语言和文化影响颜色认知：直接语言效应抑或间接语言效应?

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杨群¹, 张启睿², 冯意然¹, 张积家¹(

)

1 中国人民大学心理学系、国家民委民族语言文化心理重点研究基地、教育部民族教育发展中心民族心理与教育重点研究基地, 北京 100872
2 中国人民公安大学犯罪学学院, 北京 100038

收稿日期:2018-06-04出版日期:2019-05-25发布日期:2019-03-20
通讯作者:张积家E-mail:Zhangjj1955@163.com

基金资助:中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助)项目“语言影响人格：来自双语者与双言者的行为与生理证据”(17XNL002)

Language and culture influence cognition: Effects of indirect or direct language

YANG Qun¹, ZHANG Qirui², FENG Yiran¹, ZHANG Jijia¹(

)

1 Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China; The State Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Research Center for Language, Cultural, and Psychology; Key Research Center for National Psychology and Education, the National Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100872, China
2 Lecturer of School of Criminology, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China

Received:2018-06-04Online:2019-05-25Published:2019-03-20
Contact:ZHANG Jijia E-mail:Zhangjj1955@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 语言和文化对颜色认知的影响存在着直接语言效应和间接语言效应的争论。直接语言效应是指在识记颜色时人先将颜色转换成颜色名称, 再认时通过匹配保留在记忆中的颜色词与目标颜色名称来完成任务。颜色类别知觉是语言策略的结果。间接语言效应是指语言和文化塑造颜色知觉表征, 形成了一个曲形颜色知觉空间, 将人们的注意引向语言和文化定义的颜色类别分界。即使没有语言策略的参与, 类别效应也会出现。颜色文化是民族文化的重要组成部分。绿色和红色在维吾尔族和汉族的语言和文化中分别具有重要的意义。采用颜色相似性判断、颜色分类和颜色再认任务, 考察维吾尔族和汉族的大学生对红、绿的认知, 探查语言和文化对颜色认知的影响及其性质。结果表明, 与汉族相比, 维吾尔族对绿色的辨认、分类和再认存在反应优势, 对红色认知存在反应劣势。与颜色辨认反应比, 两个民族的颜色再认反应时显著长。整个研究表明, 语言和文化对颜色认知的影响存在着间接语言效应, 语言与文化塑造个体的颜色知觉空间。

图/表 10

图1实验1流程图

图2维、汉大学生对红、绿色块相似性判断的平均反应时(ms)

图3维、汉大学生对红、绿色块相似性判断的平均错误率(%)

图4实验2流程图

图5维、汉大学生对红、绿色块分类的平均反应时(ms)

图6维、汉大学生对红、绿色块分类的平均错误率(%)

图7维、汉学生对红绿色块重复四次的平均反应时(ms)

图8实验3流程图

图9维、汉大学生对红、绿色块再认的平均反应时(ms)

图10维、汉大学生对红、绿色块再认的平均错误率(%)

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