), 李雨桐() 辽宁师范大学心理学院, 大连 116029
收稿日期:2019-06-28出版日期:2020-08-25发布日期:2020-06-28通讯作者:隋雪,李雨桐E-mail:suixue88@163.com;dearliyutong@163.com基金资助:* 教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(19YJA190005);辽宁省教育厅高水平创新团队国外培养项目(2018LNGXGJWP-YB015);辽宁省教育科学“十三五”规划年度课题(JG16CB341);辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目(LJ2019015);全国教育科学"十三五"规划2019年度教育部重点项目(DHA190373)An eye movement study for the guidance mechanism of long-distance regressions in Chinese reading
YANG Fan, SUI Xue(), YI Yutong() School of psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
Received:2019-06-28Online:2020-08-25Published:2020-06-28Contact:SUI Xue,YI Yutong E-mail:suixue88@163.com;dearliyutong@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 从记忆的角度, 探讨中文阅读中长距离回视的引导机制。采用眼动实验, 操纵了回视条件(实验1)、回视可见性(实验2)、目标词位置及词频变量。结果发现:与不阅读组相比, 阅读组的最初回视误差更小, 定位效率更高; 与可见组相比, 不可见组累积回视距离更大, 且难以正确定位目标; 目标词位置主效应显著, 而词频主效应不显著。结果表明, 回视具有空间选择性, 最初的回视由空间记忆引导, 最初回视后的修正眼跳在文本可见情况下才能正常进行, 而词频这一言语属性对回视没有显著影响, 本研究结果支持了空间编码假设。
图/表 3
表1实验材料举例
| 词汇类型 | 词汇位置 | 句子举例 | 目标词 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 高频 | 前1/3 | 该作品的宗旨就是为了弘扬中国传统文化。 | 作品 |
| 中间1/3 | 看到如此混乱的局面委员会觉得十分困惑。 | 委员 | |
| 后1/3 | 这些村民对这个不速之客的生活充满兴趣。 | 生活 | |
| 低频 | 前1/3 | 该书院的宗旨就是为了弘扬中国传统文化。 | 书院 |
| 中间1/3 | 看到如此混乱的局面贵宾会觉得十分困惑。 | 贵宾 | |
| 后1/3 | 这些村民对这个不速之客的面容充满兴趣。 | 面容 |
表1实验材料举例
| 词汇类型 | 词汇位置 | 句子举例 | 目标词 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 高频 | 前1/3 | 该作品的宗旨就是为了弘扬中国传统文化。 | 作品 |
| 中间1/3 | 看到如此混乱的局面委员会觉得十分困惑。 | 委员 | |
| 后1/3 | 这些村民对这个不速之客的生活充满兴趣。 | 生活 | |
| 低频 | 前1/3 | 该书院的宗旨就是为了弘扬中国传统文化。 | 书院 |
| 中间1/3 | 看到如此混乱的局面贵宾会觉得十分困惑。 | 贵宾 | |
| 后1/3 | 这些村民对这个不速之客的面容充满兴趣。 | 面容 |
表2所有实验条件在4个回视指标上的描述统计结果[M (SD)]
| 回视条件 | 词频 | 目标词位置 | 最初回视误差 | 最初回视大小 | 累积回视距离 | 回视反应时 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 阅读组 | 高频词 | 前1/3 | 248.97 (68.38) | 436.42 (71.52) | 26.74 (3.45) | 2012 (736) |
| 中间1/3 | 159.26 (36.31) | 410.63 (63.76) | 23.87 (3.05) | 1804 (577) | ||
| 后1/3 | 116.20 (41.41) | 373.39 (67.86) | 22.23 (5.38) | 1613 (471) | ||
| 低频词 | 前1/3 | 252.84 (71.40) | 432.07 (73.97) | 26.35 (3.96) | 1906 (812) | |
| 中间1/3 | 143.39 (32.19) | 410.57 (47.71) | 23.00 (3.91) | 1863 (642) | ||
| 后1/3 | 112.11 (36.49) | 353.59 (73.56) | 20.68 (5.69) | 1688 (591) | ||
| 不阅读组 | 高频词 | 前1/3 | 317.02 (122.25) | 375.64 (137.14) | 30.57 (5.63) | 2234 (743) |
| 中间1/3 | 202.17 (66.28) | 387.95 (138.31) | 30.52 (9.20) | 1894 (570) | ||
| 后1/3 | 158.15 (100.56) | 396.33 (151.15) | 29.96 (9.66) | 1756 (680) | ||
| 低频词 | 前1/3 | 310.23 (114.87) | 376.61 (122.86) | 30.97 (6.54) | 2240 (922) | |
| 中间1/3 | 211.48 (61.01) | 368.88 (143.83) | 28.52 (6.78) | 1858 (506) | ||
| 后1/3 | 159.76 (81.62) | 402.25 (125.88) | 30.91 (9.86) | 1925 (607) |
表2所有实验条件在4个回视指标上的描述统计结果[M (SD)]
| 回视条件 | 词频 | 目标词位置 | 最初回视误差 | 最初回视大小 | 累积回视距离 | 回视反应时 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 阅读组 | 高频词 | 前1/3 | 248.97 (68.38) | 436.42 (71.52) | 26.74 (3.45) | 2012 (736) |
