) 陕西师范大学心理学院; 陕西省行为与认知神经科学重点实验室, 陕西省儿童青少年心理与行为健康重点研究中心, 西安 710062
收稿日期:2019-09-25出版日期:2020-06-25发布日期:2020-04-22通讯作者:吕薇E-mail:lvwei@snnu.edu.cn;xuan006@126.com基金资助:* 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(面上项目)(2019JM-463);中央高校基本科研业务费重点项目(GK201802020)Differential effects of avoidance and approach negative personality traits on patterns of stress cardiovascular responses
Lü Wei() School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an 710062, China
Received:2019-09-25Online:2020-06-25Published:2020-04-22Contact:Lü Wei E-mail:lvwei@snnu.edu.cn;xuan006@126.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 本研究考察了回避与趋近性负性特质对不同强度心理社会应激刺激重复暴露的心血管反应、应激后心血管反应恢复、重复应激心血管反应的影响, 并探讨了应激认知评价在其中的作用。167名大学生被试被随机分配到中/高强度应激条件中, 连续采集其在基线期、首次应激期、恢复期、重复应激期四个阶段的心血管反应数据。结果发现: (1)无论应激强度如何, 回避性负性特质预测首次和重复应激中较低(钝化)的心血管反应和应激后较差的恢复, 而趋近性负性特质预测较大的心血管反应和应激后较差的恢复。(2)重复应激个人资源感知在回避性负性特质与重复应激心率反应之间起中介作用。因此, 回避性负性特质与持续较低(钝化)的应激心血管反应和应激后较差的恢复相联系, 而趋近性负性特质与较大的应激心血管反应和应激后较差的恢复相联系, 即两类负性特质均表现出不适应的固化的应激心血管反应模式, 这可能构成了两类不同负性特质增加罹患心血管疾病风险的生理机制。
图/表 10
图1中/高强度心理社会应激条件下的实验流程示意图 注: HR—心率; BP—血压(SBP = 收缩压, DBP = 舒张压); 情绪主观报告: 愉悦度、唤醒度; 应激认知评价: 初级评价(应激需求)、次级评价(个人资源)。
图1中/高强度心理社会应激条件下的实验流程示意图 注: HR—心率; BP—血压(SBP = 收缩压, DBP = 舒张压); 情绪主观报告: 愉悦度、唤醒度; 应激认知评价: 初级评价(应激需求)、次级评价(个人资源)。表1不同强度心理社会应激条件下各实验阶段情绪体验、认知评价、心血管参数的描述统计(M ± SD)
| 变量 | 基线期 | 首次应激暴露期 | 恢复期 | 重复应激暴露期 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 中强度心理社会应激 | |||||||
| 情绪愉悦度 | 4.99 (0.76) | 4.39 (1.45) | 4.94 (0.87) | 4.57 (1.42) | |||
| 情绪唤醒度 | 3.83 (1.48) | 6.24 (1.23) | 4.18 (1.34) | 5.55 (1.40) | |||
| 任务需求 | - | 4.63 (0.87) | - | 4.42 (0.94) | |||
| 个体资源 | - | 3.62 (0.94) | - | 4.13 (0.94) | |||
| 威胁指数 | - | 1.41 (0.59) | - | 1.15 (0.44) | |||
| 心率(bpm) | 75.89 (9.61) | 89.23 (12.53) | 76.25 (9.02) | 86.09 (10.84) | |||
| 收缩压(mmHg) | 106.00 (14.71) | 121.01 (18.87) | 106.71 (14.31) | 116.66 (18.41) | |||
| 舒张压(mmHg) | 70.10 (9.09) | 78.12 (9.48) | 70.95 (9.16) | 76.54 (9.61) | |||
| 高强度心理社会应激 | |||||||
| 情绪愉悦度 | 5.22 (0.91) | 3.88 (1.56) | 4.70 (0.97) | 4.05 (1.49) | |||
| 情绪唤醒度 | 3.77 (1.60) | 6.78 (1.12) | 4.46 (1.47) | 6.27 (1.36) | |||
| 任务需求 | - | 4.97 (0.78) | - | 4.71 (0.80) | |||
| 个体资源 | - | 3.25 (1.11) | - | 3.82 (1.07) | |||
| 威胁指数 | - | 1.76 (0.88) | - | 1.41 (0.81) | |||
| 心率(bpm) | 77.65 (11.45) | 95.99 (14.89) | 78.34 (12.33) | 94.22 (15.44) | |||
| 收缩压(mmHg) | 109.67 (14.54) | 127.36 (18.76) | 111.89 (14.92) | 126.37 (18.51) | |||
| 舒张压(mmHg) | 72.16 (10.18) | 81.61 (10.50) | 74.02 (9.87) | 81.25 (10.73) | |||
表1不同强度心理社会应激条件下各实验阶段情绪体验、认知评价、心血管参数的描述统计(M ± SD)
| 变量 | 基线期 | 首次应激暴露期 | 恢复期 | 重复应激暴露期 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 中强度心理社会应激 | |||||||
| 情绪愉悦度 | 4.99 (0.76) | 4.39 (1.45) | 4.94 (0.87) | 4.57 (1.42) | |||
| 情绪唤醒度 | 3.83 (1.48) | 6.24 (1.23) | 4.18 (1.34) | 5.55 (1.40) | |||
| 任务需求 | - | 4.63 (0.87) | - | 4.42 (0.94) | |||
| 个体资源 | - | 3.62 (0.94) | - | 4.13 (0.94) | |||
| 威胁指数 | - | 1.41 (0.59) | - | 1.15 (0.44) | |||
| 心率(bpm) | 75.89 (9.61) | 89.23 (12.53) | 76.25 (9.02) | 86.09 (10.84) | |||
| 收缩压(mmHg) | 106.00 (14.71) | 121.01 (18.87) | 106.71 (14.31) | 116.66 (18.41) | |||
| 舒张压(mmHg) | 70.10 (9.09) | 78.12 (9.48) | 70.95 (9.16) | 76.54 (9.61) | |||
