Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51861030) and the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China (Grant No. 2019MS01002)
Received Date:02 April 2021
Accepted Date:23 May 2021
Available Online:07 June 2021
Published Online:05 October 2021
Abstract:In this paper, based on three-dimensional micromagnetic numerical simulation, the influences of the interface layer formed by the atomic diffusion at the interface on magnetic properties in parallel SmCo/Fe bilayer and perpendicular SmCo/Fe bilayer are investigated. For the parallel system, whose nucleation occurs in the second quadrant, as the interface layer thickness increases, the nucleation field and the pinning field increase gradually though the remanence decreases gradually, hence the maximum energy product first goes up and then comes down. As a result, in the system there occurs the transition from the exchange-spring to the rigid magnet. For the perpendicular system, with the increase of the interface layer thickness, a gradual transition from the first quadrant to the second quadrant happens to its nucleation. Although the pinning field experiences the changes from decreasing to unchanging and to increasing, the nucleation field and remanence both rise gradually. Therefore, the energy product is enhanced gradually. During the demagnetization, there appears a spin deviation within the film plane: the parallel system shows a progress of generation and disappearance of the flower and C states; however, the perpendicular system shows a progress of generation and disappearance of the vortex state. With the increase of the ratio of the SmCo atomic diffusion in the interface layer of parallel SmCo/Fe bilayers, the nucleation and pinning field go up, but the remanence decreases, and hence the maximum energy product first rises and then drops. For the two easy axis orientations and any interface layer thickness, the nucleation field rises with the increase of interface exchange energy constant, indicating that the existence of an interface layer between the soft layer and hard layer enhances the exchange coupling interaction between them. The model in this paper well simulates the relevant experimental results [ 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 072509]. Keywords:micromagnetic numerical simulation/ interface layer/ nucleation field/ energy product
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2.计算模型与方法本文采用的模型是硬磁/软磁双层膜体系, 如图1 所示. 取硬磁/软磁双层膜体系界面的中心为坐标原点, 建立o-xyz坐标系, z轴假设垂直于膜面. 图1(a)和图1(b)分别显示的是易轴e和外加磁场H的方向平行x轴和z轴. 图1中变量t定义为每层的厚度, 上角标s, h和i分别代表软磁层、硬磁层和界面层. $t^{\rm{s}}$和$t^{\rm{h}}$分别是界面原子没有扩散时软磁层和硬磁层的厚度, 图中的z = 0平面是硬磁层与软磁层之间的界面. 为了与实验结果[30]相比较, 本文中的计算模型是硬磁相中界面附近的原子扩散到软磁相, 即界面层存在于原软磁相一侧. 从–t s到–t i、从–t i到0和从0到t h分别对应软磁层、界面层和硬磁层. 图 1 本文基本方案为t s + t i + t h = 15 nm, 计算范围从–t s到t h. 计算模型 (a) 易轴平行膜面; (b) 易轴垂直膜面 Figure1. The basic scheme in our work, with regions calculated from –t s to t h when t s + t i + t h = 15 nm. Fig. 1(a) and (b) show the model for the calculation of the easy axis parallel and perpendicular to the film plane, respectively.
为了充分揭示磁化反转机制, 应讨论不同外磁场下膜面内的自旋分布. 图4和图5分别显示$ t^{\rm i} $ = 4 nm时易轴平行与垂直膜面取向SmCo(5 nm)/Fe(10–$ t^{\rm i} $ nm)双层膜不同外场下四个关键角$ {\theta ^{\text{s}}} $, $ {\theta ^{{{\text{i}}_1}}} $, $ {\theta ^{{{\text{i}}_{\text{2}}}}} $和$ {\theta ^{\text{h}}} $对应膜面内的自旋分布. 图 4$ t^{\rm i} $ = 4 nm时易轴平行膜面SmCo(5 nm)/Fe(10–$ t^{\rm i} $nm)双层膜在不同外磁场下一些膜面内的自旋分布 (a) H = –5.3 kOe时的软磁层表面; (b) H = –8.7 kOe时的软磁层表面; (c) H = –10.7 kOe时的硬磁层与界面层第二界面; (d) H = –11.3 kOe时的硬磁层表面. 显示比例为1∶12, 即图中的每一个磁矩代表12 × 12个计算的磁矩 Figure4. The spin distributions within some film planes for the parallel SmCo(5 nm)/Fe(10–$ t^{\rm i} $ nm) bilayer with $ t^{\rm i} $ = 4 nm under various applied magnetic fields: (a) H = –5.3 kOe, the soft layer surface; (b) H = –8.7 kOe, the soft layer surface; (c) H = –10.7 kOe, the second interface between the hard and interface layers; (d) H = –11.3 kOe, the hard layer surface. The adopted ratio 1∶12 for presentation. This means that one displayed magnetic moment at the figure stands for 12 × 12 calculated moments.
图 5$ t^{\rm i} $ = 4 nm时易轴垂直膜面取向SmCo(5 nm)/Fe(10–$ t^{\rm i} $ nm)双层膜不同外磁场下四个关键角对应膜面内的自旋分布 (a) H = 10.7 kOe时的软磁层表面; (b) H = 10.7 kOe时的软磁层与界面层第一界面; (c) H = 2.7 kOe时的硬磁层与界面层第二界面; (d) H = –14.0 kOe时的硬磁层表面. 显示比例为1∶12, 即图中的每一个磁矩代表12 × 12个计算的磁矩 Figure5. The spin distributions corresponding to four key angles within the film plane for the perpendicular SmCo(5 nm)/Fe(10–$ t^{\rm i} $ nm) bilayer with $ t^{\rm i} $ = 4 nm under various applied magnetic fields: (a) H = 10.7 kOe, the soft layer surface; (b) H = 10.7 kOe, the first interface between the soft and interface layers; (c) H = 2.7 kOe, the second interface between the hard and interface layers; (d) H = –14.0 kOe, the hard layer surface. The adopted ratio 1∶12 for presentation. This means that one displayed magnetic moment at the figure stands for 12 × 12 calculated moments.