1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China 2.State Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reliability Physics and Application of Electronic Component, CEPREI, Guangzhou 510610, China 3.Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China 4.Key Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Abstract:In this paper, the total dose effect on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) devices after 60Co γ-ray irradiation with a total dose of 1 Mrad(Si) was investigated at different biases (VGS = –3 V, VDS = 0.5 V; VGS = –1.9 V, VDS = 0.5 V; VGS = 0 V, VDS = 0 V). The experimental results were analyzed using 1/f low-frequency noise and direct current electrical characteristics. The electrical parameters degraded mostly under zero bias condition because of the radiation-induced defect charge of the oxide layer and the interface state. Wherein, the saturation drain current was reduced by 36.28%, and the maximum transconductance was reduced by 52.94%. The reason was that the oxide dielectric layer of AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices generated electron-hole pairs under γ-ray irradiation, and most of the electrons were quickly swept out of the oxide region corresponding to the gate-source and gate-drain spacer regions, and most of the holes remained in the oxide. Under the action of the built-in electric field, holes slowly moved towards the interface between the oxide and AlGaN, which depleted the two-dimensional electron gas of the channel.According to the McWhorter model, the low-frequency noise in the AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices results from random fluctuations of carriers, which are caused by the capture and release processes of carriers by traps and defect states in the barrier layer. The extracted defect densities in AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices increased from 4.080 × 1017 cm–3·eV–1 to 6.621 × 1017 cm–3·eV–1 under the condition of zero bias, and the result was in good agreement with test results of the direct currentelectrical characteristics. The damage mechanism was the radiation-induced defect charge in the oxide layer and the interface state, which increased the flat-band voltage noise power spectral density of the AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices. According to the charge tunneling mechanism, the spatial distribution of defect in the barrier layer was extracted, and the result also proved that the densities of radiation-induced defect charges under zero bias were more than the other biases. The experimental results showed that zero bias was the worst bias for AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices irradiation. Keywords:AlGaN/GaN/ high electron mobility transistors/ total dose/ 1/f low frequency noise
对所有偏置下器件辐照前后的直流参数进行分析对比, 发现器件的直流参数均有明显的退化. 辐照前后零偏条件下功率AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件的输出特性曲线和转移特性曲线如图3所示. 图 3 零偏下AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件辐照前后输出特性曲线(a)与转移特性曲线(b) Figure3. The output characteristic curve (a) and transfer characteristic curve (b) of the AlGaN/GaN HEMT device before and after irradiation under the zero-bias.
表2不同偏置下AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件辐照前后饱和漏电流与最高跨导的变化 Table2.Variation of saturation drain current and maximum transconductance before and after irradiation in AlGaN/GaNHEMT devices with different biases.
在不同偏置条件下, 辐照前后AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件的低频噪声特性(沟道电流$I_{{\rm{DS}}}^{}$归一化噪声功率谱密度${{{S_{{\rm{ID}}}}} / {I_{{\rm{DS}}}^2}}$随频率的变化)如图5所示. 图 5 AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件辐照前后沟道电流归一化噪声功率谱密度 (a)关态; (b)半开态; (c)零偏 Figure5. Normalized channel current noise power spectral density in the AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices before and after irradiation: (a) OFF state; (b) SEMI-ON state; (c) zero-bias.
式中${g_{\rm{m}}}$是AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件的跨导. 当频率在25 Hz时, AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件沟道电流归一化噪声功率谱密度随沟道电压和沟道电流的变化如图6、图7所示. 结合(4)式, 可从图7中提取出不同偏置条件下AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件辐照前后平带电压噪声功率谱密度${S_{{V_{{\rm{fb}}}}}}$的变化, 如表3所列. 图 6 AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件辐照前后沟道电流归一化噪声功率谱密度随过驱动电压的变化(点: 测量值; 实线: 拟合值) (a)关态; (b)半开态; (c)零偏 Figure6. Normalized channel current noise power spectral density versus overdrive voltage in the AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices before and after irradiation: (a) OFF state; (b) SEMI-ON state; (c) zero-bias (dot: measured value; continuous line: fitted value).
关态 (OFF)
半开态 (SEMI-ON)
零偏 (zero-bias)
0 rad(Si)
3.20 × 10–14
2.65 × 10–14
3.18 × 10–14
1 Mrad(Si)
4.21 × 10–14
3.85 × 10–14
5.16 × 10–14
表3不同偏置下AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件辐照前后平带电压噪声功率谱密度(单位: V2·Hz–1) Table3.Flat-band voltage noise power spectral density in the AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices before and after irradiation under different biases (in V2·Hz–1).
图 7 AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件辐照前后沟道电流归一化噪声功率谱密度随沟道电流的变化(f = 25 Hz, 点: 测量值; 实线: 拟合值) (a)关态; (b); 半开态; (c)零偏 Figure7. Normalized channel current noise power spectral density versus channel current in the AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices before and after irradiation: (a) OFF state; (b) SEMI-ON state; (c) zero-bias (f = 25 Hz, dot: measured value; continuous line: fitted value).
表4不同偏置下AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件辐照前后缺陷密度(单位: cm–3·eV–1) Table4.The defect density in the AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices before and after irradiation under different biases (in cm–3·eV–1).