| 高强度心理社会应激 | |||||||
| 情绪愉悦度 | 5.22 (0.91) | 3.88 (1.56) | 4.70 (0.97) | 4.05 (1.49) | |||
| 情绪唤醒度 | 3.77 (1.60) | 6.78 (1.12) | 4.46 (1.47) | 6.27 (1.36) | |||
| 任务需求 | - | 4.97 (0.78) | - | 4.71 (0.80) | |||
| 个体资源 | - | 3.25 (1.11) | - | 3.82 (1.07) | |||
| 威胁指数 | - | 1.76 (0.88) | - | 1.41 (0.81) | |||
| 心率(bpm) | 77.65 (11.45) | 95.99 (14.89) | 78.34 (12.33) | 94.22 (15.44) | |||
| 收缩压(mmHg) | 109.67 (14.54) | 127.36 (18.76) | 111.89 (14.92) | 126.37 (18.51) | |||
| 舒张压(mmHg) | 72.16 (10.18) | 81.61 (10.50) | 74.02 (9.87) | 81.25 (10.73) | |||
图2应激心理生理反应变化趋势图
图2应激心理生理反应变化趋势图表2研究变量之间的相关
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表2研究变量之间的相关
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图3研究变量核心相关结果散点图 注: 图中实线表示拟合线, 虚线表示95% CI
图3研究变量核心相关结果散点图 注: 图中实线表示拟合线, 虚线表示95% CI表3回避性负性特质与应激强度对首次和重复应激心血管反应性及反应适应量的预测
| 预测变量 | 心率反应性1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |
| Step 1 | 0.11 | |||||
| 应激强度 | 2.19 | 0.75 | [0.72, 3.67] | 0.22 | 2.94** | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -2.10 | 0.75 | [-3.58, -0.63] | -0.21 | -2.81** | |
| Step 2 | 0.01 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -1.02 | 0.75 | [-2.52, 0.46] | -0.10 | -1.36 | |
| Total R2 = 0.12, F(3,162) = 7.34*** | ||||||
| 心率反应性2 | ||||||
| Step 1 | 0.12 | |||||
| 应激强度 | 2.90 | 0.75 | [1.41, 4.40] | 0.29 | 3.84*** | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -1.49 | 0.76 | [-2.99, 0.01] | -0.15 | -1.96? | |
| Step 2 | 0.03 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -1.87 | 0.76 | [-3.37, -0.36] | -0.18 | -2.45* | |
| Total R2 = 0.15, F(3,160) = 9.34*** | ||||||
| 心率反应适应量 | ||||||
| Step 1 | 0.03 | |||||
| 应激强度 | -0.84 | 0.46 | [-1.74, 0.07] | -0.14 | -1.84? | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -0.58 | 0.47 | [-1.48, 0.33] | -0.10 | -1.27 | |
| Step 2 | 0.01 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | 0.78 | 0.45 | [-0.12, 1.70] | 0.13 | 1.70 | |
| Total R2 = 0.04, F(3,160) = 2.41? | ||||||
| 收缩压反应性1 | ||||||
| b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |
| Step 1 | 0.08 | |||||
| 应激强度 | 1.11 | 0.72 | [-0.32, 2.53] | 0.12 | 1.53 | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -2.28 | 0.73 | [-3.71, -0.85] | -0.24 | -3.14** | |
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -0.31 | 0.73 | [-1.75, 1.13] | -0.03 | -0.43 | |
| Total R2 = 0.08, F(3,161) = 4.87** | ||||||
| 收缩压反应性 2 | ||||||
| Step 1 | 0.09 | |||||
| 应激强度 | 2.76 | 0.83 | [1.11, 4.40] | 0.25 | 3.30** | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -1.23 | 0.84 | [-2.87, 0.44] | -0.11 | -1.47 | |
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | 0.11 | 0.84 | [-1.53, 1.78] | 0.01 | 0.13 | |
| Total R2 = 0.09, F(3,159) = 5.10** | ||||||
| 收缩压反应适应量 | ||||||
| Step 1 | 0.06 | |||||
| 应激强度 | -1.84 | 0.60 | [-3.02, -0.66] | -0.24 | -3.07** | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -0.89 | 0.60 | [-2.07, 0.30] | -0.12 | -1.47 | |
| Step 2 | 0.01 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -0.60 | 0.60 | [-1.79, 0.60] | -0.08 | -0.99 | |
| Total R2 = 0.07, F(3,158) = 3.77* | ||||||
| 舒张压反应性1 | ||||||
| b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |
