) 1. 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院, 天津 30074
2. 天津师范大学心理学部, 天津 30387
3. 国民心理健康评估与促进协同创新中心, 天津 30074
4. 北京大学心理与认知科学学院, 北京 100080
收稿日期:2018-10-08出版日期:2019-11-25发布日期:2019-09-24通讯作者:李量E-mail:liangli@pku.edu.cn基金资助:*全国教育科学规划教育部重点课题“创伤后应激障碍中学生注意偏向的心理机制研究”(DBA150235)The role of masking stimulation in target recognition processing: Evidence from fNIRS
YANG Haibo1,2,3, LIU Hejun2, ZHANG Peng2, LI Liang4() 1. Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074, China
2. Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
3. Center of Collaborative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of Mental Health, Tianjin 300074, China
4. School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
Received:2018-10-08Online:2019-11-25Published:2019-09-24Contact:LI Liang E-mail:liangli@pku.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 信息掩蔽刺激(如随机字母群)对字母视觉搜索的干扰大于能量掩蔽刺激(如将字母群像素随机化后的散点), 但相应的中枢机理还不清楚。本研究采用记录脑代谢激活模式的功能性近红外光学脑成像技术(fNIRS), 考察年轻成年被试分别在字母掩蔽、字母碎片掩蔽、像素掩蔽条件下判断上、下、左、右四个目标字母是否相同时的大脑皮层氧合血红蛋白浓度的变化。结果显示, 依字母、字母碎片、随机散点掩蔽条件顺序, 被试的搜索任务成绩显著递增, 而顶-枕皮层的激活范围与程度显著递减, 表明信息掩蔽较匹配的能量掩蔽对视觉搜索有更大的干扰作用, 并在初级和联合视觉皮层引发更大的激活。在字母碎片掩蔽条件下, 视觉初级皮层部分区域的激活水平与搜索行为绩效的相关显著, 而在字母掩蔽条件下, 视觉联合皮层部分区域的激活水平与搜索行为绩效的相关显著。这进一步说明信息掩蔽中的字母掩蔽和字母碎片掩蔽的掩蔽作用在大脑皮层上所造成的加工负载存在差异。
图/表 12
图1无掩蔽噪音的刺激样例(仅有目标刺激)
图1无掩蔽噪音的刺激样例(仅有目标刺激)
图2不同类型掩蔽刺激样例
图2不同类型掩蔽刺激样例
图3不同类型掩蔽刺激的视觉物理特征分析
图3不同类型掩蔽刺激的视觉物理特征分析
图4一个试次的呈现过程
图4一个试次的呈现过程
图5fNIRS通道布局
图5fNIRS通道布局表1通道布局与布鲁德曼分区的对应关系
| 布鲁德曼分区 | 对应通道 |
|---|---|
| 视觉初级皮层 | ch15, ch17, ch19, ch20, ch21, ch22, ch24, ch25, ch26 |
| 视觉联合皮层 | ch6, ch7, ch8, ch10, ch11, ch12, ch13, ch14, ch16, ch18, ch23, ch27, ch28, ch29, ch30, ch31 |
| 躯体感觉联合皮层 | ch1, ch2, ch3, ch4 |
| 角回 | ch5, ch9 |
表1通道布局与布鲁德曼分区的对应关系
| 布鲁德曼分区 | 对应通道 |
|---|---|
| 视觉初级皮层 | ch15, ch17, ch19, ch20, ch21, ch22, ch24, ch25, ch26 |
| 视觉联合皮层 | ch6, ch7, ch8, ch10, ch11, ch12, ch13, ch14, ch16, ch18, ch23, ch27, ch28, ch29, ch30, ch31 |
| 躯体感觉联合皮层 | ch1, ch2, ch3, ch4 |
| 角回 | ch5, ch9 |
图6不同掩蔽条件下被试的目标识别正确率 注：*** p < 0.001。
图6不同掩蔽条件下被试的目标识别正确率 注：*** p < 0.001。
图7不同掩蔽条件下大脑皮层各通道激活t值热量图
图7不同掩蔽条件下大脑皮层各通道激活t值热量图表2不同掩蔽类型条件下重复测量方差分析检验结果
| 通道 | MNI坐标 | 布鲁德曼分区 | 覆盖率(%) | F | η2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | -12 | -99 | 28 | V2(BA18) | 74 | 3.93* | 0.17 |
