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中国科学院心理研究所, 心理健康院重点实验室, 北京 100101
中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京 100049
收稿日期:
2019-11-19出版日期:
2020-09-15发布日期:
2020-07-24通讯作者:
王宁E-mail:wangn@psych.ac.cn基金资助:
* 国家自然科学基金面上项目(31671140)Animal research paradigm and related neural mechanism of interval timing
WENG Chunchun, WANG Ning(![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlkxjz/images/email.png)
CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China
Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
Received:
2019-11-19Online:
2020-09-15Published:
2020-07-24Contact:
WANG Ning E-mail:wangn@psych.ac.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要: 在探索时距知觉的脑机制的过程中, 相对于人类被试相关研究, 动物研究可以提供较多的药理学、分子生物学、单个神经元电生理学以及光遗传等方面的研究证据。目前较为常用的时距知觉动物研究范式包括时间二分法、峰值间隔法以及低比率差别强化法等。根据不同的研究需求, 动物研究的范式常会进行调整。对时距知觉的动物研究的探讨将基于两方面展开:(1) 常用的时距知觉动物研究范式的介绍及比较; (2) 基于动物研究范式的时距知觉神经机制研究进展, 旨在为深入探索时间知觉的心理学相关研究提供参考。
图/表 1
表1时距知觉的动物研究范式的比较
范式类别 | 重要参数 | 参数意义 | 优点 | 缺点 |
---|---|---|---|---|
时间二分任务 | 主观相等点 | 时距知觉加工速度 | 更适用于考察时间敏感性 | 动物需要进行二分判断, 而不是直接估计时距 |
韦伯分数 | 时间敏感性 | |||
峰值间隔法 | 峰值时间 | 时距知觉加工速度 | 动物在操作过程中较为自由, 可以主观判断时距 | 动物反复按压杠杆, 在记录神经元时容易受到运动的影响 |
峰值反应率 | 个体兴奋度 | |||
韦伯分数 | 时间敏感性 | |||
低比率差别强化法 | 峰值时间 | 时距知觉加工速度 | 动物需要等待特定时长, 更接近人类研究的产生式法 | 容易受到个体冲动性的影响 |
冲动反应数&未强化反应数 | 个体冲动性 | |||
自由操作心理物理法 | 无差别点 | 时距知觉加工速度 | 行为操作快速, 适用于长时距研究 | 自由操作过程中易混杂其他因素 |
失匹配负波 | 波幅和潜伏期 | 对时距的辨别 | 不受注意限制, 可考察时距知觉的自动加工过程 | 观察的时间窗较小 |
录制观察法 | 某种行为的时长 | 时距知觉加工速度 | 可观察动物在自然状态下日常行为的时距知觉变化, 不受到训练因素的影响 | 可量化的日常行为目前仍然较少 |
表1时距知觉的动物研究范式的比较
范式类别 | 重要参数 | 参数意义 | 优点 | 缺点 |
---|---|---|---|---|
时间二分任务 | 主观相等点 | 时距知觉加工速度 | 更适用于考察时间敏感性 | 动物需要进行二分判断, 而不是直接估计时距 |
韦伯分数 | 时间敏感性 | |||
峰值间隔法 | 峰值时间 | 时距知觉加工速度 | 动物在操作过程中较为自由, 可以主观判断时距 | 动物反复按压杠杆, 在记录神经元时容易受到运动的影响 |
峰值反应率 | 个体兴奋度 | |||
韦伯分数 | 时间敏感性 | |||
低比率差别强化法 | 峰值时间 | 时距知觉加工速度 | 动物需要等待特定时长, 更接近人类研究的产生式法 | 容易受到个体冲动性的影响 |
冲动反应数&未强化反应数 | 个体冲动性 | |||
自由操作心理物理法 | 无差别点 | 时距知觉加工速度 | 行为操作快速, 适用于长时距研究 | 自由操作过程中易混杂其他因素 |
失匹配负波 | 波幅和潜伏期 | 对时距的辨别 | 不受注意限制, 可考察时距知觉的自动加工过程 | 观察的时间窗较小 |
录制观察法 | 某种行为的时长 | 时距知觉加工速度 | 可观察动物在自然状态下日常行为的时距知觉变化, 不受到训练因素的影响 | 可量化的日常行为目前仍然较少 |
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