| Step 1 | 0.14 | |||||
| 应激强度 | 0.50 | 0.27 | [-0.03, 1.04] | 0.14 | 1.87? | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -1.18 | 0.27 | [-1.72, -0.65] | -0.32 | -4.36*** | |
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -0.10 | 0.27 | [-0.64, 0.44] | -0.03 | -0.38 | |
| Total R2 = 0.14, F(3,161) = 8.79*** | ||||||
| 舒张压反应性2 | ||||||
| Step 1 | 0.12 | |||||
| 应激强度 | 0.88 | 0.57 | [-0.25, 2.00] | 0.12 | 1.54 | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -2.29 | 0.56 | [-3.41, -1.16] | -0.30 | -4.02*** | |
| Step 2 | 0.01 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -0.75 | 0.57 | [-1.87, 0.40] | -0.10 | -1.31 | |
| Total R2 = 0.13, F(3,162) = 7.72*** | ||||||
| 舒张压反应适应量 | ||||||
| Step 1 | 0.01 | |||||
| 应激强度 | -0.20 | 0.55 | [-1.29, 0.89] | -0.03 | -0.36 | |
| 回避性负性特质 | 0.51 | 0.56 | [-0.59, 1.61] | 0.07 | 0.92 | |
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -0.07 | 0.56 | [-1.18, 1.03] | -0.01 | -0.13 | |
| Total R2 = 0.01, F(3,161) = 0.38 | ||||||
表3回避性负性特质与应激强度对首次和重复应激心血管反应性及反应适应量的预测
| 预测变量 | 心率反应性1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |
| Step 1 | 0.11 | |||||
| 应激强度 | 2.19 | 0.75 | [0.72, 3.67] | 0.22 | 2.94** | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -2.10 | 0.75 | [-3.58, -0.63] | -0.21 | -2.81** | |
| Step 2 | 0.01 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -1.02 | 0.75 | [-2.52, 0.46] | -0.10 | -1.36 | |
| Total R2 = 0.12, F(3,162) = 7.34*** | ||||||
| 心率反应性2 | ||||||
| Step 1 | 0.12 | |||||
| 应激强度 | 2.90 | 0.75 | [1.41, 4.40] | 0.29 | 3.84*** | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -1.49 | 0.76 | [-2.99, 0.01] | -0.15 | -1.96? | |
| Step 2 | 0.03 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -1.87 | 0.76 | [-3.37, -0.36] | -0.18 | -2.45* | |
| Total R2 = 0.15, F(3,160) = 9.34*** | ||||||
| 心率反应适应量 | ||||||
| Step 1 | 0.03 | |||||
| 应激强度 | -0.84 | 0.46 | [-1.74, 0.07] | -0.14 | -1.84? | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -0.58 | 0.47 | [-1.48, 0.33] | -0.10 | -1.27 | |
| Step 2 | 0.01 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | 0.78 | 0.45 | [-0.12, 1.70] | 0.13 | 1.70 | |
| Total R2 = 0.04, F(3,160) = 2.41? | ||||||
| 收缩压反应性1 | ||||||
| b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |
| Step 1 | 0.08 | |||||
| 应激强度 | 1.11 | 0.72 | [-0.32, 2.53] | 0.12 | 1.53 | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -2.28 | 0.73 | [-3.71, -0.85] | -0.24 | -3.14** | |
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -0.31 | 0.73 | [-1.75, 1.13] | -0.03 | -0.43 | |
| Total R2 = 0.08, F(3,161) = 4.87** | ||||||
| 收缩压反应性 2 | ||||||
| Step 1 | 0.09 | |||||
| 应激强度 | 2.76 | 0.83 | [1.11, 4.40] | 0.25 | 3.30** | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -1.23 | 0.84 | [-2.87, 0.44] | -0.11 | -1.47 | |
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | 0.11 | 0.84 | [-1.53, 1.78] | 0.01 | 0.13 | |
| Total R2 = 0.09, F(3,159) = 5.10** | ||||||
| 收缩压反应适应量 | ||||||
| Step 1 | 0.06 | |||||
| 应激强度 | -1.84 | 0.60 | [-3.02, -0.66] | -0.24 | -3.07** | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -0.89 | 0.60 | [-2.07, 0.30] | -0.12 | -1.47 | |
