), 朱君3 1. 集美大学师范学院, 厦门 361021
2. 中国人民大学心理学系、国家民委民族语言文化心理重点研究基地、教育部民族教育发展中心民族心理与教育重点研究基地, 北京 100872
3. 广东省轻工业高级技工学校, 广州 510310
收稿日期:2019-03-19出版日期:2019-11-25发布日期:2019-09-24通讯作者:张积家E-mail:Zhangjj1955@163.com基金资助:* 福建省社会科学规划项目(FJ2016B286);中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校科研业务费专项资金资助项目)(17XNL002);国家留学基金(留金发[2018]3058号)Categorical perception of color is significant both in the right visual field and the left: Evidence from Naxi speakers and Mandarin speakers
XIE Shushu1, ZHANG Jijia2(), ZHU Jun3 1. Teachers College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
2. Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China; The State Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Research, Center for Language, Cultural, and Psychology; Key Research Center for National Psychology and Education, the National Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100872, China
3. Guangdong Province Technician Institute of Light Industry, Guangzhou 510310, China
Received:2019-03-19Online:2019-11-25Published:2019-09-24Contact:ZHANG Jijia E-mail:Zhangjj1955@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 采用色环搜索单任务和双任务范式, 考察语言中区分蓝、绿的汉族和语言中蓝、绿混用的纳西族对蓝色和绿色的辨别是否存在颜色范畴知觉效应(Categorical perception, 以下简称为CP效应)。结果发现：(1)纳西族对蓝色和绿色的区分比汉族困难, 体现了语言的作用; (2)语言中蓝、绿混用的纳西族与语言中区分蓝、绿的汉族都出现显著的蓝绿CP效应; (3)两个民族被试的左视野的CP效应受到图形记忆次任务的显著干扰, 说明左视野的CP效应与右脑激活有关。整个研究表明, 颜色CP效应既存在普遍的知觉机制, 也存在语言驱动机制, 语言的作用存在直接效应。研究结果支持颜色词与颜色认知的相互作用理论。
图/表 15
图1蓝绿搜索任务使用的颜色块
图1蓝绿搜索任务使用的颜色块
图2蓝绿色环搜索任务的刺激样例
图2蓝绿色环搜索任务的刺激样例表1被试搜索不同视野目标色块的平均反应时(ms)和错误率(%)
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范畴间 | 范畴内 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | ||
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 374 (90) | 402 (101) | 373 (87) | 394 (90) |
| 错误率 | 9.38 (10.49) | 20.31 (15.20) | 3.13 (6.72) | 10.94 (7.89) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 431 (132) | 535 (128) | 458 (185) | 511 (123) |
| 错误率 | 12.50 (11.39) | 27.69 (18.21) | 10.42 (13.44) | 19.27 (13.85) | |
表1被试搜索不同视野目标色块的平均反应时(ms)和错误率(%)
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范畴间 | 范畴内 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | ||
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 374 (90) | 402 (101) | 373 (87) | 394 (90) |
| 错误率 | 9.38 (10.49) | 20.31 (15.20) | 3.13 (6.72) | 10.94 (7.89) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 431 (132) | 535 (128) | 458 (185) | 511 (123) |
| 错误率 | 12.50 (11.39) | 27.69 (18.21) | 10.42 (13.44) | 19.27 (13.85) | |
表2被试在左、右视野的反应时(ms)和错误率(%)CP效应量的平均值
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野CP效应量 | 右视野CP效应量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 28 (56) | 21 (62) |
| 错误率 | 10.93 (20.35) | 7.81 (10.31) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 104 (82) | 53 (161) |
| 错误率 | 15.19 (14.93) | 8.85 (15.05) |
表2被试在左、右视野的反应时(ms)和错误率(%)CP效应量的平均值
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野CP效应量 | 右视野CP效应量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 28 (56) | 21 (62) |
| 错误率 | 10.93 (20.35) | 7.81 (10.31) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 104 (82) | 53 (161) |
| 错误率 | 15.19 (14.93) | 8.85 (15.05) |
图3红紫范畴判断任务使用的色块
图3红紫范畴判断任务使用的色块表3被试判断不同颜色范畴色块的平均反应时(ms)和错误率(%)
| 民族 | 反应 | 蓝-绿范畴判断 | 红-紫范畴判断 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 366 (86) | 409 (121) |
| 错误率 | 9.13 (6.55) | 14.13 (10.70) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 431 (78) | 377 (82) |
| 错误率 | 29.03 (21.71) | 18.33 (10.25) |
表3被试判断不同颜色范畴色块的平均反应时(ms)和错误率(%)
| 民族 | 反应 | 蓝-绿范畴判断 | 红-紫范畴判断 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 366 (86) | 409 (121) |
| 错误率 | 9.13 (6.55) | 14.13 (10.70) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 431 (78) | 377 (82) |
| 错误率 | 29.03 (21.71) | 18.33 (10.25) |
图4图形干扰任务的材料范例
图4图形干扰任务的材料范例
图5言语干扰任务材料范例
图5言语干扰任务材料范例
图6色环搜索+图形记忆双任务流程图
图6色环搜索+图形记忆双任务流程图
图7色环搜索+颜色词记忆双任务流程图
图7色环搜索+颜色词记忆双任务流程图表4图形干扰任务下被试搜索不同视野目标色块的平均反应时(ms)和错误率(%)
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范畴间 | 范畴内 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | ||
