), 叶秀敏, 马慧姣 福建师范大学心理学院, 福州 350117
收稿日期:2019-03-25出版日期:2020-02-25发布日期:2019-12-24通讯作者:孟迎芳E-mail:175695016@qq.com基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金青年项目(31800906);2018 年福建省自然基金面上项目(2018J01719)Comparing the attentional boost effect between classified learning and mixed learning
MENG Yingfang(), YE Xiumin, MA Huijiao School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
Received:2019-03-25Online:2020-02-25Published:2019-12-24Contact:MENG Yingfang E-mail:175695016@qq.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 注意促进效应(ABE)是指目标探测性质的干扰会促进与之同时进行的背景刺激的记忆编码, 产生比分心拒绝下更优的记忆成绩。Spataro等人(2017)对此提出项目特异性解释, 认为目标探测主要促进的是对项目的特异性信息而非关系性信息加工。本研究采用混合学习和分类学习的方式形成对背景刺激的特异性信息和关系性信息加工。结果表明, 与混合学习相比, 分类学习下的ABE有所减少(实验2), 甚至消失(实验1), 表明当编码过程中对背景刺激的加工主要依赖于关系性信息时, 目标探测所产生的促进效应会被削弱, 从而为ABE的项目特异性解释提供更为直接的证据。
图/表 5
图1学习阶段的实验流程图
图1学习阶段的实验流程图表1分类学习和混合学习下两类新词的虚报率(%)
| 学习方式 | 范畴新词(N) | 无关新词(P) |
|---|---|---|
| 分类学习 | 30.7 (12.7) | 17.7 (12.1) |
| 混合学习 | 24.8 (14.2) | 21.4 (13.0) |
表1分类学习和混合学习下两类新词的虚报率(%)
| 学习方式 | 范畴新词(N) | 无关新词(P) |
|---|---|---|
| 分类学习 | 30.7 (12.7) | 17.7 (12.1) |
| 混合学习 | 24.8 (14.2) | 21.4 (13.0) |
表2分类学习和混合学习下三类旧词的再认正确率(%)
| 再认正确率 | 分类学习 | 混合学习 |
|---|---|---|
| 目标词 | 56.33 (12.2) | 54.78 (13.1) |
| 分心词 | 56.89 (12.0) | 47.89 (13.4) |
| 空白词 | 54.22 (13.3) | 52.78 (15.1) |
表2分类学习和混合学习下三类旧词的再认正确率(%)
| 再认正确率 | 分类学习 | 混合学习 |
|---|---|---|
| 目标词 | 56.33 (12.2) | 54.78 (13.1) |
| 分心词 | 56.89 (12.0) | 47.89 (13.4) |
| 空白词 | 54.22 (13.3) | 52.78 (15.1) |
表3分类学习和混合学习下两类新图的虚报率(%)
| 学习方式 | 范畴新图(N) | 无关新图(P) |
|---|---|---|
| 分类学习 | 26.49 (12.21) | 12.22 (9.78) |
| 混合学习 | 19.38 (11.81) | 15.36 (12.72) |
表3分类学习和混合学习下两类新图的虚报率(%)
| 学习方式 | 范畴新图(N) | 无关新图(P) |
|---|---|---|
| 分类学习 | 26.49 (12.21) | 12.22 (9.78) |
| 混合学习 | 19.38 (11.81) | 15.36 (12.72) |
表4分类学习和混合学习下三类旧图的再认正确率(%)
| 再认正确率 | 分类学习 | 混合学习 |
|---|---|---|
| 目标图 | 62.6 (12.5) | 60.8 (17.3) |
| 分心图 | 52.4 (15.4) | 45.1 (15.4) |
| 空白图 | 56.9 (14.4) | 49.1 (17.3) |
表4分类学习和混合学习下三类旧图的再认正确率(%)
| 再认正确率 | 分类学习 | 混合学习 |
|---|---|---|
| 目标图 | 62.6 (12.5) | 60.8 (17.3) |
| 分心图 | 52.4 (15.4) | 45.1 (15.4) |
| 空白图 | 56.9 (14.4) | 49.1 (17.3) |
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