), 王雪娇 中国人民大学心理学系, 北京 100872
收稿日期:2019-03-29出版日期:2020-04-25发布日期:2020-02-25通讯作者:张清芳E-mail:zhang@ruc.edu.cn基金资助:* 北京市社会科学基金重点项目(16YYA006);中国人民大学科学研究基金项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项)(18XNLG28)Primary phonological planning units in Chinese spoken word production: Evidence from an ERP study with implicit priming paradigm
ZHANG Qingfang(), WANG Xuejiao Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
Received:2019-03-29Online:2020-04-25Published:2020-02-25Contact:ZHANG Qingfang E-mail:zhang@ruc.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 本研究中选择英语水平低的汉语母语者, 排除作为二语的英语音韵编码单元(音素)可能对汉语口语词汇产生过程的影响后, 运用事件相关电位技术, 考察了汉语口语产生过程中音节和音素效应的时间进程。实验采用内隐启动范式, 要求被试看到提示词之后说出对应的目标词。事件相关电位分析结果发现, 音节效应出现在线索词呈现后的100~400 ms之间, 音素效应出现在500~600 ms之间, 波形表现为相关条件比无关条件的波形更正。这表明在词汇选择之后的音韵编码阶段讲话者首先提取的单元是音节, 而音素效应出现的时间窗口可能是音韵编码阶段后期或者是语音编码阶段, 结果验证了合适编码单元假说的观点。
图/表 6
图1O¢Seaghdha等(2010)提出的汉语单音节词汇产生的示意图
图1O¢Seaghdha等(2010)提出的汉语单音节词汇产生的示意图表1相关类型、条件、脑区和半球为自变量在0~600 ms中方差分析的结果
| 变异 | 时间窗口(ms) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~100 | 100~200 | 200~300 | 300~400 | 400~500 | 500~600 | |
| 条件(1, 17) | — | — | — | 4.21↑ | — | — |
| 类型(1, 17) | — | — | — | 5.09* | — | — |
| 条件×类型(1, 17) | — | — | — | 6.31* | — | — |
| 条件×脑区(1, 17) | — | 7.00* | 5.34* | — | — | 4.49↑ |
| 条件×半球(2, 34) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 条件×类型×脑区(1, 17) | — | 4.01↑ | — | — | — | — |
| 条件×类型×半球(2, 34) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 条件×类型×半球×脑区(2, 34) | — | — | — | 4.30* | — | — |
表1相关类型、条件、脑区和半球为自变量在0~600 ms中方差分析的结果
| 变异 | 时间窗口(ms) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~100 | 100~200 | 200~300 | 300~400 | 400~500 | 500~600 | |
| 条件(1, 17) | — | — | — | 4.21↑ | — | — |
| 类型(1, 17) | — | — | — | 5.09* | — | — |
| 条件×类型(1, 17) | — | — | — | 6.31* | — | — |
| 条件×脑区(1, 17) | — | 7.00* | 5.34* | — | — | 4.49↑ |
| 条件×半球(2, 34) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 条件×类型×脑区(1, 17) | — | 4.01↑ | — | — | — | — |
| 条件×类型×半球(2, 34) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 条件×类型×半球×脑区(2, 34) | — | — | — | 4.30* | — | — |
表2不同时间窗口的音节和音素效应
| 兴趣区 (1, 17) | 时间窗口(ms) | 兴趣区 (1, 17) | 时间窗口(ms) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~100 | 100~200 | 200~300 | 300~400 | 400~500 | 500~600 | 0~100 | 100~200 | 200~300 | 300~400 | 400~500 | 500~600 | ||
| 音节效应 | 音素效应 | ||||||||||||
| 左前 | — | 3.02* | 2.55* | 2.38* | — | — | 左前 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 中前 | — | 2.10† | 2.19* | 2.63* | — | — | 中前 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 右前 | — | 3.35* | 3.82* | 3.26* | — | — | 右前 | — | — | — | — | — | 2.71* |
