1.Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics (IAPCM), Beijing 100094, China 2.CAEP Software Centre for High Performance Numerical Simulation (CAEP-SCNS), Beijing 100088, China
Abstract:Monte Carlo method is an ideal way to simulate criticality, shielding and nuclear detection. JMCT is a multipurpose 3D Mont Carlo (MC) neutron-photon-electron and coupled neutron /photon /electron transport code which is developed by IAPCM. The program is developed based on the combinatorial geometry parallel infrastructure JCOGIN and has the most functions of general Monte Carlo particle transport code, including the various variance reduction techniques. In addition, some new algorithms, such as Doppler broadening on-the-fly (OTF), uniform tally density (UTD), consistent adjoint driven importance sampling (CADIS), fast criticality search of boron concentration (FCSBC), the domain decomposition (DD), the two-level parallel computation of MPI and OpenMP, etc. have been developed, where the number of geometry zones, materials, tallies, depletion zones, memories and period of random number are big enough to simulate various extremely complicated problems. Also the JMCT is hybrid the discrete ordinate SN program JSNT to generate source biasing factors and weight window parameters for deep-penetration shielding problems. The input is based on the CAD modeling, and the result is a visualized output. The JMCT can provide technology support for radiation shielding design, reactor physics and criticality safe analysis. Especially, the JMCT is coupled depletion and thermal-hydraulic code for simulating the reactor feedback effect, including depletion, thermal feedback. In recent years, new function of γ-ray spectrum analysis has been developed. In this paper, the working principles of timing measure are introduced. The advanced calibration count is developed for distinguishing between inelastic γ-ray and capture γ-ray based on time bin tally. On the other hand, when neutron collides with nuclide, the secondary photon is labeled into the primary line photon and primary continuous photon, where energy of primary line photon does not change with the incident neutron energy, such as carbon spectral-line at 4.43 MeV and oxygen spectral-line at 6.13 MeV. The element components of detected object can be determined by the primary line photon. On the other hand, expect value estimator (EVE) is used to produce the secondary photons. The advantage of EVE does not leak any event even with a small probability which is important for detecting the hide exploder. However the shortage of the EVE results in producing a great number of photons with small weight. If all of these small weight photons are simulated one by one, a great amount of computation time and memory will be consumed. For avoiding this case, a new algorithm is design by coupling EVE and DE (direct estimator). The all of secondary photons from EVE only make the direct tally take a little computing time, then end the photon history and return to the DE production photon model (one photon production at most). Final, the total tally is a summation of EVE direct tally and DE scattering tally. The use of new algorithm to realize the analysis of γ-ray spectrum will increase only a little computing time. The numerical tests are done by using own Monte Carlo code JMCT. The correctness and validity of the algorithm are shown preliminarily. Keywords:Monte Carlo method/ nuclear detection/ inelastic γ-ray/ capture γ-ray/ expect value estimator
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2.问题描述高能中子与核发生非弹(用(n, n' )表示)和俘获(用(n, γ)表示)反应时, 将产生次级光子, 用次级光子的特征γ射线来确定客体的核素组成和份额, 这是核探测相对X光探测的优势所在. 辐射俘获是吸收反应中最重要的反应之一, 其反应产物之一就是γ射线, 产生次级光子的主要反应道有(n, γ)和裂变(用(n, f )表示). 如果中子源的能量和强度较高, 则中子与核发生(n, n' )反应的概率增大, 并产生非弹γ射线. 表1给出H, C, N等11种核素发射非弹γ谱线和俘获γ谱线的能量[13], 表2给出烈性炸药(TNT)和某些化学武器中所含元素的重量百分比[13].
表3JMCT与MCNP次级γ流计算结果比较 Table3.Comparison of calculated results about secondary γ between JMCT and MCNP.
图 3 次级γ射线能谱计算结果比较 (a)次级γ原级线光子能谱; (b)原级连续光子与Compton散射能谱; (c) JMCT次级γ总能谱; (d) MCNP次级γ总能谱 Figure3. Comparison of calculated result about energy spectra of secondary γ: (a) JMCT primary line γ; (b) JMCT Compton γ; (c) JMCT total γ; (d) MCNP total γ.
元素
计数
份额比/%
统计误差/%
H
3.02643 × 10–11
0
0.56
C
1.77077 × 10–7
36
0.49
N
1.11146 × 10–7
23
0.12
O
2.03254 × 10–7
41
0.18
注: 偏差 = [Jγ(JMCT) – Jγ(MCNP)]/ Jγ(MCNP).
表4H, C, N, O瞬发γ计数及份额 Table4.Count and percentage of prompt γ from H, C, N and O.
图 4 JMCT与MCNP次级γ流时间谱比较 Figure4. Comparison of secondary γ-fluent tine spectrum between JMCT and MCNP.