1.CRRC Qingdao Sifang CO., LTD., Qingdao 266111, China 2.Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China 3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFB1200505) and the Engineering Research Center for Complex Trajectory Processing Technology and Equipment, the Education Ministry of China, Xiangtan University, China (Grant No. FZGJ2020-009)
Received Date:12 May 2021
Accepted Date:07 June 2021
Available Online:08 October 2021
Published Online:20 October 2021
Abstract:Graphene has shown the great potential applications in the field of solid lubricants due to its outstanding mechanical properties and chemical inertness. The introduction of interfacial current at the graphene-lubricated surface is expected to tune the lubrication performance of graphene. Here in this work, an atomistic configuration of single-crystal silicon tip sliding against graphene supported by an elastic substrate is constructed to investigate the current-carrying friction behavior of graphene by using molecular dynamics simulations. The effects of applied voltages, normal loads and substrate stiffnesses on the current-carrying friction behavior of graphene are systematically explored. The simulation results show that when the bias voltage is applied to the graphene-based system, the friction force undertaken by the tip is one order of magnitude larger than when applying no bias voltage. The friction increases with the magnitude of bias voltage increasing, but the increasing rate varies in different directions of bias voltage. A similar friction-voltage relationship of graphene under different normal loads and substrate stiffnesses indicates its relatively stable current-carrying friction behavior and the robust current-carrying effect. The increased friction force of graphene after the introduction of interfacial current can be attributed to the expansion of current-carrying region, causing Coulomb interactions instead of van der Waals interactions to dominate the adhesions at the friction interface. Based on the Prandtl-Tomlinson model, the current-carrying friction mechanism of graphene is systematically discussed. It is found that such a friction mechanism is different from the pucker effect of graphene, but follows the energy barrier theory. This work promotes the graphene to be used as the typical solid lubricant under the complex operation conditions with the voltage-induced current going through friction interfaces. Keywords:graphene/ current-carrying friction/ energy barrier/ molecular dynamics
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3.1.石墨烯的偏压载流摩擦行为
图2所示为最后30 ?滑动距离内石墨烯载流摩擦力的变化, 摩擦力的负号表示该力方向与针尖滑移方向相反. 为了对比载流前后石墨烯摩擦行为的变化, 统计无载流时石墨烯的摩擦力(见图2(a)). 从图2(a)中可以发现, 摩擦力曲线展示出较为平稳的黏滑特征, 其周期(2.4 ?)接近于石墨烯的晶格常数. 偏压时石墨烯的黏滑运动形式未发生变化, 但每个黏滑周期内的波动幅值却显著增大. 该幅值受偏压方向的影响, 负偏压的幅值要高于正偏压. 图 2 摩擦力随摩擦距离的变化 (a) 无偏压; (b) 正偏压; (c), (d)负偏压. (a)?(c)恒定fn, (d)恒定压痕深度 Figure2. Variations of friction force with sliding distance: (a) Without bias voltage, (b) with positive-bias; (c), (d) negative-bias voltage. (a)?(c) constant fn, (d) constant indentation depth.