
1辽宁师范大学心理学院, 大连 116029
2内蒙古师范大学心理学院, 呼和浩特 010022
收稿日期:
2020-04-11出版日期:
2021-06-15发布日期:
2021-04-25通讯作者:
蒋重清E-mail:jzqcjj@hotmail.com基金资助:
辽宁省教育厅自然科学基金重大攻关项目(LZ2020001)Effects of expression on social perceptions of faces
LI Yaning1,2, TIAN Yangyang1, WU Qi1, LENG Haizhou1, JIANG Zhongqing1(
1College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
2School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
Received:
2020-04-11Online:
2021-06-15Published:
2021-04-25Contact:
JIANG Zhongqing E-mail:jzqcjj@hotmail.com摘要/Abstract
摘要: 面孔社会知觉指知觉者基于面孔所有者的面孔信息对面孔所有者的人格特质等进行知觉推断的过程。表情是人们进行面孔社会知觉的关键线索之一。表情可以单独通过本身的局部特征和结构信息影响面孔社会知觉, 还可以通过对知觉者的情绪诱发或表情传达的行为倾向性来影响面孔社会知觉的结果。考虑到现实生活中多种表情类型的组合及特定表情(伪装表情)高频出现以及知觉者判断人格特质存在主观性, 未来研究要加强多种表情类型对面孔社会知觉的影响研究, 还要进一步将知觉者因素作为未来研究的变量。
图/表 1

图1表情影响面孔社会知觉的三条途径

参考文献 76
[1] | 窦东徽, 刘肖岑, 张玉洁. (2014). 娃娃脸效应: 对婴儿面孔的偏好及过度泛化. 心理科学进展, 22(5), 760-771. |
[2] | 冯柔佳, 毕研玲, 付小丽, 王佳, 李梦珠. (2020). 伪装情绪的人际影响及其作用机制. 心理科学进展, 28(10), 1762-1776. |
[3] | 管健. (2009). 刻板印象从内容模型到系统模型的发展与应用. 心理科学进展, 17(4), 845-851. |
[4] | 李帅霞, 李萍, 王伟, 何蔚祺, 罗文波. (2017). 基于眼部线索的面孔表情加工及神经机制. 心理科学进展, 25(2), 221-229. |
[5] | 李雅宁, 蒋重清, 吴琦, 冷海州, 李东. (2020). 青年人高兴与中性表情对面孔社会知觉的影响. 中国心理卫生杂志, 34(7), 613-619. |
[6] | 刘晨, 温芳芳, 佐斌. (2019). 以貌取人可行吗?——基于面孔的特质推理及准确性. 心理科学, 42(1), 150-156. |
[7] | 刘亚, 王振宏, 孔风. (2011). 情绪具身观: 情绪研究的新视角. 心理科学进展, 19(1), 50-59. |
[8] | 马惠霞, 宋英杰, 刘瑞凝, 朱雅丽, 杨琼, 郝胤庭. (2016). 情绪的动机维度对趋避行为的影响. 心理科学, 39(5), 1026-1032. |
[9] | 侠牧, 李雪榴, 李红, 杨柯. (2015). 左前额叶与趋近动机加工的关系. 心理科学进展, 23(5), 815-821. |
[10] | 张馨, 蒋重清. (2015). 面孔知觉中的适应现象. 心理科学进展, 23(8), 1340-1347. |
[11] | 郑璞, 刘聪慧, 俞国良. (2012). 情绪诱发方法述评. 心理科学进展, 20(1), 45-55. |
[12] | 郑治国, 俞宗火, 廖华, 刘建平. (2017). 能以貌取人吗? 面孔宽高比研究述评. 心理科学, 40(5), 1235-1241. |
[13] | Adolphs, R. (2003). Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4(3), 165-178. pmid: 12612630 |
[14] | Alguacil, S., Madrid, E., Espín, A. M., & Ruz, M. (2017). Facial identity and emotional expression as predictors during economic decisions. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 17(2), 315-329. |
[15] | Bell, R., Koranyi, N., Buchner, A., & Rothermund, K. (2017). The implicit cognition of reciprocal exchange: Automatic retrieval of positive and negative experiences with partners in a prisoner's dilemma game. Cognition & Emotion, 31(4), 657-670. |
[16] | Bodenhausen, G. V., Kramer, G. P., & Süsser, K. (1994). Happiness and stereotypic thinking in social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(4), 621-632. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.621URL |
[17] | Calvo, M. G., álvarez-Plaza, P., & Fernández-Martín, A. (2017). The contribution of facial regions to judgements of happiness and trustworthiness from dynamic expressions. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 29(5), 618-625. doi: 10.1080/20445911.2017.1302450URL |
[18] | Calvo, M. G., Krumhuber, E. G., & Fernández-Martín, A. (2019). Visual attention mechanisms in happiness versus trustworthiness processing of facial expressions. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(4), 729-741. doi: 10.1177/1747021818763747URL |
[19] | Campagna, R. L., Mislin, A. A., Kong, D. T., & Bottom, W. P. (2016). Strategic consequences of emotional misrepresentation in negotiation: The blowback effect. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(5), 605-624. doi: 10.1037/apl0000072pmid: 26653531 |
[20] | Canadas, E., & Mast, M. S. (2017). Drawn towards what others seem to like: Implicit preference for objects and people looked at with a duchenne smile. Motivation & Emotion, 41(5), 628-635. |
