1西南大学心理学部, 重庆 400715
2西南大学认知与人格教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715
3华中师范大学心理学院, 武汉 430079
收稿日期:2020-02-19出版日期:2020-10-25发布日期:2020-08-24通讯作者:陈红基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目(31771237);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金创新团队项目(SWU1709106);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金创新团队项目(SWU1809355)Early life environmental unpredictability and overeating: Based on life history theory
LUO Yijun1,2, NIU Gengfeng3, CHEN Hong1,21School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
2Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
3School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
Received:2020-02-19Online:2020-10-25Published:2020-08-24Contact:CHEN Hong 摘要/Abstract
摘要： 在生命史理论的视角下, 本研究通过两个研究揭示了生命早期环境不可预测性对过度进食的影响及其作用机制。研究1招募处于生命早期阶段的91名初中生(年龄12~14岁), 采用饱食进食(Eating in the absence of hunger, EAH)范式, 结果发现生命早期环境不可预测性能够显著正向预测个体饱食状态下的高热量食物选择(即过度进食); 研究2招募新冠病毒疾病(COVID-19)暴发背景下301名武汉市居民(高死亡威胁组)和179名其他省市居民(控制组) (年龄18~60岁)为被试, 通过问卷法回溯性地测量生命早期环境不可预测性并探究其影响当前过度进食的机制, 结果发现生命早期环境不可预测性通过生命史策略的中介作用间接影响过度进食。同时, 死亡威胁(新冠病毒疫情)扩大了环境不可预测性通过生命史策略间接影响过度进食的效应, 而社会支持则能缓冲这一效应。研究结果为COVID-19背景下和灾后居民的健康进食干预提供了依据。
图/表 8
图1食物份量选择任务
图1食物份量选择任务表1饥饿状态(饥饿vs. 饱食)对生命早期环境不可预测性与过度进食的调节作用
| 变量 | 低热量食物份量选择 | 高热量食物份量选择 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | β(SE) | t | p | R2 | β(SE) | t | p | |
| 步骤一 | 0.08 | 0.12 | ||||||
| 年龄 | 0.08 (0.12) | 0.71 | 0.481 | 0.01 (0.11) | 0.09 | 0.930 | ||
| 性别(男生 = 0, 女生 = 1) | -0.12 (0.11) | -1.06 | 0.292 | -0.22 (0.11) | -1.98 | 0.051 | ||
| 身体质量指数(BMI) | -0.11 (0.03) | -1.01 | 0.314 | -0.07 (0.03) | -0.62 | 0.539 | ||
| 环境恶劣性 | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.55 | 0.586 | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.56 | 0.580 | ||
| 饥饿状态(饥饿 = 0, 饱食 = 1) | -0.12 (0.22) | -1.09 | 0.281 | -0.20 (0.21) | -1.82 | 0.072 | ||
| 环境不可预测性 | -0.14 (0.02) | -1.23 | 0.224 | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.65 | 0.518 | ||
| 步骤二 | 0.16* | 0.17* | ||||||
| 环境不可预测性×饥饿状态 | 0.89 (0.03) | 2.65** | 0.010 | 0.73 (0.03) | 2.20* | 0.030 | ||
表1饥饿状态(饥饿vs. 饱食)对生命早期环境不可预测性与过度进食的调节作用
| 变量 | 低热量食物份量选择 | 高热量食物份量选择 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | β(SE) | t | p | R2 | β(SE) | t | p | |
| 步骤一 | 0.08 | 0.12 | ||||||
| 年龄 | 0.08 (0.12) | 0.71 | 0.481 | 0.01 (0.11) | 0.09 | 0.930 | ||
| 性别(男生 = 0, 女生 = 1) | -0.12 (0.11) | -1.06 | 0.292 | -0.22 (0.11) | -1.98 | 0.051 | ||
| 身体质量指数(BMI) | -0.11 (0.03) | -1.01 | 0.314 | -0.07 (0.03) | -0.62 | 0.539 | ||
| 环境恶劣性 | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.55 | 0.586 | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.56 | 0.580 | ||
