![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/images/email.png)
1 重庆市人文社科重点研究基地课程与教学研究基地
2 重庆师范大学应用心理学重点实验室, 重庆 401331
收稿日期:
2019-09-27出版日期:
2020-03-25发布日期:
2020-01-18通讯作者:
孟景E-mail:qufumj@qq.com基金资助:
* 重庆市教委人文社会科学科研项目资助(19JD025)Empathy for pain in Individuals with autistic traits influenced by attention cues: Evidence from an ERP study
LI Xiong1,2, LI Zuoshan2, XIANG Binyang2, MENG Jing1,2(![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/images/email.png)
1 Chongqing Research Institute of Curriculum and Instruction, School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
2 Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
Received:
2019-09-27Online:
2020-03-25Published:
2020-01-18Contact:
MENG Jing E-mail:qufumj@qq.com摘要/Abstract
摘要: 自闭特质个体在日常生活中表现出共情缺损, 但其程度较自闭症谱系障碍个体低, 并且注意线索和特异性的面孔加工可能会影响他们的共情加工进程。因此, 本研究采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术, 以疼痛面孔图片作为刺激材料, 让自闭特质组和控制组分别完成疼痛判断任务(该任务中被试的注意指向疼痛线索)和吸引力判断任务(该任务中被试的注意不指向疼痛线索)。结果发现, 相比控制组, 自闭特质组在吸引力判断任务中疼痛面孔图片诱发的P3波幅更大, 而在疼痛判断任务中两组没有显著差异。这表明注意线索会影响自闭特质个体对他人疼痛面孔的共情反应, 当自闭特质个体不注意他人面孔的疼痛线索时, 其疼痛共情能力会减弱。
图/表 8
表1被试年龄与AQ分数信息表
组别 | 年龄(岁) | AQ分数 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最小值 | 最大值 | M ± SD | t | p | 最小值 | 最大值 | M ± SD | t | p | |
自闭特质组 (男=15, 女=15) | 18 | 23 | 20.20 ± 1.35 | 1.23 | 0.224 | 27 | 35 | 29.80 ± 2.09 | 31.81 | < 0.001 |
控制组 (男=16, 女=14) | 18 | 23 | 19.77 ± 1.38 | 9 | 15 | 13.03 ± 1.99 |
表1被试年龄与AQ分数信息表
组别 | 年龄(岁) | AQ分数 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最小值 | 最大值 | M ± SD | t | p | 最小值 | 最大值 | M ± SD | t | p | |
自闭特质组 (男=15, 女=15) | 18 | 23 | 20.20 ± 1.35 | 1.23 | 0.224 | 27 | 35 | 29.80 ± 2.09 | 31.81 | < 0.001 |
控制组 (男=16, 女=14) | 18 | 23 | 19.77 ± 1.38 | 9 | 15 | 13.03 ± 1.99 |
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-3/Images/0439-755X-52-3-294/img_1.png)
图1实验所用材料图片示例(左列为疼痛图片, 右列为非疼痛图片)
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-3/Images/0439-755X-52-3-294/img_1.png)
表2刺激材料评估数据(M ± SD)
项目名称 | 疼痛图片 | 非疼痛图片 | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
疼痛程度 | 6.77 ± 0.24 | 1.50 ± 0.15 | 100.64 | < 0.001 |
吸引力程度 | 3.60 ± 0.29 | 3.67 ± 0.50 | -0.71 | 0.482 |
情绪效价 | 3.17 ± 0.16 | 3.39 ± 0.24 | -4.29 | < 0.001 |
情绪唤醒度 | 2.50 ± 0.17 | 2.45 ± 0.18 | 1.06 | 0.292 |
表2刺激材料评估数据(M ± SD)
项目名称 | 疼痛图片 | 非疼痛图片 | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
疼痛程度 | 6.77 ± 0.24 | 1.50 ± 0.15 | 100.64 | < 0.001 |
吸引力程度 | 3.60 ± 0.29 | 3.67 ± 0.50 | -0.71 | 0.482 |
情绪效价 | 3.17 ± 0.16 | 3.39 ± 0.24 | -4.29 | < 0.001 |
情绪唤醒度 | 2.50 ± 0.17 | 2.45 ± 0.18 | 1.06 | 0.292 |
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-3/Images/0439-755X-52-3-294/img_2.png)
