1.School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 2.Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China 3.Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210023, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61405094) and the Priority Academic Program Phase III Development of Higher Education Institution of Jiangsu Province (“Information and Communication Engineering” Priority Academic Program), China
Received Date:04 September 2020
Accepted Date:04 October 2020
Available Online:03 March 2021
Published Online:20 March 2021
Abstract:Aiming at the phenomenon of single measurement parameters and low sensitivity of most Mach-Zehnder sensors based on fiber core mismatch, in this paper we design and build a Mach-Zehnder sensor based on single-mode-no-core-single-mode-no-core-single-mode fiber structure, which can be used to measure refractive index and temperature simultaneously. In this sensor, two no-core optical fiber serve as input and output couplers, the intermediate single-mode is used as a sensing arm. Using finite element simulation and theoretical analysis, the optimal length of the coupler and the sensing arm are determined to be 15 mm. High-order modes excited by no-core optical fiber propagate through the cladding of single-mode fiber, which is affected by the ambient refractive index and temperature because of the influence of the evanescent filed. Trough of different interference orders of transmission spectrum is selected as a research object to realize the simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature by using sensitivity coefficient matrix. After the further Fourier transform of the transmission spectrum, the frequency of the main mode that interferes with the fundamental mode is analyzed from the spectrogram to be 0.00098 nm–1. Because of the influence of temperature on the refractive index of water during temperature sensitivity measurement, temperature sensitivity formula and water temperature coefficient are introduced to perform temperature compensation to eliminate the cross sensitivity. In this paper, the 10 mm and 15 mm sensing arms are selected for refractive index comparison experiment, and the temperature experiment is focused on the sensing arm with an optimal length of 15 mm. The experimental results show that the transmission spectrum is blue-shifted with the increase of refractive index in a refractive index range of 1.333–1.397, and the transmission spectrum is red-shifted with the increase of temperature in a temperature range from 30 ℃ to 70 ℃. The refractive index and temperature sensitivity of the interference valley near 1545 nm are –153.89 nm/RIU and 0.166 nm/℃, respectively; the refractive index and temperature sensitivity of the interference valley near 1570 nm are –202.74 nm/RIU and 0.183 nm/℃, respectively. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analyses. Compared with the sensor of the same type, this sensor can still maintain high sensitivity while achieving simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature, and has a simple structure, which has a good application prospect in biomedical and other aspects. Keywords:Mach-Zehnder sensor/ core diameter mismatch/ refractive index and temperature/ simultaneous measurement
本次实验依据图5所示的干涉条纹, 考虑到条纹对比度以及干涉谱漂移后的条纹清晰度, 选取传感臂为10和15 mm来进行实验对比. 在实验过程中, 每次测量一组数据结束后, 需用纸巾在传感器的一侧吸引甘油溶液, 并用无水乙醇反复稀释附着在传感器上的甘油, 直至传感器表面无附着物. 然后将传感器静置一小段时间, 来减小无水乙醇残留或微小形变对其产生的影响. 同一甘油浓度下均需测量三次数据, 并将数据求和取平均, 以此来减小误差. 实验中, 10和15 mm传感臂长度的传感器分别取1550和1570 nm左右的波谷作为干涉谱漂移的监测对象, 利用光纤光栅解调仪来记录在室温(22 ℃)下不同甘油浓度下的干涉条纹, 结果如图7和图8所示. 图 7 10 mm传感臂的传感器在不同环境折射率溶液中的透射光谱图 Figure7. Transmission spectra of the sensor with 10 mm sensing arm response under different ambient refractive index solutions.
图 8 15 mm传感臂的传感器在不同环境折射率溶液中的透射光谱图 Figure8. Transmission spectra of the sensor with 15 mm sensing arm response under different ambient refractive index solutions.