| 15 | -17 | -104 | 17 | V1(BA17) | 84 | 5.02* | 0.21 |
| 17 | 23 | -102 | 18 | V1(BA17) | 66 | 3.80* | 0.17 |
| 20 | -11 | -108 | 6 | V1(BA17) | 99 | 3.63* | 0.16 |
| 22 | 29 | -101 | 7 | V1(BA17) | 73 | 5.56* | 0.23 |
| 25 | 1 | -102 | -1 | V1(BA17) | 99 | 6.75* | 0.26 |
| 27 | 39 | -95 | -2 | V2(BA18) | 92 | 3.31* | 0.15 |
| 31 | 31 | -100 | -9 | V2(BA18) | 81 | 8.13** | 0.30 |
表2不同掩蔽类型条件下重复测量方差分析检验结果
| 通道 | MNI坐标 | 布鲁德曼分区 | 覆盖率(%) | F | η2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | -12 | -99 | 28 | V2(BA18) | 74 | 3.93* | 0.17 |
| 15 | -17 | -104 | 17 | V1(BA17) | 84 | 5.02* | 0.21 |
| 17 | 23 | -102 | 18 | V1(BA17) | 66 | 3.80* | 0.17 |
| 20 | -11 | -108 | 6 | V1(BA17) | 99 | 3.63* | 0.16 |
| 22 | 29 | -101 | 7 | V1(BA17) | 73 | 5.56* | 0.23 |
| 25 | 1 | -102 | -1 | V1(BA17) | 99 | 6.75* | 0.26 |
| 27 | 39 | -95 | -2 | V2(BA18) | 92 | 3.31* | 0.15 |
| 31 | 31 | -100 | -9 | V2(BA18) | 81 | 8.13** | 0.30 |
图8掩蔽类型对视觉搜索影响的主效应热量图
图8掩蔽类型对视觉搜索影响的主效应热量图
图9视觉搜索任务下不同类型掩蔽刺激的两两对比热量图
图9视觉搜索任务下不同类型掩蔽刺激的两两对比热量图表3被试识别正确率与fNIRS数据的相关(n = 20)
| 皮层 | 通道 | 布鲁德曼分区 | 皮尔逊相关系数r | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 像素掩蔽 | 字母碎片掩蔽 | 字母掩蔽 | |||
| 视觉皮层 | 15 | V1 (BA17) | -0.114 | -0.023 | -0.261 |
| 17 | V1 (BA17) | -0.074 | 0.101 | 0.090 | |
| 20 | V1 (BA17) | -0.028 | -0.068 | 0.007 | |
| 22 | V1 (BA17) | 0.082 | 0.473* | -0.085 | |
| 视觉联合皮层 | 25 | V1 (BA17) | 0.035 | 0.122 | -0.062 |
| 11 | V2 (BA18) | 0.001 | 0.245 | -0.011 | |
| 27 | V2 (BA18) | 0.011 | 0.021 | -0.222 | |
| 31 | V2 (BA18) | -0.081 | 0.124 | -0.478* | |
表3被试识别正确率与fNIRS数据的相关(n = 20)
| 皮层 | 通道 | 布鲁德曼分区 | 皮尔逊相关系数r | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 像素掩蔽 | 字母碎片掩蔽 | 字母掩蔽 | |||
| 视觉皮层 | 15 | V1 (BA17) | -0.114 | -0.023 | -0.261 |
| 17 | V1 (BA17) | -0.074 | 0.101 | 0.090 | |
| 20 | V1 (BA17) | -0.028 | -0.068 | 0.007 | |
| 22 | V1 (BA17) | 0.082 | 0.473* | -0.085 | |
| 视觉联合皮层 | 25 | V1 (BA17) | 0.035 | 0.122 | -0.062 |
| 11 | V2 (BA18) | 0.001 | 0.245 | -0.011 | |
| 27 | V2 (BA18) | 0.011 | 0.021 | -0.222 | |
| 31 | V2 (BA18) | -0.081 | 0.124 | -0.478* | |
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