| 饥饿状态(饥饿 = 0, 饱食 = 1) | -0.12 (0.22) | -1.09 | 0.281 | -0.20 (0.21) | -1.82 | 0.072 | ||
| 环境不可预测性 | -0.14 (0.02) | -1.23 | 0.224 | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.65 | 0.518 | ||
| 步骤二 | 0.16* | 0.17* | ||||||
| 环境不可预测性×饥饿状态 | 0.89 (0.03) | 2.65** | 0.010 | 0.73 (0.03) | 2.20* | 0.030 | ||
图2简单效应分析:(a)饥饿状态对环境不可预测性影响低热量食物份量选择的调节作用; (b)饥饿状态对环境不可预测性影响高热量食物份量选择的调节作用; EU指生命早期环境不可预测性; 低EU = 环境不可预测性得分为负一个标准差(-1 SD), 高EU = 环境不可预测性得分为正一个标准差(+1 SD)
图2简单效应分析:(a)饥饿状态对环境不可预测性影响低热量食物份量选择的调节作用; (b)饥饿状态对环境不可预测性影响高热量食物份量选择的调节作用; EU指生命早期环境不可预测性; 低EU = 环境不可预测性得分为负一个标准差(-1 SD), 高EU = 环境不可预测性得分为正一个标准差(+1 SD)表2描述性统计与相关分析(n = 480)
| 变量 | M ± SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 年龄 | 27.44 ± 9.77 | — | ||||||
| 2 性别 | — | 0.07 | — | |||||
| 3 感知死亡威胁 | — | -0.03 | -0.02 | — | ||||
| 4 环境恶劣性 | 2.44 ± 0.96 | -0.09 | -0.07 | 0.05 | — | |||
| 5 环境不可预测性 | 2.94 ± 0.95 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.09* | 0.27*** | — | ||
| 6 快生命史策略 | 2.51 ± 0.94 | -0.04 | -0.10* | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.28*** | — | |
| 7 社会支持 | 4.97 ± 1.37 | 0.03 | 0.06 | -0.13** | -0.03 | -0.15** | -0.15** | — |
| 8 过度进食 | 2.18 ± 0.65 | -0.11* | -0.01 | 0.20*** | 0.21*** | 0.32*** | 0.32*** | -0.19*** |
表2描述性统计与相关分析(n = 480)
| 变量 | M ± SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 年龄 | 27.44 ± 9.77 | — | ||||||
| 2 性别 | — | 0.07 | — | |||||
| 3 感知死亡威胁 | — | -0.03 | -0.02 | — | ||||
| 4 环境恶劣性 | 2.44 ± 0.96 | -0.09 | -0.07 | 0.05 | — | |||
| 5 环境不可预测性 | 2.94 ± 0.95 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.09* | 0.27*** | — | ||
| 6 快生命史策略 | 2.51 ± 0.94 | -0.04 | -0.10* | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.28*** | — | |
| 7 社会支持 | 4.97 ± 1.37 | 0.03 | 0.06 | -0.13** | -0.03 | -0.15** | -0.15** | — |
| 8 过度进食 | 2.18 ± 0.65 | -0.11* | -0.01 | 0.20*** | 0.21*** | 0.32*** | 0.32*** | -0.19*** |
图3有调节的中介模型(注:所有路径系数为标准化的路径系数)
图3有调节的中介模型(注:所有路径系数为标准化的路径系数)表3有调节的中介模型的回归分析
| 变量 | R2 | β (SE) | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 因变量:过度进食 | 0.21*** | |||
| 性别 | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.14 | 0.889 | |
| 年龄 | -0.10 (0.01) | -2.49* | 0.013 | |
| 环境恶劣性 | 0.06 (0.03) | 2.03 | 0.043 | |
| 环境不可预测性 | 0.28 (0.03) | 9.72*** | < 0.001 | |
| 因变量:快生命史策略 | 0.09*** | |||
| 性别 | -0.11 (0.05) | -2.25* | 0.025 | |
| 年龄 | -0.01 (0.01) | -0.59 | 0.553 | |
| 环境恶劣性 | -0.01 (0.03) | -0.33 | 0.744 | |
| 环境不可预测性 | 0.16 (0.04) | 4.50*** | < 0.001 | |
| 因变量:过度进食 | 0.31*** | |||
| 性别 | 0.06 (0.05) | 1.25 | 0.214 | |
| 年龄 | -0.10 (0.04) | -2.62*** | 0.009 | |