| 中间1/3 | 159.26 (36.31) | 410.63 (63.76) | 23.87 (3.05) | 1804 (577) | ||
| 后1/3 | 116.20 (41.41) | 373.39 (67.86) | 22.23 (5.38) | 1613 (471) | ||
| 低频词 | 前1/3 | 252.84 (71.40) | 432.07 (73.97) | 26.35 (3.96) | 1906 (812) | |
| 中间1/3 | 143.39 (32.19) | 410.57 (47.71) | 23.00 (3.91) | 1863 (642) | ||
| 后1/3 | 112.11 (36.49) | 353.59 (73.56) | 20.68 (5.69) | 1688 (591) | ||
| 不阅读组 | 高频词 | 前1/3 | 317.02 (122.25) | 375.64 (137.14) | 30.57 (5.63) | 2234 (743) |
| 中间1/3 | 202.17 (66.28) | 387.95 (138.31) | 30.52 (9.20) | 1894 (570) | ||
| 后1/3 | 158.15 (100.56) | 396.33 (151.15) | 29.96 (9.66) | 1756 (680) | ||
| 低频词 | 前1/3 | 310.23 (114.87) | 376.61 (122.86) | 30.97 (6.54) | 2240 (922) | |
| 中间1/3 | 211.48 (61.01) | 368.88 (143.83) | 28.52 (6.78) | 1858 (506) | ||
| 后1/3 | 159.76 (81.62) | 402.25 (125.88) | 30.91 (9.86) | 1925 (607) |
表3所有实验条件在4个回视指标上的描述统计结果[M (SD)]
| 回视可见性 | 词频 | 目标词位置 | 最初回视误差 | 最初回视大小 | 累积回视距离 | 回视反应时 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 可见组 | 高频词 | 前1/3 | 275.31 (68.10) | 391.23 (70.06) | 23.76 (1.83) | 1827 (509) |
| 中间1/3 | 152.24 (35.71) | 392.74 (67.56) | 22.12 (3.61) | 1663 (495) | ||
| 后1/3 | 93.53 (33.36) | 338.96 (58.62) | 18.24 (3.49) | 1498 (437) | ||
| 低频词 | 前1/3 | 266.58 (94.40) | 401.30 (98.54) | 23.82 (2.56) | 1802(523) | |
| 中间1/3 | 162.93 (33.67) | 364.83 (44.58) | 19.92 (2.36) | 1666 (563) | ||
| 后1/3 | 95.89 (32.92) | 325.91 (64.63) | 18.21 (4.53) | 1579 (472) | ||
| 不可见组 | 高频词 | 前1/3 | 171.12 (85.65) | 502.00 (92.73) | 23.01 (2.97) | 1948 (504) |
| 中间1/3 | 133.78 (40.28) | 449.99 (65.31) | 22.61 (4.20) | 2207 (583) | ||
| 后1/3 | 124.27 (56.12) | 354.42 (91.77) | 19.50 (5.53) | 2005 (423) | ||
| 低频词 | 前1/3 | 150.41 (68.04) | 524.20 (75.08) | 23.57 (2.85) | 1938 (488) | |
| 中间1/3 | 136.38 (50.09) | 438.34 (80.93) | 22.48 (3.73) | 2058 (584) | ||
| 后1/3 | 126.82 (48.44) | 353.43 (67.54) | 20.48 (5.39) | 2049 (552) |
表3所有实验条件在4个回视指标上的描述统计结果[M (SD)]
| 回视可见性 | 词频 | 目标词位置 | 最初回视误差 | 最初回视大小 | 累积回视距离 | 回视反应时 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 可见组 | 高频词 | 前1/3 | 275.31 (68.10) | 391.23 (70.06) | 23.76 (1.83) | 1827 (509) |
| 中间1/3 | 152.24 (35.71) | 392.74 (67.56) | 22.12 (3.61) | 1663 (495) | ||
| 后1/3 | 93.53 (33.36) | 338.96 (58.62) | 18.24 (3.49) | 1498 (437) | ||
| 低频词 | 前1/3 | 266.58 (94.40) | 401.30 (98.54) | 23.82 (2.56) | 1802(523) | |
| 中间1/3 | 162.93 (33.67) | 364.83 (44.58) | 19.92 (2.36) | 1666 (563) | ||
| 后1/3 | 95.89 (32.92) | 325.91 (64.63) | 18.21 (4.53) | 1579 (472) | ||
| 不可见组 | 高频词 | 前1/3 | 171.12 (85.65) | 502.00 (92.73) | 23.01 (2.97) | 1948 (504) |
| 中间1/3 | 133.78 (40.28) | 449.99 (65.31) | 22.61 (4.20) | 2207 (583) | ||
| 后1/3 | 124.27 (56.12) | 354.42 (91.77) | 19.50 (5.53) | 2005 (423) | ||
| 低频词 | 前1/3 | 150.41 (68.04) | 524.20 (75.08) | 23.57 (2.85) | 1938 (488) | |
| 中间1/3 | 136.38 (50.09) | 438.34 (80.93) | 22.48 (3.73) | 2058 (584) | ||
| 后1/3 | 126.82 (48.44) | 353.43 (67.54) | 20.48 (5.39) | 2049 (552) |
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