| Step 2 | 0.01 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -0.60 | 0.60 | [-1.79, 0.60] | -0.08 | -0.99 | |
| Total R2 = 0.07, F(3,158) = 3.77* | ||||||
| 舒张压反应性1 | ||||||
| b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |
| Step 1 | 0.14 | |||||
| 应激强度 | 0.50 | 0.27 | [-0.03, 1.04] | 0.14 | 1.87? | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -1.18 | 0.27 | [-1.72, -0.65] | -0.32 | -4.36*** | |
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -0.10 | 0.27 | [-0.64, 0.44] | -0.03 | -0.38 | |
| Total R2 = 0.14, F(3,161) = 8.79*** | ||||||
| 舒张压反应性2 | ||||||
| Step 1 | 0.12 | |||||
| 应激强度 | 0.88 | 0.57 | [-0.25, 2.00] | 0.12 | 1.54 | |
| 回避性负性特质 | -2.29 | 0.56 | [-3.41, -1.16] | -0.30 | -4.02*** | |
| Step 2 | 0.01 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -0.75 | 0.57 | [-1.87, 0.40] | -0.10 | -1.31 | |
| Total R2 = 0.13, F(3,162) = 7.72*** | ||||||
| 舒张压反应适应量 | ||||||
| Step 1 | 0.01 | |||||
| 应激强度 | -0.20 | 0.55 | [-1.29, 0.89] | -0.03 | -0.36 | |
| 回避性负性特质 | 0.51 | 0.56 | [-0.59, 1.61] | 0.07 | 0.92 | |
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -0.07 | 0.56 | [-1.18, 1.03] | -0.01 | -0.13 | |
| Total R2 = 0.01, F(3,161) = 0.38 | ||||||
表4回避性负性特质与应激强度对应激后心血管反应恢复性的预测
| 预测变量 | b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 心率恢复性 | |||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.08 | ||||||||
| 心率反应性1 | 0.14 | 0.32 | [0.70, 0.20] | 0.33 | 4.12*** | ||||
| Step 2 | 0.03 | ||||||||
| 应激强度 | -0.12 | 0.31 | [-0.75, 0.50] | -0.03 | -0.39 | ||||
| 回避性负性特质 | 0.71 | 0.32 | [0.08, 1.33] | 0.17 | 2.23* | ||||
| Step 3 | 0.003 | ||||||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -0.25 | 0.31 | [-0.86, 0.37] | -0.06 | -0.79 | ||||
| Total R2 = 0.12, F(4,159) = 5.15** | |||||||||
| 收缩压恢复性 | |||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.13 | ||||||||
| 收缩压反应性1 | 0.19 | 0.04 | [0.10, 0.27] | 0.34 | 4.48*** | ||||
| Step 2 | 0.02 | ||||||||
| 应激强度 | 0.81 | 0.38 | [0.05, 1.56] | 0.16 | 2.11* | ||||
| 回避性负性特质 | 0.16 | 0.39 | [-0.61, 0.94] | 0.03 | 0.42 | ||||
| Step 3 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | 0.16 | 0.38 | [-0.59, 0.92] | 0.03 | 0.42 | ||||
| Total R2 = 0.15, F(4,160) = 7.17*** | |||||||||
| 舒张压恢复性 | |||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.20 | ||||||||
| 舒张压反应性1 | 0.35 | 0.06 | [0.24, 0.46] | 0.47 | 6.36*** | ||||
| Step 2 | 0.03 | ||||||||
| 应激强度 | 0.33 | 0.19 | [-0.05, 0.70] | 0.12 | 1.70? | ||||
| 回避性负性特质 | 0.36 | 0.20 | [-0.04, 0.75] | 0.13 | 1.78? | ||||
| Step 3 | 0.007 | ||||||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | 0.22 | 0.19 | [-0.15, 0.60] | 0.08 | 1.18 | ||||
| Total R2 = 0.24, F(4,160) = 12.27*** | |||||||||
表4回避性负性特质与应激强度对应激后心血管反应恢复性的预测
| 预测变量 | b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 心率恢复性 | |||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.08 | ||||||||
| 心率反应性1 | 0.14 | 0.32 | [0.70, 0.20] | 0.33 | 4.12*** | ||||
| Step 2 | 0.03 | ||||||||
| 应激强度 | -0.12 | 0.31 | [-0.75, 0.50] | -0.03 | -0.39 | ||||
| 回避性负性特质 | 0.71 | 0.32 | [0.08, 1.33] | 0.17 | 2.23* | ||||
| Step 3 | 0.003 | ||||||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | -0.25 | 0.31 | [-0.86, 0.37] | -0.06 | -0.79 | ||||
| Total R2 = 0.12, F(4,159) = 5.15** | |||||||||
