深层加工 | 0.42 ± 0.09 | 0.42 ± 0.14 | 56.42 ± 14.53 | 56.96 ± 15.16 |
| 浅层加工 | 0.19 ± 0.08 | 0.20 ± 0.08 | 45.77 ± 15.18 | 60.16 ± 15.08 |
表4两种加工深度条件下不同字体大小词语的回忆成绩和学习判断值(M ± SD)
| 加工深度 | 自由回忆正确率 | 学习判断值 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小字体 | 大字体 | 小字体 | 大字体 | |
| 深层加工 | 0.42 ± 0.09 | 0.42 ± 0.14 | 56.42 ± 14.53 | 56.96 ± 15.16 |
| 浅层加工 | 0.19 ± 0.08 | 0.20 ± 0.08 | 45.77 ± 15.18 | 60.16 ± 15.08 |
图4不同加工深度和字体大小词语的学习判断值
图4不同加工深度和字体大小词语的学习判断值参考文献 45
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