图2实验流程图(上行为疼痛判断任务实验流程, 下行为吸引力判断任务实验流程)
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-3/Images/0439-755X-52-3-294/img_2.png)
表3行为数据描述统计(M ± SD)
组别 | 图片类型 | 反应时 | 主观等级评分 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
疼痛判断任务 | 吸引力判断任务 | 疼痛程度 | 吸引力程度 | 情绪反应 | ||
自闭特质组 | 疼痛图片 | 793.81 ± 332.36 | 802.16 ± 146.36 | 5.53 ± 1.36 | 3.44 ± 1.07 | 5.64 ± 0.99 |
非疼痛图片 | 763.97 ± 298.88 | 854.85 ± 213.89 | 1.85 ± 1.12 | 3.86 ± 1.28 | 5.12 ± 1.14 | |
控制组 | 疼痛图片 | 780.48 ± 275.31 | 772.02 ± 134.04 | 5.75 ± 1.34 | 3.58 ± 0.81 | 5.70 ± 0.66 |
非疼痛图片 | 770.85 ± 281.18 | 779.73 ± 138.93 | 1.78 ± 1.20 | 3.85 ± 1.01 | 5.16 ± 0.63 |
表3行为数据描述统计(M ± SD)
组别 | 图片类型 | 反应时 | 主观等级评分 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
疼痛判断任务 | 吸引力判断任务 | 疼痛程度 | 吸引力程度 | 情绪反应 | ||
自闭特质组 | 疼痛图片 | 793.81 ± 332.36 | 802.16 ± 146.36 | 5.53 ± 1.36 | 3.44 ± 1.07 | 5.64 ± 0.99 |
非疼痛图片 | 763.97 ± 298.88 | 854.85 ± 213.89 | 1.85 ± 1.12 | 3.86 ± 1.28 | 5.12 ± 1.14 | |
控制组 | 疼痛图片 | 780.48 ± 275.31 | 772.02 ± 134.04 | 5.75 ± 1.34 | 3.58 ± 0.81 | 5.70 ± 0.66 |
非疼痛图片 | 770.85 ± 281.18 | 779.73 ± 138.93 | 1.78 ± 1.20 | 3.85 ± 1.01 | 5.16 ± 0.63 |
表4ERP数据方差分析结果
变量 | N1 | N170 | P2 | N2 | P3 | LPC | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | p | η2p | F | p | η2p | F | p | η2p | F | p | η2p | F | p | η2p | F | p | η2p | |
组别 | 0.30 | 0.584 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.638 | <0.001 | 0.45 | 0.506 | 0.01 | 0.81 | 0.373 | 0.01 | 2.77 | 0.102 | 0.05 | 0.49 | 0.486 | 0.01 |
图片类型 | 0.34 | 0.562 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.574 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.792 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.935 | <0.001 | 6.08 | 0.017 | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.949 | <0.001 |
任务类型 | 0.04 | 0.836 | <0.001 | 4.59 | 0.036 | 0.07 | 0.45 | 0.505 | 0.01 | 29.02 | <0.001 | 0.33 | 4.21 | 0.045 | 0.07 | 38.80 | <0.001 | 0.40 |
组别×图片类型 | 0.01 | 0.907 | <0.001 | 1.49 | 0.227 | 0.03 | 0.87 | 0.356 | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.953 | <0.001 | 0.72 | 0.398 | 0.01 | 0.72 | 0.400 | 0.01 |
组别×任务类型 | 0.01 | 0.937 | <0.001 | 0.11 | 0.747 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.997 | <0.001 | 0.31 | 0.577 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.553 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.589 | 0.01 |
图片类型×任务类型 | 0.11 | 0.740 | <0.001 | 0.12 | 0.735 | <0.001 | 0.48 | 0.490 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.801 | <0.001 | 1.05 | 0.310 | 0.02 | 10.25 | 0.002 | 0.15 |
组别×图片类型×任务类型 | 1.42 | 0.238 | 0.02 | 10.90 | 0.002 | 0.16 | 10.05 | 0.002 | 0.15 | 3.47 | 0.067 | 0.06 | 12.64 | 0.001 | 0.18 | 11.98 | 0.001 | 0.17 |