| 收缩压恢复性 | |||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.13 | ||||||||
| 收缩压反应性1 | 0.19 | 0.04 | [0.10, 0.27] | 0.34 | 4.48*** | ||||
| Step 2 | 0.02 | ||||||||
| 应激强度 | 0.81 | 0.38 | [0.05, 1.56] | 0.16 | 2.11* | ||||
| 回避性负性特质 | 0.16 | 0.39 | [-0.61, 0.94] | 0.03 | 0.42 | ||||
| Step 3 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | 0.16 | 0.38 | [-0.59, 0.92] | 0.03 | 0.42 | ||||
| Total R2 = 0.15, F(4,160) = 7.17*** | |||||||||
| 舒张压恢复性 | |||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.20 | ||||||||
| 舒张压反应性1 | 0.35 | 0.06 | [0.24, 0.46] | 0.47 | 6.36*** | ||||
| Step 2 | 0.03 | ||||||||
| 应激强度 | 0.33 | 0.19 | [-0.05, 0.70] | 0.12 | 1.70? | ||||
| 回避性负性特质 | 0.36 | 0.20 | [-0.04, 0.75] | 0.13 | 1.78? | ||||
| Step 3 | 0.007 | ||||||||
| 应激强度×回避性负性特质 | 0.22 | 0.19 | [-0.15, 0.60] | 0.08 | 1.18 | ||||
| Total R2 = 0.24, F(4,160) = 12.27*** | |||||||||
表5趋近性负性特质与应激强度对首次和重复应激心血管反应性及反应适应量的预测
| 预测变量 | 心率反应性1 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |||||
| Step 1 | 0.16 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | 2.62 | 0.72 | [1.21, 4.04] | 0.26 | 3.66*** | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 3.04 | 0.72 | [1.61, 4.47] | 0.31 | 4.20*** | |||||
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | -0.19 | 0.73 | [-1.62, 1.25] | -0.02 | -0.26 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.16, F(3,162) = 10.27*** | ||||||||||
| 心率反应性 2 | ||||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.16 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | 3.26 | 0.74 | [1.79, 4.72] | 0.32 | 4.40*** | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 2.55 | 0.75 | [1.06, 4.04] | 0.25 | 3.39** | |||||
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.01 | 0.76 | [-1.48, 1.51] | 0.001 | 0.02 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.16, F(3,160) = 10.03*** | ||||||||||
| 心率反应适应量 | ||||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.02 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | -0.73 | 0.45 | [-1.62, 0.17] | -0.13 | -1.60 | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 0.34 | 0.46 | [-0.57, 1.25] | 0.06 | 0.74 | |||||
| Step 2 | 0.003 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | -0.30 | 0.46 | [-1.22, 0.62] | -0.05 | -0.65 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.02, F(3,160) = 1.16 | ||||||||||
| 收缩压反应性1 | ||||||||||
| b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |||||
| Step 1 | 0.08 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | 1.53 | 0.71 | [0.13, 2.93] | 0.16 | 2.16* | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 2.00 | 0.73 | [0.55, 3.42] | 0.21 | 2.73** | |||||
| Step 2 | 0.009 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.91 | 0.73 | [-0.53, 2.36] | 0.10 | 1.25 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.09, F(3,161) = 5.11** | ||||||||||
| 收缩压反应性 2 | ||||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.12 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | 3.04 | 0.81 | [1.44, 4.64] | 0.28 | 3.76*** | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 2.19 | 0.82 | [0.57, 3.82] | 0.20 | 2.67** | |||||
