), 李善鹏 南京师范大学文学院, 南京 210097
收稿日期:2018-10-17出版日期:2020-01-25发布日期:2019-11-21通讯作者:梁丹丹E-mail:ldd233@sina.com基金资助:* 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(简称PAPD)资助Effects of aging on the Mandarin lexical tone perception: Evidence from ERPs
XIAO Rong, LIANG Dandan(), LI Shanpeng School of Chinese Language and Culture, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
Received:2018-10-17Online:2020-01-25Published:2019-11-21Contact:LIANG Dandan E-mail:ldd233@sina.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 研究考察汉语普通话老年人前注意阶段声调感知状况, 探究是否存在领域特殊的老年化。运用事件相关电位技术, 采用被动oddball范式诱发MMN回应, 控制领域一般性因素的影响。结果显示涉及范畴变化的声调和非语音音调诱发MMN强度衰减, 不涉及范畴变化的声调诱发MMN强度未衰退。研究结果表明在前注意阶段, 在特定汉语普通话声调范畴知识加工能力上存在领域特殊的衰退, 而不涉及母语音位知识的声调的感知存在领域特殊的一定程度的保留, 这一保留与时间维度上补偿机制的调用有关。受补偿机制调节, 语言加工呈现出衰退或保留等不同的老年化进程。
图/表 7
图1从/we2/到/we4/的音高曲线连续统。
图1从/we2/到/we4/的音高曲线连续统。
图2年轻组和老年组的范畴感知曲线
图2年轻组和老年组的范畴感知曲线
图3范畴间声调、范畴内声调、非语音音调三种条件下老年组和年轻组两组被试产生的MMN。(A) Fz电极点上三种条件下两组被试的MMN总平均波形。(B) MMN分析时间窗内平均振幅的电压地形图。
图3范畴间声调、范畴内声调、非语音音调三种条件下老年组和年轻组两组被试产生的MMN。(A) Fz电极点上三种条件下两组被试的MMN总平均波形。(B) MMN分析时间窗内平均振幅的电压地形图。表1以音调类型、组别为自变量, 峰值潜伏期、平均振幅为因变量的方差分析的结果
| 自变量 | 潜伏期 | 平均振幅 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | η2p | F | η2p | |
| 音调类型(1, 34) | 3.238? | 0.164 | 2.715 | 0.141 |
| 组别(1, 34) | 14.201** | 0.295 | 4.973* | 0.128 |
| 组别×音调类型(1, 34) | 3.346* | 0.169 | 8.224** | 0.333 |
表1以音调类型、组别为自变量, 峰值潜伏期、平均振幅为因变量的方差分析的结果
| 自变量 | 潜伏期 | 平均振幅 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | η2p | F | η2p | |
| 音调类型(1, 34) | 3.238? | 0.164 | 2.715 | 0.141 |
| 组别(1, 34) | 14.201** | 0.295 | 4.973* | 0.128 |
| 组别×音调类型(1, 34) | 3.346* | 0.169 | 8.224** | 0.333 |
图4老年组和年轻组三种类型音调诱发MMN峰值潜伏期
图4老年组和年轻组三种类型音调诱发MMN峰值潜伏期
图5老年组和年轻组三种类型音调诱发MMN平均振幅
图5老年组和年轻组三种类型音调诱发MMN平均振幅表2以三种音调类型的位置、偏侧性、组别为自变量, 平均振幅为因变量的方差分析的结果
| 变异来源 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | 非语音 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | η2p | F | η2p | F | η2p | |
| 位置(2, 68) | 8.446** | 0.199 | 9.394** | 0.216 | 15.866** | 0.318 |
| 组别(1, 34) | 5.625* | 0.142 | 0.037 | 0.001 | 22.073** | 0.394 |
| 偏侧性(1, 34) | 1.540 | 0.043 | 0.688 | 0.020 | 0.626 | 0.018 |
| 偏侧性×位置(2, 68) | 0.120 | 0.004 | 1.051 | 0.030 | 3.864* | 0.102 |
| 偏侧性×组别(1, 34) | 2.836 | 0.077 | 0.516 | 0.015 | 0.095 | 0.003 |
| 组别×位置(2, 68) | 2.547 | 0.007 | 0.792 | 0.023 | 0.84 | 0.024 |
| 偏侧性×位置×组别(2, 68) | 2.549 | 0.070 | 0.020 | 0.001 | 1.886 | 0.053 |
表2以三种音调类型的位置、偏侧性、组别为自变量, 平均振幅为因变量的方差分析的结果
| 变异来源 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | 非语音 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | η2p | F | η2p | F | η2p | |
| 位置(2, 68) | 8.446** | 0.199 | 9.394** | 0.216 | 15.866** | 0.318 |
| 组别(1, 34) | 5.625* | 0.142 | 0.037 | 0.001 | 22.073** | 0.394 |
| 偏侧性(1, 34) | 1.540 | 0.043 | 0.688 | 0.020 | 0.626 | 0.018 |
| 偏侧性×位置(2, 68) | 0.120 | 0.004 | 1.051 | 0.030 | 3.864* | 0.102 |
| 偏侧性×组别(1, 34) | 2.836 | 0.077 | 0.516 | 0.015 | 0.095 | 0.003 |
| 组别×位置(2, 68) | 2.547 | 0.007 | 0.792 | 0.023 | 0.84 | 0.024 |
| 偏侧性×位置×组别(2, 68) | 2.549 | 0.070 | 0.020 | 0.001 | 1.886 | 0.053 |
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