正字法深度对汉族、维吾尔族大学生汉字词命名的影响

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杨群¹, 王艳², 张积家¹^,^*

¹ 中国人民大学心理学系、国家民委民族语言文化心理重点研究基地、教育部民族教育发展中心民族心理与教育重点研究基地, 北京 100872
² 北京科技大学心理咨询中心, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2018-01-23出版日期:2019-01-25发布日期:2018-11-26
通讯作者:张积家

基金资助:* 中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助)项目“语言影响人格：来自双语者与双言者的行为与生理证据” 阶段性成果(17XNL002)

Effects of orthographic depth on Chinese word naming for Han and Uyghur students

YANG Qun¹, WANG Yan², ZHANG Jijia¹^,^*

¹ Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China
² The State Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Research Center for Language, Cultural, and Psychology

Received:2018-01-23Online:2019-01-25Published:2018-11-26
Contact:ZHANG Jijia

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 汉字的多音字数量众多, 种类复杂, 为维吾尔族学生学习汉语带来了困难。通过两个实验, 考察正字法深度对汉族大学生和维吾尔族大学生的汉字词命名的影响。结果表明, 无论是命名单字词还是命名双字词, 维吾尔族学生的反应时均比汉族学生显著长。对单字词, 两个民族被试的命名时间均受汉字的正字法深度和词频影响, 被试命名多音字的时间显著长于命名单音字, 命名低频字的时间显著长于命名高频字。对双字词, 两个民族被试的命名时间存在着词频与正字法深度的交互作用：对高频词, 汉族学生对由多音字组成的词与由单音字组成的词的反应时差异不显著, 维吾尔族学生对由多音字组成的词的反应时显著长于对由单音字组成的词; 对低频词, 汉族学生对由多音字组成的词的反应时显著长于对由单音字组成的词, 维吾尔族学生对由多音字组成的词与由单音字组成的词的反应时差异不显著。整个研究表明, 正字法深度对两个民族大学生的汉字词命名的影响具有不同模式。所以如此, 与两个民族的母语特点、词汇获得年龄、语言熟练程度和语言加工方式不同有关。

图/表 3

表1汉族学生和维吾尔族学生对汉字命名的平均反应时(ms)和平均错误率(%)

词类	汉族				维吾尔族
	高频词		低频词		高频词		低频词
	反应时	错误率	反应时	错误率	反应时	错误率	反应时	错误率
单音字	522 (54)	0.00 (0.00)	547 (64)	0.00 (0.00)	759 (206)	2.50 (4.04)	885 (221)	2.83 (4.64)
多音字	546 (67)	0.00 (0.00)	579 (72)	0.00 (0.00)	804 (213)	2.50 (4.09)	916 (204)	2.96 (4.78)

表1汉族学生和维吾尔族学生对汉字命名的平均反应时(ms)和平均错误率(%)

词类	汉族				维吾尔族
	高频词		低频词		高频词		低频词
	反应时	错误率	反应时	错误率	反应时	错误率	反应时	错误率
单音字	522 (54)	0.00 (0.00)	547 (64)	0.00 (0.00)	759 (206)	2.50 (4.04)	885 (221)	2.83 (4.64)
多音字	546 (67)	0.00 (0.00)	579 (72)	0.00 (0.00)	804 (213)	2.50 (4.09)	916 (204)	2.96 (4.78)

表2汉族学生与维吾尔族学生对多音字的优势反应与非优势反应的比例与平均反应时(ms)

民族	反应	平均反应时	次数	比例(%)
汉族	优势反应	553 (116)	971	85.1
汉族	非优势反应	614 (138)	164	14.9
维吾尔族	优势反应	830 (292)	934	87.8
维吾尔族	非优势反应	907 (312)	130	12.2

表2汉族学生与维吾尔族学生对多音字的优势反应与非优势反应的比例与平均反应时(ms)

民族	反应	平均反应时	次数	比例(%)
汉族	优势反应	553 (116)	971	85.1
汉族	非优势反应	614 (138)	164	14.9
维吾尔族	优势反应	830 (292)	934	87.8
维吾尔族	非优势反应	907 (312)	130	12.2

表3汉族被试和维吾尔族被试对双字词命名的平均反应时(ms)

词类	汉族		维吾尔族
词类	高频词	低频词	高频词	低频词
单音字	516 (56)	545 (52)	702 (153)	845 (185)
多音字	513 (67)	561 (54)	736 (186)	854 (168)

表3汉族被试和维吾尔族被试对双字词命名的平均反应时(ms)

词类	汉族		维吾尔族
词类	高频词	低频词	高频词	低频词
单音字	516 (56)	545 (52)	702 (153)	845 (185)
多音字	513 (67)	561 (54)	736 (186)	854 (168)

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