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.24 | 0.82 | [-1.39, 1.87] | 0.02 | 0.29 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.13, F(3,159) = 7.04*** | ||||||||||
| 收缩压反应适应量 | ||||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.04 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | -1.67 | 0.59 | [-2.84, -0.49] | -0.22 | -2.81** | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | -0.16 | 0.61 | [-1.37, 1.05] | -0.02 | -0.27 | |||||
| Step 2 | 0.01 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.59 | 0.62 | [-0.63, 1.81] | 0.08 | 0.96 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.05, F(3,158) = 2.98* | ||||||||||
| 舒张压反应性1 | ||||||||||
| b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |||||
| Step 1 | 0.05 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | 0.72 | 0.28 | [0.17, 1.27] | 0.20 | 2.57* | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 0.38 | 0.29 | [-0.19, 0.94] | 0.10 | 1.32 | |||||
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.08 | 0.29 | [-0.49, 0.65] | 0.02 | 0.28 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.05, F(3,161) = 2.87* | ||||||||||
| 舒张压反应性2 | ||||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.05 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | 1.29 | 0.58 | [0.14, 2.44] | 0.17 | 2.21* | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | -0.80 | 0.59 | [-1.96, 0.37] | -0.11 | -1.35 | |||||
| Step 2 | 0.004 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | -0.47 | 0.59 | [-1.63, 0.69] | -0.06 | -0.79 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.05, F(3,162) = 2.62? | ||||||||||
| 舒张压反应适应量 | ||||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.01 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | -0.29 | 0.54 | [-1.36, 0.78] | -0.04 | -0.54 | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 0.68 | 0.56 | [-0.43, 1.78] | 0.10 | 1.21 | |||||
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | -0.15 | 0.56 | [-1.25, 0.96] | -0.02 | -0.26 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.01, F(3,161) = 0.59 | ||||||||||
表5趋近性负性特质与应激强度对首次和重复应激心血管反应性及反应适应量的预测
| 预测变量 | 心率反应性1 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |||||
| Step 1 | 0.16 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | 2.62 | 0.72 | [1.21, 4.04] | 0.26 | 3.66*** | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 3.04 | 0.72 | [1.61, 4.47] | 0.31 | 4.20*** | |||||
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | -0.19 | 0.73 | [-1.62, 1.25] | -0.02 | -0.26 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.16, F(3,162) = 10.27*** | ||||||||||
| 心率反应性 2 | ||||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.16 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | 3.26 | 0.74 | [1.79, 4.72] | 0.32 | 4.40*** | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 2.55 | 0.75 | [1.06, 4.04] | 0.25 | 3.39** | |||||
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.01 | 0.76 | [-1.48, 1.51] | 0.001 | 0.02 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.16, F(3,160) = 10.03*** | ||||||||||
