) 1 福建师范大学心理学院, 福州 350117
2 三明学院教育与音乐学院, 福建 三明 365004
收稿日期:2019-05-17出版日期:2020-06-25发布日期:2020-04-22通讯作者:孟迎芳E-mail:175695016@qq.com基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金青年项目(31800906);2018年福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2018J01719)Effects of target detection on memory retrieval
HUANG Yanqing1,2, MENG Yingfang1() 1 School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
2 School of Education and Music, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
Received:2019-05-17Online:2020-06-25Published:2020-04-22Contact:MENG Yingfang E-mail:175695016@qq.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 采用经典的“学习-再认”范式, 在测验阶段设置了目标探测的干扰任务, 通过比较目标探测和分心拒绝是否会对记忆提取产生不同的影响, 以进一步探讨提取干扰与再认记忆之间的关系。结果发现, 无论对目标进行显性(实验1)还是隐性(实验2)的探测反应, 目标探测下旧词的再认反应均要比分心拒绝下更优, 表明外显记忆的提取也会受到注意资源的调节。但更为重要的是, 在辨别力指数(d′)及判断标准(C)上的差异分析发现, 目标探测并没有提高被试的再认水平, 而是降低了被试的判断标准, 使得被试在目标探测条件下更容易对词做出“旧”反应。这种反应倾向与目标探测的动作反应方式无关, 也不受词汇的编码加工水平深浅的调节。由此可见, 外显记忆提取并非完全的“自动化加工”, 仍会受到注意资源的调节。
图/表 3
表1按键反应下的再认反应时(ms)和正确率
| 指标 | 深加工旧词 | 浅加工旧词 | 新词 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 目标探测 | 分心拒绝 | 目标探测 | 分心拒绝 | 目标探测 | 分心拒绝 | |
| 反应时 | 798 (206) | 929 (233) | 824 (246) | 891 (255) | 987 (315) | 892 (233) |
| 正确率 | 0.81 (0.14) | 0.61 (0.20) | 0.57 (0.18) | 0.34 (0.19) | 0.60 (0.21) | 0.77 (0.19) |
表1按键反应下的再认反应时(ms)和正确率
| 指标 | 深加工旧词 | 浅加工旧词 | 新词 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 目标探测 | 分心拒绝 | 目标探测 | 分心拒绝 | 目标探测 | 分心拒绝 | |
| 反应时 | 798 (206) | 929 (233) | 824 (246) | 891 (255) | 987 (315) | 892 (233) |
| 正确率 | 0.81 (0.14) | 0.61 (0.20) | 0.57 (0.18) | 0.34 (0.19) | 0.60 (0.21) | 0.77 (0.19) |
表2实验1和实验2各类旧词的辨别力d′及判断标准C
| 条件类型 | 实验1 | 实验2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| d′ | C | d′ | C | |
| 深加工目标词 | 1.32 (0.82) | -0.32 (0.44) | 1.51 (0.72) | -0.38 (0.46) |
| 深加工分心词 | 1.23 (0.92) | 0.30 (0.45) | 1.36 (0.76) | 0.31 (0.52) |
| 浅加工目标词 | 0.55 (0.35) | 0.07 (0.57) | 1.50 (0.39) | 0.13 (0.58) |
| 浅加工分心词 | 0.48 (0.56) | 0.68 (0.57) | 1.37 (0.54) | 0.81 (0.47) |
表2实验1和实验2各类旧词的辨别力d′及判断标准C
| 条件类型 | 实验1 | 实验2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| d′ | C | d′ | C | |
| 深加工目标词 | 1.32 (0.82) | -0.32 (0.44) | 1.51 (0.72) | -0.38 (0.46) |
| 深加工分心词 | 1.23 (0.92) | 0.30 (0.45) | 1.36 (0.76) | 0.31 (0.52) |
| 浅加工目标词 | 0.55 (0.35) | 0.07 (0.57) | 1.50 (0.39) | 0.13 (0.58) |
| 浅加工分心词 | 0.48 (0.56) | 0.68 (0.57) | 1.37 (0.54) | 0.81 (0.47) |
表3计数条件下的再认反应时(ms)和正确率
| 指标 | 深加工旧词 | 浅加工旧词 | 新词 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 目标探测 | 分心拒绝 | 目标探测 | 分心拒绝 | 目标探测 | 分心拒绝 | |
| 反应时 | 736 (188) | 814 (219) | 785 (235) | 887 (280) | 871 (210) | 808 (257) |
| 正确率 | 0.85 (0.11) | 0.61 (0.21) | 0.54 (0.19) | 0.28 (0.14) | 0.62 (0.22) | 0.80 (0.13) |
表3计数条件下的再认反应时(ms)和正确率
| 指标 | 深加工旧词 | 浅加工旧词 | 新词 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 目标探测 | 分心拒绝 | 目标探测 | 分心拒绝 | 目标探测 | 分心拒绝 | |
| 反应时 | 736 (188) | 814 (219) | 785 (235) | 887 (280) | 871 (210) | 808 (257) |
| 正确率 | 0.85 (0.11) | 0.61 (0.21) | 0.54 (0.19) | 0.28 (0.14) | 0.62 (0.22) | 0.80 (0.13) |
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