表4ERP数据方差分析结果
变量 | N1 | N170 | P2 | N2 | P3 | LPC | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | p | η2p | F | p | η2p | F | p | η2p | F | p | η2p | F | p | η2p | F | p | η2p | |
组别 | 0.30 | 0.584 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.638 | <0.001 | 0.45 | 0.506 | 0.01 | 0.81 | 0.373 | 0.01 | 2.77 | 0.102 | 0.05 | 0.49 | 0.486 | 0.01 |
图片类型 | 0.34 | 0.562 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.574 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.792 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.935 | <0.001 | 6.08 | 0.017 | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.949 | <0.001 |
任务类型 | 0.04 | 0.836 | <0.001 | 4.59 | 0.036 | 0.07 | 0.45 | 0.505 | 0.01 | 29.02 | <0.001 | 0.33 | 4.21 | 0.045 | 0.07 | 38.80 | <0.001 | 0.40 |
组别×图片类型 | 0.01 | 0.907 | <0.001 | 1.49 | 0.227 | 0.03 | 0.87 | 0.356 | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.953 | <0.001 | 0.72 | 0.398 | 0.01 | 0.72 | 0.400 | 0.01 |
组别×任务类型 | 0.01 | 0.937 | <0.001 | 0.11 | 0.747 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.997 | <0.001 | 0.31 | 0.577 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.553 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.589 | 0.01 |
图片类型×任务类型 | 0.11 | 0.740 | <0.001 | 0.12 | 0.735 | <0.001 | 0.48 | 0.490 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.801 | <0.001 | 1.05 | 0.310 | 0.02 | 10.25 | 0.002 | 0.15 |
组别×图片类型×任务类型 | 1.42 | 0.238 | 0.02 | 10.90 | 0.002 | 0.16 | 10.05 | 0.002 | 0.15 | 3.47 | 0.067 | 0.06 | 12.64 | 0.001 | 0.18 | 11.98 | 0.001 | 0.17 |
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-3/Images/0439-755X-52-3-294/img_3.png)
图3自闭特质组和控制组在不同条件下的波形图、地形图和条形图 注:上图为两组被试对疼痛图片和非疼痛图片分别进行疼痛判断任务和吸引力判断任务时, 在Fz、Pz、PO7电极点上自闭特质组(上半部分)和控制组(下半部分)的波形图和地形图(左列), 以及条形图(右列)。4种条件下(对疼痛图片进行疼痛判断任务:黑色实线和黑色条形图; 对非疼痛图片进行疼痛判断任务:黑色虚线和横线条形图; 对疼痛图片进行吸引力判断任务:灰色实线和灰色条形图; 对非疼痛图片进行吸引力判断任务:灰色虚线和斜线条形图)的平均波幅差异性检验结果如条形图所示。用M ± SD表示条形图中的数据。地形图中黑色框标记的区域表示该成分所纳入分析的电极点。 ns表示没有显著差异, *表示p < 0.05, **表示p < 0.01, ***表示p < 0.001。
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-3/Images/0439-755X-52-3-294/img_3.png)
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-3/Images/0439-755X-52-3-294/img_4.png)
图4两组被试对疼痛和非疼痛图片的波形图、地形图和条形图 注:上图为两组被试在Fz、Pz、PO7电极点上对疼痛图片(上半部分)和非疼痛图片(下半部分)分别进行疼痛判断任务和吸引力判断任务时的波形图和地形图(左列), 以及条形图(右列)。4种条件下(自闭特质组完成疼痛判断任务:黑色实线和黑色条形图; 控制组完成疼痛判断任务:黑色虚线和横线条形图; 自闭特质组完成吸引力判断任务:灰色实线和灰色条形图; 控制组完成吸引力判断任务:灰色虚线和斜线条形图)的平均波幅差异性检验结果如条形图所示。用M ± SD表示条形图中的数据。地形图中黑色框标记的区域表示该成分所纳入分析的电极点。 ns表示没有显著差异, *表示p < 0.05, ***表示p < 0.001。
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-3/Images/0439-755X-52-3-294/img_4.png)
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