| 心率反应适应量 | ||||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.02 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | -0.73 | 0.45 | [-1.62, 0.17] | -0.13 | -1.60 | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 0.34 | 0.46 | [-0.57, 1.25] | 0.06 | 0.74 | |||||
| Step 2 | 0.003 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | -0.30 | 0.46 | [-1.22, 0.62] | -0.05 | -0.65 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.02, F(3,160) = 1.16 | ||||||||||
| 收缩压反应性1 | ||||||||||
| b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |||||
| Step 1 | 0.08 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | 1.53 | 0.71 | [0.13, 2.93] | 0.16 | 2.16* | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 2.00 | 0.73 | [0.55, 3.42] | 0.21 | 2.73** | |||||
| Step 2 | 0.009 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.91 | 0.73 | [-0.53, 2.36] | 0.10 | 1.25 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.09, F(3,161) = 5.11** | ||||||||||
| 收缩压反应性 2 | ||||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.12 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | 3.04 | 0.81 | [1.44, 4.64] | 0.28 | 3.76*** | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 2.19 | 0.82 | [0.57, 3.82] | 0.20 | 2.67** | |||||
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.24 | 0.82 | [-1.39, 1.87] | 0.02 | 0.29 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.13, F(3,159) = 7.04*** | ||||||||||
| 收缩压反应适应量 | ||||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.04 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | -1.67 | 0.59 | [-2.84, -0.49] | -0.22 | -2.81** | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | -0.16 | 0.61 | [-1.37, 1.05] | -0.02 | -0.27 | |||||
| Step 2 | 0.01 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.59 | 0.62 | [-0.63, 1.81] | 0.08 | 0.96 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.05, F(3,158) = 2.98* | ||||||||||
| 舒张压反应性1 | ||||||||||
| b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | |||||
| Step 1 | 0.05 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | 0.72 | 0.28 | [0.17, 1.27] | 0.20 | 2.57* | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 0.38 | 0.29 | [-0.19, 0.94] | 0.10 | 1.32 | |||||
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.08 | 0.29 | [-0.49, 0.65] | 0.02 | 0.28 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.05, F(3,161) = 2.87* | ||||||||||
| 舒张压反应性2 | ||||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.05 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | 1.29 | 0.58 | [0.14, 2.44] | 0.17 | 2.21* | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | -0.80 | 0.59 | [-1.96, 0.37] | -0.11 | -1.35 | |||||
| Step 2 | 0.004 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | -0.47 | 0.59 | [-1.63, 0.69] | -0.06 | -0.79 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.05, F(3,162) = 2.62? | ||||||||||
| 舒张压反应适应量 | ||||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.01 | |||||||||
| 应激强度 | -0.29 | 0.54 | [-1.36, 0.78] | -0.04 | -0.54 | |||||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 0.68 | 0.56 | [-0.43, 1.78] | 0.10 | 1.21 | |||||
| Step 2 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | -0.15 | 0.56 | [-1.25, 0.96] | -0.02 | -0.26 | |||||
| Total R2 = 0.01, F(3,161) = 0.59 | ||||||||||