[21] | Caulfield, F., Ewing, L., Bank, S., & Rhodes, G. (2015). Judging trustworthiness from faces: Emotion cues modulate trustworthiness judgments in young children. British Journal of Psychology, 107(3), 503-518. doi: 10.1111/bjop.2016.107.issue-3URL |
[22] | Caulfield, F., Ewing, L., Burton, N., Avard, E., & Rhodes, G. (2014). Facial trustworthiness judgments in children with ASD are modulated by happy and angry emotional cues. PloS One, 9(5), e97644. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097644URL |
[23] | Centorrino, S., Djemai, E., Hopfensitz, A., Milinski, M., & Seabright, P. (2015). Honest signaling in trust interactions: Smiles rated as genuine induce trust and signal higher earning opportunities. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36(1), 8-16. |
[24] | Chen, F. F., Jing, Y. M., & Lee, J. M. (2014). The looks of a leader: Competent and trustworthy, but not dominant. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 51, 27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2013.10.008URL |
[25] | Cheng, J. T., Tracy, J. L., Foulsham, T., Kingstone, A., & Henrich, J. (2013). Two ways to the top: Evidence that dominance and prestige are distinct yet viable avenues to social rank and influence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(1), 103-125. doi: 10.1037/a0030398pmid: 23163747 |
[26] | Daar, M., & Wilson, H. R. (2012). The face viewpoint aftereffect: Adapting to full faces, head outlines, and features. Vision Research, 53(1), 54-59. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2011.11.009URL |
[27] | de Waal, F. B. M., & Luttrell, L. M. (1985). The formal hierarchy of rhesus macaques: An investigation of the bared-teeth display. American Journal of Primatology, 9(2), 73-85. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2345URL |
[28] | Ekman, P., Freisen, W. V., & Ancoli, S. (1980). Facial signs of emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(6), 1125-1134. doi: 10.1037/h0077722URL |
[29] | Engell, A. D., Haxby, J. V., & Todorov, A. (2007). Implicit trustworthiness decisions: Automatic coding of face properties in the human amygdala. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(9), 1508-1519. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.9.1508URL |
[30] | Engell, A. D., Todorov, A., & Haxby, J. V. (2010). Common neural mechanisms for the evaluation of facial trustworthiness and emotional expressions as revealed by behavioral adaptation. Perception, 39(7), 931-941. doi: 10.1068/p6633URL |
[31] | Fernández-Martín, A., álvarez-Plaza, P., Carqué, L., & Calvo, M. G. (2017). Trustworthiness of a smile as a function of changes in the eye expression. Psicothema, 29(4), 462-468. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2016.306pmid: 29048304 |
[32] | Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(2), 77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005URL |
[33] | Gaertig, C., Barasch, A., Levine, E. E., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2019). When does anger boost status? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 85, Article 103876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103876 |
[34] | Ghashghaei, H. T., & Barbas, H. (2002). Pathways for emotion: Interactions of prefrontal and anterior temporal pathways in the amygdala of the rhesus monkey. Neuroscience, 115(4), 1261-1279. pmid: 12453496 |
[35] | Gutiérrez-García, A., Calvo, M. G., & Eysenck, M. W. (2018). Social anxiety and detection of facial untrustworthiness: Spatio-temporal oculomotor profiles. Psychiatry Research, 262(1), 55-62. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.031URL |
