) 中国人民大学心理学系、国家民委民族语言文化心理重点研究基地、教育部民族教育发展中心民族心理与教育重点研究基地, 北京 100872
收稿日期:2018-04-24出版日期:2019-04-25发布日期:2019-02-22通讯作者:张积家E-mail:Zhangjj1955@163.com基金资助:* 中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助)项目“语言影响人格：来自双语者与双言者的行为与生理证据” (项目编号：17XNL002)阶段性成果、中国人民大学心理学系科研项目资助Influence of language and culture on retrieval-induced forgetting under the self-referential condition: Evidence from the Han and the Mosuo
WANG Bin, FU Ya, ZHANG Jijia() Key Research Center for National Psychology and Education, the National Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100872, China
Received:2018-04-24Online:2019-04-25Published:2019-02-22Contact:ZHANG Jijia E-mail:Zhangjj1955@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 采用提取诱发遗忘范式考察摩梭人和汉族人在自我参照、母亲参照、姨母参照和他人参照条件下的加工规律, 发现摩梭被试在自我参照、母亲参照、姨母参照条件下都未出现提取诱发遗忘, 而在一般他人参照条件下出现了提取诱发遗忘; 汉族被试在自我参照、母亲参照条件下未出现提取诱发遗忘, 而在姨母参照、他人参照条件下出现了提取诱发遗忘。这表明, 不同的文化和语言影响人的自我构建, 在汉族人的自我结构中包含有母亲, 而摩梭人将母亲、姨母皆作为重要的他人纳入自我建构中, 使得母亲参照和姨母参照产生与自我参照同样的记忆优势。
图/表 5
表1摩梭、汉族被试在四种不同加工任务中的回忆率
| 任务 | 民族 | N | 总回忆率 | Rp+ | Rp- | Nrp | (Rp+) - Nrp | (Rp-) - Nrp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 自我 | 摩梭 | 31 | 0.42 (0.07) | 0.80 (0.08) | 0.31 (0.10) | 0.29 (0.11) | 0.51 (0.11) *** | 0.01 (0.11) |
| 汉族 | 31 | 0.41 (0.07) | 0.79 (0.14) | 0.29 (0.12) | 0.27 (0.15) | 0.53 (0.23) *** | 0.03 (0.20) | |
| 母亲 | 摩梭 | 36 | 0.43 (0.05) | 0.78 (0.10) | 0.31 (0.08) | 0.30 (0.07) | 0.48 (0.12) *** | 0.01 (0.07) |
| 汉族 | 30 | 0.43 (0.08) | 0.76 (0.16) | 0.33 (0.17) | 0.32 (0.11) | 0.44 (0.18) *** | 0.01 (0.18) | |
| 姨母 | 摩梭 | 31 | 0.41 (0.09) | 0.78 (0.11) | 0.29 (0.11) | 0.28 (0.14) | 0.50 (0.16) *** | 0.01 (0.16) |
| 汉族 | 34 | 0.44 (0.12) | 0.78 (0.16) | 0.29 (0.14) | 0.36 (0.21) | 0.42 (0.28) *** | -0.07 (0.18) * | |
| 他人 | 摩梭 | 33 | 0.40 (0.08) | 0.76 (0.16) | 0.21 (0.13) | 0.31 (0.14) | 0.45 (0.19) *** | -0.10 (0.23) * |
| 汉族 | 31 | 0.44 (0.10) | 0.78 (0.13) | 0.26 (0.13) | 0.35 (0.15) | 0.42 (0.16) *** | -0.09 (0.20) * |
表1摩梭、汉族被试在四种不同加工任务中的回忆率
| 任务 | 民族 | N | 总回忆率 | Rp+ | Rp- | Nrp | (Rp+) - Nrp | (Rp-) - Nrp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 自我 | 摩梭 | 31 | 0.42 (0.07) | 0.80 (0.08) | 0.31 (0.10) | 0.29 (0.11) | 0.51 (0.11) *** | 0.01 (0.11) |
| 汉族 | 31 | 0.41 (0.07) | 0.79 (0.14) | 0.29 (0.12) | 0.27 (0.15) | 0.53 (0.23) *** | 0.03 (0.20) | |
| 母亲 | 摩梭 | 36 | 0.43 (0.05) | 0.78 (0.10) | 0.31 (0.08) | 0.30 (0.07) | 0.48 (0.12) *** | 0.01 (0.07) |
| 汉族 | 30 | 0.43 (0.08) | 0.76 (0.16) | 0.33 (0.17) | 0.32 (0.11) | 0.44 (0.18) *** | 0.01 (0.18) | |
| 姨母 | 摩梭 | 31 | 0.41 (0.09) | 0.78 (0.11) | 0.29 (0.11) | 0.28 (0.14) | 0.50 (0.16) *** | 0.01 (0.16) |
| 汉族 | 34 | 0.44 (0.12) | 0.78 (0.16) | 0.29 (0.14) | 0.36 (0.21) | 0.42 (0.28) *** | -0.07 (0.18) * | |
| 他人 | 摩梭 | 33 | 0.40 (0.08) | 0.76 (0.16) | 0.21 (0.13) | 0.31 (0.14) | 0.45 (0.19) *** | -0.10 (0.23) * |
| 汉族 | 31 | 0.44 (0.10) | 0.78 (0.13) | 0.26 (0.13) | 0.35 (0.15) | 0.42 (0.16) *** | -0.09 (0.20) * |
图1摩梭被试和汉族被试在不同条件下对Rp+材料与Nrp材料的回忆率
图1摩梭被试和汉族被试在不同条件下对Rp+材料与Nrp材料的回忆率
图2摩梭人和汉族人在不同条件下Rp-材料与Nrp材料的回忆率
图2摩梭人和汉族人在不同条件下Rp-材料与Nrp材料的回忆率
图3摩梭被试四种加工条件下的提取诱发遗忘效应
图3摩梭被试四种加工条件下的提取诱发遗忘效应
图4汉族被试四种加工条件下的提取诱发遗忘效应
图4汉族被试四种加工条件下的提取诱发遗忘效应参考文献 61
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