1.Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China 2.Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China 3.Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China 4.State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, China 5.Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China 6.State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 7.Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China 8.Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China 9.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 10.Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China 11.School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China 12.Huaneng Shandong Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Co.Ltd, Rongcheng 264312, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11605294, 11675268, 11790321, 11975317) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0401601).
Received Date:19 April 2021
Accepted Date:05 July 2021
Available Online:16 August 2021
Published Online:20 November 2021
Abstract:The data of neutron capture cross section are very important for the research of nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear energy development. Owing to the limitation of neutron source and detector, the experimental data of neutron capture cross section in an energy range of 1 eV–10 keV were almost blank in China. The first Chinese gamma-ray total absorption facility has been constructed in the key laboratory of nuclear data at China institute of atomic energy, which consists of 40 BaF2 detector units. The BaF2 crystal shell with a thickness of 15 cm and an inner radius of 10 cm covers 95.2% of the solid angle. On-line measurement method of neutron capture reaction cross section is established on the back-streaming white neutron source of China spallation neutron source by using the upgraded facility. The cross section of 197Au neutron capture reaction is measured for the first time under the experimental condition of irregular 30 mm neutron beam spot. The measured position of resonance peak is well consistent with the relevant data of ENDF evaluation database, which verifies the reliability of the measurement device and measurement technology, and thus laying the foundation for the acquisition of high precision cross section in future. Keywords:gamma-ray total absorption facility/ cross section of neutron capture/ China spallation neutron source/ white neutron source
Back-n通过不同孔径的中子开关和两个准直器的组合, 可以在实验厅2提供? = 30, 60 mm两种圆形束斑和90 mm × 90 mm的方形束斑[23](见表1).
中子束斑 尺寸
中子开关 孔径
准直器1# 孔径
准直器2# 孔径
?30 mm
?12 mm
?15 mm
?40 mm
?60 mm
?50 mm
?50 mm
?58 mm
90 mm × 90 mm
78 mm × 62 mm
76 mm × 76 mm
90 mm × 90 mm
表1不同准直器孔径下实验厅2中子束斑尺寸的模拟结果 Table1.Simulation result of neutron beam spot size at End-station 2 with different collimator aperture.
GTAF-II谱仪预留的中子束流出入口最窄位置小于?55 mm, 如果选择?60 mm的中子束流会直接打在BaF2探测器上, 产生散射中子的本底, 因此首次测量实验选择了?30 mm的中子束流, 同时为了提高中子注量率, 增加中子俘获事件发生的概率, 使用较大孔径的中子开关, 即选择中子开关?50 mm、准直器1# ?15 mm、准直器2# ?40 mm的组合. 此种实验条件下, 使用裂变室测量得到实验厅2的中子束流能谱如图3所示, 中子注量率为2.41 × 106 s–1·cm–2, 不确定度 < 3%[24]. 图 3 实验测得的实验厅2的中子束流能谱 Figure3. Experimental result of neutron energy spectrum at End-station 2.
首次测量实验结束后, 使用文献[25, 26]的方法, 在实验厅2(距散裂靶74.3 m处)通过中子照相机测量了1 eV—100 keV能量范围内的中子束斑剖面. 如图4所示, 实验测得的峰值强度半高值(FWHM)水平方向的长度为41.6 mm, 垂直方向的长度为27.8 mm, 峰值强度75%处在水平方向的长度为32.2 mm, 垂直方向的长度为17.8 mm, 束晕的尺寸为?49.8 mm. 可见在?25 mm(样品尺寸)的范围内, 中子束斑并不平整均匀, 存在较为明显的分布, 可能影响截面数据的不确定度. 图 4 中子束斑剖面及其在水平和垂直方向的分布 Figure4. Neutron beam profile and distribution in horizontal and vertical directions.