[36] | Hall, J., Harris, J. M., Sprengelmeyer, R., Sprengelmeyer, A., Young, A. W., Santos, I. M., ... Lawrie, S. M. (2004). Social cognition and face processing in schizophrenia. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 185(2), 169-170. doi: 10.1192/bjp.185.2.169URL |
[37] | Hareli, S., David, S., & Hess, U. (2016). The role of emotion transition for the perception of social dominance and affiliation. Cognition & Emotion, 30(7), 1260-1270. |
[38] | Haxby, J. V., Hoffman, E. A., & Gobbini, M. I. (2000). The distributed human neural system for face perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(6), 223-233. pmid: 10827445 |
[39] | Hennig-Thurau, T., Groth, M., Paul, M., & Gremler, D. D. (2006). Are all smiles created equal? How emotional contagion and emotional labor affect service relationships. Journal of Marketing, 70(3), 58-73. doi: 10.1509/jmkg.70.3.058URL |
[40] | Hess, U., Adams, R. B., & Kleck, R. E. (2005). Who may frown and who should smile? Dominance, affiliation, and the display of happiness and anger. Cognition & Emotion, 19(4), 515-536. |
[41] | Hess, U., Blairy, S., & Kleck, R. E. (2000). The influence of facial emotion displays, gender, and ethnicity on judgments of dominance and affiliation. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24(4), 265-283. doi: 10.1023/A:1006623213355URL |
[42] | Jessen, S., & Grossmann, T. (2017). Neural evidence for the subliminal processing of facial trustworthiness in infancy. Neuropsychologia, 126, 46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.04.025URL |
[43] | Keating, C. F., Mazur, A., & Segall, M. H. (1977). Facial gestures which influence the perception of status. Sociometry, 40(4), 374-378. doi: 10.2307/3033487URL |
[44] | Keltner, D., & Buswell, B. N. (1997). Embarrassment: Its distinct form and appeasement functions. Psychological Bulletin, 122(3), 250-270. pmid: 9354148 |
[45] | Kraus, M. W., & Chen, T.-W. D. (2013). A winning smile? Smile intensity, physical dominance, and fighter performance. Emotion, 13(2), 270-279. doi: 10.1037/a0030745URL |
[46] | Labott, S. M., Martin, R. B., Eason, P. S., & Berkey, E. Y. (1991). Social reactions to the expression of emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 5(5-6),397-417. |
[47] | Ma, F. L., Xu, F., & Luo, X. M. (2015). Children's and adults' judgments of facial trustworthiness: The relationship to facial attractiveness. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 121(1), 179-198. |
[48] | Maner, J. K., & Case, C. R. (2016). Dominance and prestige: Dual strategies for navigating social hierarchies. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 54, 129-180. |
[49] | Mehu, M., Little, A. C., & Dunbar, R. I. M. (2008). Sex differences in the effect of smiling on social judgments: An evolutionary approach. Journal of Social Evolutionary & Cultural Psychology, 2(3), 103-121. |
[50] | Mondloch, C. J., Gerada, A., Proietti, V., & Nelson, N. L. (2019). The influence of subtle facial expressions on children's first impressions of trustworthiness and dominance is not adult-like. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 180, 19-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2018.12.002URL |
[51] | Montepare, J. M., & Dobish, H. (2003). The contribution of emotion perceptions and their overgeneralizations to trait impressions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 27(4), 237-254. |
[52] | Mueser, K. T., Grau, B. W., Sussman, S., & Rosen, A. J. (1984). You're only as pretty as you feel: Facial expression as a determinant of physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(2), 469-478. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.46.2.469URL |
