) 1中国科学院心理研究所行为科学院重点实验室, 北京 100101
2中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京 100049
收稿日期:2020-12-07发布日期:2021-06-25通讯作者:张镇E-mail:zhangz@psych.ac.cn基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(71774157);国家自然科学基金项目(71273255);“国家治理体系与治理能力建设”自主部署项目(E0CX083 008)Negative exchange and mental health of the elderly
XU Lujie1,2, ZHANG Zhen1,2() 1Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Received:2020-12-07Published:2021-06-25Contact:ZHANG Zhen E-mail:zhangz@psych.ac.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 积极交往和消极交往分别会对老年人的心理健康产生有利和不利影响, 然而, 探讨消极交往的负面作用及其机制的研究相对较少。目前研究主要涉及消极交往的类型(社会隔离、丧偶或离婚)、来源(配偶、子女或朋友)及强度, 并探讨感知评估、自尊的中介作用及性别、婚姻、受教育水平等变量的调节作用。社会情感选择理论、优劣势整合理论、社会交换理论及镜中我理论在一定范围内对消极交往的负面作用做出了合理解释。采取“原谅”或“认知疏远”的应对策略能有效缓解消极交往的负面影响。未来研究应进一步考察不同文化背景及社会网络背景下消极交往对老年人心理健康的影响, 同时加强对消极交往的理论研究和线上研究, 并关注相关的干预研究。
图/表 1
表1四个理论的解释机制及范围
| 理论 | 主要观点 | 解释机制 | 解释范围或群体 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 社会情感选择理论 | 消极交往阻碍老年人情感目标的顺利实现, 进而损害其心理健康 | 维持情感目标 | 老年人 |
| 优劣势整合理论 | 高强度的消极交往导致生理状态的持续紧张, 降低幸福感 | 生理状态 | 高强度/持续的/不可控的消极交往 |
| 社会交换理论 | 消极交往中的弱势方相对被动, 自尊感降低, 心理健康状况较差 | “自尊感”或“公平感” | 社会交往中的弱势方 |
| 镜中我理论 | 消极交往过程中消极气氛内化为个体对自我的负面认知, 导致心理健康的恶化 | 自我认知 | 所有群体 |
表1四个理论的解释机制及范围
| 理论 | 主要观点 | 解释机制 | 解释范围或群体 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 社会情感选择理论 | 消极交往阻碍老年人情感目标的顺利实现, 进而损害其心理健康 | 维持情感目标 | 老年人 |
| 优劣势整合理论 | 高强度的消极交往导致生理状态的持续紧张, 降低幸福感 | 生理状态 | 高强度/持续的/不可控的消极交往 |
| 社会交换理论 | 消极交往中的弱势方相对被动, 自尊感降低, 心理健康状况较差 | “自尊感”或“公平感” | 社会交往中的弱势方 |
| 镜中我理论 | 消极交往过程中消极气氛内化为个体对自我的负面认知, 导致心理健康的恶化 | 自我认知 | 所有群体 |
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