) 西南大学心理学部, 认知与人格教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715
收稿日期:2019-01-04出版日期:2019-09-15发布日期:2019-07-24通讯作者:袁加锦E-mail:yuanjiaj@swu.edu.cn;yuanjiajin168@126.com基金资助:中国自然科学基金(NSFC31671164);中国自然科学基金(NSFC31871103);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(SWU1809359)The automaticity in cognitive processing: From dichotomy to gradual view
CHEN ShengDong, CHEN YongQiang, GAO Wei, LUO Li, YANG JieMin, YUAN JiaJin() School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Received:2019-01-04Online:2019-09-15Published:2019-07-24Contact:YUAN JiaJin E-mail:yuanjiaj@swu.edu.cn;yuanjiajin168@126.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 认知自动化是人类学习和进步的必经之路。传统的二分法通过无意识等特征简单地将认知加工过程分为受控加工与自动化加工。但这些特征取决于研究者所采用的研究范式, 不具有普适性。近年来研究者根据注意资源有限理论提出自动化是一个渐进的过程, 而注意资源需求的减少是自动化发展的核心特征。相比二分法, 这种渐进观更加符合实证研究的发现。而且, 渐进观在信息加工自动化理论和技能习得理论的阶段性中都得以体现, 进一步证明了渐进观的普适性。
图/表 1
图1情绪调节的两维度模型(Braunstein et al., 2017) 注：这一模型提出情绪调节目标(Y轴)和情绪变化过程(X轴)是两个独立的维度。目标维度反映情绪调节目标的本质：目标既可以是外显和有意识的也可以是内隐和无意识的。情绪变化维度反映情绪变化过程的本质：更加自动化的变化过程意味着其运行过程是更加非有意识的, 卷入了更多非自上而下的控制过程, 而且这种变化过程往往是随着时间逐渐进行的。 (A)每个点表示每种情绪调节策略典型的研究示例; (B)虚线大体划分了四种典型的情绪调节。该图片来自Braunstein et al., (2017) , 获得再印许可。
图1情绪调节的两维度模型(Braunstein et al., 2017) 注：这一模型提出情绪调节目标(Y轴)和情绪变化过程(X轴)是两个独立的维度。目标维度反映情绪调节目标的本质：目标既可以是外显和有意识的也可以是内隐和无意识的。情绪变化维度反映情绪变化过程的本质：更加自动化的变化过程意味着其运行过程是更加非有意识的, 卷入了更多非自上而下的控制过程, 而且这种变化过程往往是随着时间逐渐进行的。 (A)每个点表示每种情绪调节策略典型的研究示例; (B)虚线大体划分了四种典型的情绪调节。该图片来自Braunstein et al., (2017) , 获得再印许可。参考文献 45
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