[53] | Na, J., Kim, S., Oh, H., Choi, I., & O'Toole, A. (2015). Competence judgments based on facial appearance are better predictors of American elections than of Korean elections. Psychological Science, 26(7), 1107-1113. doi: 10.1177/0956797615576489URL |
[54] | Niedenthal, P. M., Mermillod, M., Maringer, M., & Hess, U. (2010). The simulation of smiles (SIMS) model: Embodied simulation and the meaning of facial expression. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 33(6), 447-448. |
[55] | Oh, D., Dotsch, R., Porter, J., & Todorov, A. (2020). Gender biases in impressions from faces: Empirical studies and computational models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(2), 323-342. |
[56] | Olszanowski, M., Parzuchowski, M., & Szymkow, A. (2019). When the smile is not enough: The interactive role of smiling and facial characteristics in forming judgments about trustworthiness and dominance. Roczniki Psychologiczne, 22(1), 35-52. doi: 10.18290/rpsych.2019.22.1-3URL |
[57] | Oosterhof, N. N., & Todorov, A. (2008). The functional basis of face evaluation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(32), 11087-11092. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805664105pmid: 18685089 |
[58] | Oosterhof, N. N., & Todorov, A. (2009). Shared perceptual basis of emotional expressions and trustworthiness impressions from faces. Emotion, 9(1), 128-133. doi: 10.1037/a0014520URL |
[59] | Over, H., & Cook, R. (2018). Where do spontaneous first impressions of faces come from? Cognition, 170, 190-200. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.10.002URL |
[60] | Perron, M., Roy-Charland, A., Chamberland, J. A., Bleach, C., & Pelot, A. (2016). Differences between traces of negative emotions in smile judgment. Motivation & Emotion, 40(3), 478-488. |
[61] | Reis, H. T., Wilson, I. M., Monestere, C., Bernstein, S., Clark, K., Seidl, E., ... Radoane, K. (1990). What is smiling is beautiful and good. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20(3), 259-267. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.v20.3URL |
[62] | Said, C. P., Sebe, N., & Todorov, A. (2009). Structural resemblance to emotional expressions predicts evaluation of emotionally neutral faces. Emotion, 9(2), 260-264. doi: 10.1037/a0014681URL |
[63] | Sasse, J., Spears, R., & Gordijn, E. H. (2018). When to reveal what you feel: How emotions towards antagonistic out-group and third party audiences are expressed strategically. PloS One, 13(9), e0202163. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202163URL |
[64] | Sutherland, C. A. M., Young, A. W., & Rhodes, G. (2017). Facial first impressions from another angle: How social judgements are influenced by changeable and invariant facial properties. British Journal of Psychology, 108(2), 397-415. doi: 10.1111/bjop.2017.108.issue-2URL |
[65] | Tiedens, L. Z. (2001). Anger and advancement versus sadness and subjugation: The effect of negative emotion expressions on social status conferral. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(1), 86-94. pmid: 11195894 |
[66] | Todorov, A., Baron, S. G., & Oosterhof, N. N. (2008). Evaluating face trustworthiness: A model based approach. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 3(2), 119-127. |
[67] | Todorov, A., Olivola, C. Y., Dotsch, R., & Mende-Siedlecki, P. (2015). Social attributions from faces: Determinants, consequences, accuracy, and functional significance. Annual Review of Psychology, 66(1), 519-545. |
[68] | Trent, J., & Ferguson, Y. (2020). How ethnicity, expression, and study design influence first impressions of approachability. Psychological Reports, 124(2), 862-895. doi: 10.1177/0033294120909458URL |