表6趋近性负性特质与应激强度对应激后心血管反应恢复性的预测
| 预测变量 | b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 心率恢复性 | ||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.08 | |||||||
| 心率反应性1 | 0.09 | 0.03 | [0.03, 0.15] | 0.22 | 2.73** | |||
| Step 2 | 0.06 | |||||||
| 应激强度 | -0.12 | 0.31 | [-0.74, 0.49] | -0.03 | -0.39 | |||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 1.03 | 0.32 | [0.40, 1.66] | 0.25 | 3.24** | |||
| Step 3 | 0.002 | |||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | -0.20 | 0.30 | [-0.80, 0.40] | -0.05 | -0.65 | |||
| Total R2 = 0.14, F(4,159) = 6.47*** | ||||||||
| 收缩压恢复性 | ||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.13 | |||||||
| 收缩压反应性1 | 0.16 | 0.04 | [0.07, 0.24] | 0.29 | 3.86*** | |||
| Step 2 | 0.05 | |||||||
| 应激强度 | 0.83 | 0.37 | [0.09, 1.56] | 0.16 | 2.21* | |||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 0.76 | 0.39 | [-0.002, 1.52] | 0.15 | 1.97? | |||
| Step 3 | 0.003 | |||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.28 | 0.38 | [-0.47, 1.04] | 0.06 | 0.74 | |||
| Total R2 = 0.18, F(4,160) = 8.55*** | ||||||||
| 舒张压恢复性 | ||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.20 | |||||||
| 舒张压反应性1 | 0.30 | 0.05 | [0.20, 0.41] | 0.41 | 5.80*** | |||
| Step 2 | 0.04 | |||||||
| 应激强度 | 0.29 | 0.18 | [-0.07, 0.67] | 0.11 | 1.58 | |||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 0.44 | 0.19 | [0.06, 0.81] | 0.16 | 2.31* | |||
| Step 3 | 0.003 | |||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.16 | 0.19 | [-0.21, 0.54] | 0.06 | 0.86 | |||
| Total R2 = 0.24, F(4,160) = 13.08*** | ||||||||
表6趋近性负性特质与应激强度对应激后心血管反应恢复性的预测
| 预测变量 | b | SE | 95% CI | β | t | △R2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 心率恢复性 | ||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.08 | |||||||
| 心率反应性1 | 0.09 | 0.03 | [0.03, 0.15] | 0.22 | 2.73** | |||
| Step 2 | 0.06 | |||||||
| 应激强度 | -0.12 | 0.31 | [-0.74, 0.49] | -0.03 | -0.39 | |||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 1.03 | 0.32 | [0.40, 1.66] | 0.25 | 3.24** | |||
| Step 3 | 0.002 | |||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | -0.20 | 0.30 | [-0.80, 0.40] | -0.05 | -0.65 | |||
| Total R2 = 0.14, F(4,159) = 6.47*** | ||||||||
| 收缩压恢复性 | ||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.13 | |||||||
| 收缩压反应性1 | 0.16 | 0.04 | [0.07, 0.24] | 0.29 | 3.86*** | |||
| Step 2 | 0.05 | |||||||
| 应激强度 | 0.83 | 0.37 | [0.09, 1.56] | 0.16 | 2.21* | |||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 0.76 | 0.39 | [-0.002, 1.52] | 0.15 | 1.97? | |||
| Step 3 | 0.003 | |||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.28 | 0.38 | [-0.47, 1.04] | 0.06 | 0.74 | |||
| Total R2 = 0.18, F(4,160) = 8.55*** | ||||||||
| 舒张压恢复性 | ||||||||
| Step 1 | 0.20 | |||||||
| 舒张压反应性1 | 0.30 | 0.05 | [0.20, 0.41] | 0.41 | 5.80*** | |||
| Step 2 | 0.04 | |||||||
| 应激强度 | 0.29 | 0.18 | [-0.07, 0.67] | 0.11 | 1.58 | |||
| 趋近性负性特质 | 0.44 | 0.19 | [0.06, 0.81] | 0.16 | 2.31* | |||
| Step 3 | 0.003 | |||||||
| 应激强度×趋近性负性特质 | 0.16 | 0.19 | [-0.21, 0.54] | 0.06 | 0.86 | |||
| Total R2 = 0.24, F(4,160) = 13.08*** | ||||||||
图4中介效应分析
图4中介效应分析参考文献 58
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