| 环境恶劣性 | 0.04 (0.03) | 1.40 | 0.161 | |
| 环境不可预测性 | 0.23 (0.03) | 7.87*** | < 0.001 | |
| 快生命史策略 | 0.18 (0.06) | 3.04** | 0.003 | |
| 死亡威胁 | 0.16 (0.05) | 3.14** | 0.002 | |
| 社会支持 | -0.06 (0.02) | -2.37** | 0.018 | |
| 快生命史策略 × 社会支持 | -0.08 (0.03) | -2.52** | 0.012 | |
| 快生命史策略 × 死亡威胁 | 0.23 (0.11) | 2.14** | 0.033 |
表3有调节的中介模型的回归分析
| 变量 | R2 | β (SE) | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 因变量:过度进食 | 0.21*** | |||
| 性别 | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.14 | 0.889 | |
| 年龄 | -0.10 (0.01) | -2.49* | 0.013 | |
| 环境恶劣性 | 0.06 (0.03) | 2.03 | 0.043 | |
| 环境不可预测性 | 0.28 (0.03) | 9.72*** | < 0.001 | |
| 因变量:快生命史策略 | 0.09*** | |||
| 性别 | -0.11 (0.05) | -2.25* | 0.025 | |
| 年龄 | -0.01 (0.01) | -0.59 | 0.553 | |
| 环境恶劣性 | -0.01 (0.03) | -0.33 | 0.744 | |
| 环境不可预测性 | 0.16 (0.04) | 4.50*** | < 0.001 | |
| 因变量:过度进食 | 0.31*** | |||
| 性别 | 0.06 (0.05) | 1.25 | 0.214 | |
| 年龄 | -0.10 (0.04) | -2.62*** | 0.009 | |
| 环境恶劣性 | 0.04 (0.03) | 1.40 | 0.161 | |
| 环境不可预测性 | 0.23 (0.03) | 7.87*** | < 0.001 | |
| 快生命史策略 | 0.18 (0.06) | 3.04** | 0.003 | |
| 死亡威胁 | 0.16 (0.05) | 3.14** | 0.002 | |
| 社会支持 | -0.06 (0.02) | -2.37** | 0.018 | |
| 快生命史策略 × 社会支持 | -0.08 (0.03) | -2.52** | 0.012 | |
| 快生命史策略 × 死亡威胁 | 0.23 (0.11) | 2.14** | 0.033 |
表4不同条件下中介模型的间接效应量
| 分组 | 间接效应量(β) | 标准误(SE) | 上限(BootLLCI) | 下限(BootULCI) | 中介模型是否成立? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高死亡威胁组 | |||||
| 高社会支持(> 1 SD) | 0.038 | 0.023 | 0.000 | 0.092 | 不成立 |
| 中等社会支持(1 SD) | 0.064 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.124 | 成立 |
| 低社会支持(< -1 SD) | 0.090 | 0.029 | 0.043 | 0.170 | 成立 |
| 控制组 | |||||
| 高社会支持(> 1 SD) | -0.017 | 0.021 | -0.060 | 0.027 | 不成立 |
| 中等社会支持(1 SD) | 0.010 | 0.017 | -0.020 | 0.051 | 不成立 |
| 低社会支持(< -1 SD) | 0.036 | 0.018 | 0.003 | 0.075 | 成立 |
表4不同条件下中介模型的间接效应量
| 分组 | 间接效应量(β) | 标准误(SE) | 上限(BootLLCI) | 下限(BootULCI) | 中介模型是否成立? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高死亡威胁组 | |||||
| 高社会支持(> 1 SD) | 0.038 | 0.023 | 0.000 | 0.092 | 不成立 |
| 中等社会支持(1 SD) | 0.064 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.124 | 成立 |
| 低社会支持(< -1 SD) | 0.090 | 0.029 | 0.043 | 0.170 | 成立 |
| 控制组 | |||||
| 高社会支持(> 1 SD) | -0.017 | 0.021 | -0.060 | 0.027 | 不成立 |
| 中等社会支持(1 SD) | 0.010 | 0.017 | -0.020 | 0.051 | 不成立 |
| 低社会支持(< -1 SD) | 0.036 | 0.018 | 0.003 | 0.075 | 成立 |
图4(a)死亡威胁对快生命史策略影响过度进食的调节作用; (b)社会支持对快生命史策略影响过度进食的调节作用; 慢策略 = 生命史策略得分为负一个标准差(-1 SD), 快策略 = 生命史策略得分为正一个标准差(+1 SD)
图4(a)死亡威胁对快生命史策略影响过度进食的调节作用; (b)社会支持对快生命史策略影响过度进食的调节作用; 慢策略 = 生命史策略得分为负一个标准差(-1 SD), 快策略 = 生命史策略得分为正一个标准差(+1 SD)参考文献 49
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