| 左后 | — | — | — | 2.04† | — | — | 左后 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 中后 | — | — | — | 2.28* | — | — | 中后 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 右后 | — | — | — | 2.67* | — | — | 右后 | — | — | — | — | — | 2.43* |
表2不同时间窗口的音节和音素效应
| 兴趣区 (1, 17) | 时间窗口(ms) | 兴趣区 (1, 17) | 时间窗口(ms) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~100 | 100~200 | 200~300 | 300~400 | 400~500 | 500~600 | 0~100 | 100~200 | 200~300 | 300~400 | 400~500 | 500~600 | ||
| 音节效应 | 音素效应 | ||||||||||||
| 左前 | — | 3.02* | 2.55* | 2.38* | — | — | 左前 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 中前 | — | 2.10† | 2.19* | 2.63* | — | — | 中前 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 右前 | — | 3.35* | 3.82* | 3.26* | — | — | 右前 | — | — | — | — | — | 2.71* |
| 左后 | — | — | — | 2.04† | — | — | 左后 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 中后 | — | — | — | 2.28* | — | — | 中后 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 右后 | — | — | — | 2.67* | — | — | 右后 | — | — | — | — | — | 2.43* |
图26个兴趣区内音节和音素效应的平均波形图(方形框表示两类条件对比有显著差异)
图26个兴趣区内音节和音素效应的平均波形图(方形框表示两类条件对比有显著差异)
图3在不同时间窗口下的音节和音素效应的平均波幅与各个时间窗口下的地形图(图中误差棒均为95% CI)
图3在不同时间窗口下的音节和音素效应的平均波幅与各个时间窗口下的地形图(图中误差棒均为95% CI)表3实验中所使用的材料
| 组别 | 音节 | 异质 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
| 同质 | /wei/ | 灾祸 | 危机 | wei1 | 院子 | 围墙 | wei2 | 屁股 | 尾巴 | wei3 | 人造 | 卫星 | wei4 | |
| /hu/ | 医生 | 护士 | hu4 | 氧气 | 呼吸 | hu1 | 剃须 | 胡子 | hu2 | 宝石 | 琥珀 | hu3 | ||
| /guo/ | 收获 | 果实 | guo3 | 惩罚 | 过错 | guo4 | 烧水 | 锅炉 | guo1 | 熊猫 | 国宝 | guo2 | ||
| /fan/ | 神仙 | 凡人 | fan2 | 化学 | 反应 | fan3 | 食物 | 饭馆 | fan4 | 航海 | 帆船 | fan1 | ||
| 音素 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||
| /t/ | 地下 | 通道 | tong1 | 师傅 | 徒弟 | tu2 | 运动 | 体育 | ti3 | 宇宙 | 太空 | tai4 | ||
| /l/ | 辩护 | 律师 | lv4 | 废品 | 垃圾 | la1 | 闪电 | 雷声 | lei2 | 生日 | 礼物 | li3 | ||
| /d/ | 披风 | 斗篷 | dou3 | 和尚 | 道士 | dao4 | 榔头 | 钉子 | ding1 | 鸦片 | 毒品 | du2 | ||
| /m/ | 排序 | 名次 | ming2 | 帅哥 | 美女 | mei3 | 视线 | 目光 | mu4 | 擦拭 | 抹布 | ma1 | ||
表3实验中所使用的材料
| 组别 | 音节 | 异质 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||
| 同质 | /wei/ | 灾祸 | 危机 | wei1 | 院子 | 围墙 | wei2 | 屁股 | 尾巴 | wei3 | 人造 | 卫星 | wei4 | |
| /hu/ | 医生 | 护士 | hu4 | 氧气 | 呼吸 | hu1 | 剃须 | 胡子 | hu2 | 宝石 | 琥珀 | hu3 | ||
| /guo/ | 收获 | 果实 | guo3 | 惩罚 | 过错 | guo4 | 烧水 | 锅炉 | guo1 | 熊猫 | 国宝 | guo2 | ||
| /fan/ | 神仙 | 凡人 | fan2 | 化学 | 反应 | fan3 | 食物 | 饭馆 | fan4 | 航海 | 帆船 | fan1 | ||
| 音素 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||
| /t/ | 地下 | 通道 | tong1 | 师傅 | 徒弟 | tu2 | 运动 | 体育 | ti3 | 宇宙 | 太空 | tai4 | ||
| /l/ | 辩护 | 律师 | lv4 | 废品 | 垃圾 | la1 | 闪电 | 雷声 | lei2 | 生日 | 礼物 | li3 | ||
| /d/ | 披风 | 斗篷 | dou3 | 和尚 | 道士 | dao4 | 榔头 | 钉子 | ding1 | 鸦片 | 毒品 | du2 | ||
| /m/ | 排序 | 名次 | ming2 | 帅哥 | 美女 | mei3 | 视线 | 目光 | mu4 | 擦拭 | 抹布 | ma1 | ||
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