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 482 (102) | 520 (100) | 418 (77) | 485 (83) |
| 错误率 | 9.16 (13.76) | 20.83 (13.92) | 3.33 (6.84) | 11.25 (11.24) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 528 (166) | 543 (129) | 431 (97) | 478 (132) |
| 错误率 | 21.88 (25.62) | 34.37 (17.97) | 11.46 (15.77) | 13.54 (11.74) | |
表4图形干扰任务下被试搜索不同视野目标色块的平均反应时(ms)和错误率(%)
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范畴间 | 范畴内 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | ||
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 482 (102) | 520 (100) | 418 (77) | 485 (83) |
| 错误率 | 9.16 (13.76) | 20.83 (13.92) | 3.33 (6.84) | 11.25 (11.24) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 528 (166) | 543 (129) | 431 (97) | 478 (132) |
| 错误率 | 21.88 (25.62) | 34.37 (17.97) | 11.46 (15.77) | 13.54 (11.74) | |
表5被试在色环搜索-图形双任务中左、右视野的反应时(ms)和错误率(%)CP效应量的平均值
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野CP效应量 | 右视野CP效应量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 38 (64) | 67 (47) |
| 错误率 | 11.67 (18.26) | 7.92 (14.14) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 15 (102) | 47 (55) |
| 错误率 | 12.49 (16.49) | 2.08 (14.04) |
表5被试在色环搜索-图形双任务中左、右视野的反应时(ms)和错误率(%)CP效应量的平均值
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野CP效应量 | 右视野CP效应量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 38 (64) | 67 (47) |
| 错误率 | 11.67 (18.26) | 7.92 (14.14) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 15 (102) | 47 (55) |
| 错误率 | 12.49 (16.49) | 2.08 (14.04) |
表6言语任务干扰下被试搜索不同视野目标色块的平均反应时(ms)和错误率(%)
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范畴间 | 范畴内 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | ||
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 466 (105) | 486 (108) | 436 (123) | 428 (105) |
| 错误率 | 14.82 (16.06) | 20.83 (12.54) | 12.03 (18.79) | 12.96 (14.36) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 538 (181) | 544 (136) | 464 (120) | 490 (86) |
| 错误率 | 24.60 (20.15) | 28.97 (20) | 14.29 (19.92) | 17.86 (17.73) | |
表6言语任务干扰下被试搜索不同视野目标色块的平均反应时(ms)和错误率(%)
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 范畴间 | 范畴内 | 范畴间 | 范畴内 | ||
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 466 (105) | 486 (108) | 436 (123) | 428 (105) |
| 错误率 | 14.82 (16.06) | 20.83 (12.54) | 12.03 (18.79) | 12.96 (14.36) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 538 (181) | 544 (136) | 464 (120) | 490 (86) |
| 错误率 | 24.60 (20.15) | 28.97 (20) | 14.29 (19.92) | 17.86 (17.73) | |
表7被试在色环搜索-言语双任务中左、右视野的反应时(ms)和错误率(%)CP效应量的平均值
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野CP效应量 | 右视野CP效应量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 20 (58) | -8 (86) |
| 错误率 | 6.01 (12.72) | 0.93 (4.53) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 6 (142) | 26 (98) |
| 错误率 | 4.37 (18.23) | 3.57 (8.24) |
表7被试在色环搜索-言语双任务中左、右视野的反应时(ms)和错误率(%)CP效应量的平均值
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野CP效应量 | 右视野CP效应量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 汉族 | 反应时 | 20 (58) | -8 (86) |
| 错误率 | 6.01 (12.72) | 0.93 (4.53) | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时 | 6 (142) | 26 (98) |
| 错误率 | 4.37 (18.23) | 3.57 (8.24) |
表8被试在三种任务条件下左、右视野的范畴知觉效应量
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单任务 | 图形干扰 双任务 | 言语干扰 双任务 | 单任务 | 图形干扰 双任务 | 言语干扰 双任务 | ||
| 汉族 | 反应时(ms) | 28 | 38 | 20 | 21 | 67 | -8 |
| 错误率(%) | 10.93 | 11.67 | 6.01 | 7.81 | 7.92 | 0.93 | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时(ms) | 104 | 15 | 6 | 53 | 47 | 26 |
| 错误率(%) | 15.19 | 12.49 | 4.37 | 8.85 | 2.08 | 3.57 | |
表8被试在三种任务条件下左、右视野的范畴知觉效应量
| 民族 | 反应 | 左视野 | 右视野 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单任务 | 图形干扰 双任务 | 言语干扰 双任务 | 单任务 | 图形干扰 双任务 | 言语干扰 双任务 | ||
| 汉族 | 反应时(ms) | 28 | 38 | 20 | 21 | 67 | -8 |
| 错误率(%) | 10.93 | 11.67 | 6.01 | 7.81 | 7.92 | 0.93 | |
| 纳西族 | 反应时(ms) | 104 | 15 | 6 | 53 | 47 | 26 |
| 错误率(%) | 15.19 | 12.49 | 4.37 | 8.85 | 2.08 | 3.57 | |
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