), 张荣华2, 卜梦瑾1, 李玉雯1, 王海静1, WilliamsonRebecca3 1 江苏师范大学教育科学学院, 徐州 221116
2 西北师范大学心理学院, 兰州 730070
3 美国佐治亚州立大学心理系, 亚特兰大 30302
收稿日期:2017-07-10出版日期:2018-11-30发布日期:2018-10-30基金资助:* 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(18YJC190024);江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金项目(2017SJB0953)The development of preschool children’s inductive reasoning about weight: A cross-cultural comparison of Sino-US
WANG Zhidan1, ZHOU Aibao2(), ZHANG Ronghua2, BU Mengjin1, LI Yuwen1, WANG Haijing1, WILLIAMSON Rebecca3 1 School of Education Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
2 School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
3 Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30302, USA
Received:2017-07-10Online:2018-11-30Published:2018-10-30摘要/Abstract
摘要： 关于物体重量认知的研究是探讨儿童整个认知发展的重要途径之一。本文通过两个实验考察了美国和中国儿童利用语言标签基于重量进行归纳推理的发展特点及跨文化一致性。实验人员利用语言标签提示三个外部知觉特征完全相似物体中的一个物体, 随后要求儿童从剩余两个物体中选择一个他们认为和目标物体共享语言标签的物体。研究考察儿童是否能够基于物体的内在属性重量进行类别判断。结果显示：(1) 4岁和5岁儿童以重量进行归纳推理显著高于3岁儿童, 4岁和5岁儿童之间的差异不显著; (2) 美国和中国4岁和5岁儿童的表现均显著高于随机水平, 3岁儿童与随机水平没有显著差异; (3) 美国2岁儿童的表现边缘低于随机水平, 6岁儿童显著高于随机水平。总之, 儿童利用语言标签进行基于重量的归纳推理随年龄增长而发展; 美国和中国儿童在发展特点及年龄转折上具有跨文化一致性, 4岁儿童具备了利用语言标签进行基于物体内在属性归纳推理的能力。
图/表 4
图1实验中所使用的两组材料
图1实验中所使用的两组材料表12~6岁美国儿童选择正确物体次数的人数及其百分比
| 选择匹配<BR/>重量的次数 | 年龄 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2岁 | 3岁 | 4岁 | 5岁 | 6岁 | |
| 0 | 8 (40%) | 2 (10%) | 2 (10%) | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) |
| 1 | 10 (50%) | 12 (60%) | 6 (30%) | 2 (10%) | 1 (5%) |
| 2 | 2 (10%) | 6 (30%) | 12 (60%) | 17 (85%) | 19 (95%) |
表12~6岁美国儿童选择正确物体次数的人数及其百分比
| 选择匹配<BR/>重量的次数 | 年龄 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2岁 | 3岁 | 4岁 | 5岁 | 6岁 | |
| 0 | 8 (40%) | 2 (10%) | 2 (10%) | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) |
| 1 | 10 (50%) | 12 (60%) | 6 (30%) | 2 (10%) | 1 (5%) |
| 2 | 2 (10%) | 6 (30%) | 12 (60%) | 17 (85%) | 19 (95%) |
表23~5岁中国儿童选择正确物体次数的人数及百分比
| 选择正确<BR/>重量的次数 | 年龄 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 3岁 | 4岁 | 5岁 | |
| 0 | 7 (35%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) |
| 1 | 11 (55%) | 10 (50%) | 5 (25%) |
| 2 | 2 (10%) | 10 (50%) | 14 (70%) |
表23~5岁中国儿童选择正确物体次数的人数及百分比
| 选择正确<BR/>重量的次数 | 年龄 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 3岁 | 4岁 | 5岁 | |
| 0 | 7 (35%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) |
| 1 | 11 (55%) | 10 (50%) | 5 (25%) |
| 2 | 2 (10%) | 10 (50%) | 14 (70%) |
图2美国和中国3~5岁组儿童选择重量匹配物体得分
图2美国和中国3~5岁组儿童选择重量匹配物体得分参考文献 49
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