[69] | Wang, Z., He, X., & Liu, F. (2015). Examining the effect of smile intensity on age perceptions. Psychological Reports, 117(1), 188-205. doi: 10.2466/07.PR0.117c10z7pmid: 26107108 |
[70] | Wang, Z., Mao, H. F., Li, Y. J., & Liu, F. (2017). Smile big or not? Effects of smile intensity on perceptions of warmth and competence. Journal of Consumer Research, 43(5), 787-805. |
[71] | Wegrzyn, M., Bruckhaus, I., & Kissler, J. (2015). Categorical perception of fear and anger expressions in whole, masked and composite faces. PloS One, 10(8), e0134790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134790URL |
[72] | Willis, M. L., Palermo, R., Burke, D., Mcgrillen, K., & Miller, L. (2010). Orbitofrontal cortex lesions result in abnormal social judgements to emotional faces. Neuropsychologia, 48(7), 2182-2187. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.010pmid: 20399220 |
[73] | Wilson, J. P., & Rule, N. O. (2015). Facial trustworthiness predicts extreme criminal-sentencing outcomes. Psychological Science, 26(8), 1325-1331. doi: 10.1177/0956797615590992pmid: 26162847 |
[74] | Xu, H., Dayan, P., Lipkin, R. M., & Qian, N. (2008). Adaptation across the cortical hierarchy: Low-level curve adaptation affects high-level facial-expression judgments. Journal of Neuroscience, 28(13), 3374-3383. |
[75] | Zebrowitz, L. A. (2017). First impressions from faces. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(3), 237-242. doi: 10.1177/0963721416683996pmid: 28630532 |
[76] | Zebrowitz, L. A., & Montepare, J. M. (2008). Social psychological face perception: Why appearance matters. Social & Personality Psychology Compass, 2(3), 1497-1517. |
相关文章 15
[1] | 侯文霞, 田欣然, 刘立志, 易冰, 欧玉晓, 陈文锋, 尚俊辰. 面孔吸引力同化的连续性效应[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(7): 1210-1215. |
[2] | 荆伟, 张婕, 付锦霞, 田琳, 赵微. 婴幼儿面孔注意偏向:先天倾向与发展轨迹——来自正常和孤独症婴幼儿的证据[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(7): 1216-1230. |
[3] | 何蔚祺, 李帅霞, 赵东方. 群体面孔情绪感知的神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(5): 761-772. |
[4] | 霍鹏辉, 冯成志, 陈庭继. 注视者及观察者因素对注视知觉的影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(2): 238-251. |
[5] | 王甦菁, 邹博超, 刘瑞, 李振, 赵国朕, 刘烨, 傅小兰. 隐藏情绪分析与识别方法[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(9): 1426-1436. |
[6] | 谢志鹏, 赵晶, 汪涛. 消费者一定偏爱“笑脸”吗?产品外观中的表情元素对消费者的影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(8): 1256-1272. |
[7] | 温芳芳, 佐斌, 马书瀚, 谢志杰. 面孔识别的自我群体偏向[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(7): 1164-1171. |
[8] | 范晓壮, 毕小彬, 谢宇, 贺荟中. 高功能自闭症个体对威胁性情绪面孔的注意偏向[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(7): 1172-1186. |
[9] | 李庆功, 王震炎, 孙捷元, 师妍. 网约车场景中声誉和面孔可信度对女性信任判断的影响以及直觉性思维的调节作用[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(5): 746-751. |
[10] | 刘昕鹤, 王宁, 王锦琰, 罗非. 疼痛背景下时距知觉的变化[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(5): 766-777. |
[11] | 贺则宇, 张紫琦, 李可轩, 何蔚祺. 空间频率影响恐惧面孔表情加工的神经通路[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(4): 579-587. |
[12] | 于全磊, 陈建文, 谭秀娟, 邓雪菲, 赵庆柏, 周治金. 父子(女)间面孔相似性的进化适应机制及其影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(3): 476-485. |
[13] | 冉光明, 李睿, 张琪. 高社交焦虑者识别动态情绪面孔的神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(12): 1979-1988. |
[14] | 杨国春, 伍海燕, 齐玥, 刘勋. 人类性别加工的认知神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(12): 2008-2017. |
[15] | 丁小斌, 刘建邑, 王亚鹏, 康铁君, 党宸. 情绪变化的自动化加工:来自EMMN的启示[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(1): 85-97. |
PDF全文下载地址:
http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlkxjz/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=5460