1.Institute of Intelligent Media Technology, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China 2.Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Film and Television Media Technology, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China 3.Network Data Center, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China 4.College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61877053)
Received Date:25 June 2020
Accepted Date:24 August 2020
Available Online:16 December 2020
Published Online:20 December 2020
Abstract:Rogue wave is a kind of natural phenomenon that is fascinating, rare, and extreme. It has become a frontier of academic research. The rogue wave is considered as a spatiotemporal local rational function solution of nonlinear wave model. There are still very few (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear wave models which have rogue wave solutions, in comparison with soliton and Lump waves that are found in almost all (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear wave models and can be solved by different methods, such as inverse scattering method, Hirota bilinear method, Darboux transform method, Riemann-Hilbert method, and homoclinic test method. The structure and evolution characteristics of the obtained (2 + 1)-dimensional rogue waves are quite different from the prototypes of the (1 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schr?dinger equation. Therefore, it is of great value to study two-dimensional rogue waves.In this paper, the non-autonomous Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is first converted into the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation with the aid of a similar transformation, then two-dimensional rogue wave solutions represented by the rational functions of the non-autonomous Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation are constructed based on the Lump solution of the first kind of Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, and their evolutionary characteristics are illustrated by images through appropriately selecting the variable parameters and the dynamic stability of two-dimensional single rogue waves is numerically simulated by the fast Fourier transform algorithm. The obtained two-dimensional rogue waves, which are localized in both space and time, can be viewed as a two-dimensional analogue to the Peregrine soliton and thus are a natural candidate for describing the rogue wave phenomena. The method presented here provides enlightenment for searching for rogue wave excitation of (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear wave models.We show that two-dimensional rogue waves are localized in both space and time which arise from the zero background and then disappear into the zero background again. These rogue-wave solutions to the non-autonomous Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation generalize the rogue waves of the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation into two spatial dimensions, and they could play a role in physically understanding the rogue water waves in the ocean. Keywords:two-dimensional rogue wave/ Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation/ nonautonomous nonlinear wave model/ self-similar transformation
从图7和图8的数值模拟表明, 二维单怪波的演化是稳定的, 即使加了白噪声扰动, 对二维怪波的较大幅值不产生影响, 仅对小的幅值稍有扰动. 为了进一步考察二维单怪波的稳定性, 分别对上述两种情形在时间[–5, 5]区间二维单怪波在$(x, y)$平面上的最大值和最小值进行数值模拟, 并和解析解进行比较(精确结果用实线表示, 数值结果用五星点表示), 如图9所示, 两者符合很好. 对数值模拟加了白噪声扰动后, 两者也很好吻合, 表明非自治KP方程的二维单怪波是稳定的. 图 9 在时间区间[–5, 5] x-y平面上非自治KP方程的二维单怪波最大波动值和最小波动值的解析结果和数值计算模拟的对照图 (a)对应二维单怪波((15)式); (b)对应二维单怪波((16)式); (c)在(a)中加了高斯白噪声扰动; (d)在(b)中加高斯白噪声扰动 Figure9. Simulation diagram of the analytic and numerical results of the maximum and minimum fluctuations of two-dimensional single rogue waves for the non- autonomous KP equation in the x-y plane of the time interval [–5, 5]: (a) Corresponds to a two-dimensional single rogue wave (Eq. (15)); (b) Corresponds to a two- dimensional single rogue wave (Eq. (16)); (c) Gaussian white noise is added in panel (a); (d) Gaussian white noise is added in panel (b).