1.College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China 2.State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11774210, 11104172, 61575112) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0304502).
Received Date:19 October 2018
Accepted Date:02 April 2019
Available Online:01 June 2019
Published Online:05 June 2019
Abstract:Two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) of cesium 6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2 (852.3 nm + 794.6 nm) ladder-type system in a room-temperature vapor cell are investigated. The frequency of 852.3 nm laser used as a pump beam is locked on one of the hyperfine transitions between the ground state 6S1/2 and excited state 6P3/2 by the saturated absorption spectroscopy technique, which can populate some atoms on the 6P3/2 excited state and induce anisotropy in the atomic medium. The frequency of 794.6 nm laser serving as a probe beam is scanned across the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition to ascertain this anisotropy, and thus the TCPS is obtained. In experiment, we measure and analyse the influence of frequency detuning of 852.3 nm pump laser on TCPS, and especially reveal that some of hyperfine energy levels of intermediate excited state 6P3/2, which has no direct interaction with the 852.3 nm pump laser, are also populated by a small fraction of atoms with a specific speed in the direction of pump laser beam due to Doppler effect, so they also have contribution to the TCPS when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned to the resonance transition line between the 6P3/2 and 8S1/2 states after the Doppler frequency shift has been considered. In addition, we prove that the atomic coherence like electromagnetically induced transparency effect obviously results in a narrower line width of TCPS in the case of counter-propagating experimental configuration than that in the case of pump beam co-propagating with the probe beam in the Cs vapor cell. Finally, we apply the TCPS with dispersive shaped feature to frequency stabilization with no modulation, and the frequency fluctuations of 794.6 nm laser are ~0.5 MHz and ~9.2 MHz for the frequency-locking and free running in ~225 s, respectively. The above research work is expected to play a role in precisely measuring the atomic energy level structure and its related hyperfine structure constant (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling constants), and also in stabilizing the laser frequency to the excited state transition especially for the optical fiber communication, two-color laser cooling/trapping neutral atoms, optical filter, etc. Keywords:two-color polarization spectroscopy/ excited state spectroscopy/ optical pumping/ modulation-free laser frequency stabilization
为了将794.6 nm半导体激光器无频率调制地锁于6P3/2→8S1/2跃迁的某一超精细跃迁线上, 研究852.3 nm抽运光频率失谐对TCPS光谱的影响. 实验中, 在铯泡入射端面处, 852.3 nm抽运光的功率约为1.0 mW (功率密度约0.50 mW/mm2), 794.6 nm探测光的功率约为0.3 mW (功率密度约0.26 mW/mm2). 当抽运光频率分别锁于6S1/2 (F = 3)→6P3/2 (F' = 2, 3, 4) 超精细跃迁线时, 在探测器PD2和PD3处差分探测794.6 nm光信号, 获得典型的同向、反向实验构型下的TCPS, 如图3和图4所示. 图 3 同向传输实验构型, 852.3 nm抽运光频率锁于6S1/2 (F = 3)→6P3/2 (F′ = 2, 3, 4)时, 794.6 nm激光作为探测光的TCPS Figure3. The TCPS for the co-propagation configuration when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned over the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition, and the frequency of 852.3 nm pump laser is locked on the 6S1/2 (F = 3)→6P3/2 (F' = 2, 3, 4) transition, respectively.
图 4 反向传输实验构型, 852.3 nm抽运光频率锁于6S1/2 (F = 3)→6P3/2 (F' = 2, 3, 4)时, 794.6 nm激光作为探测光的TCPS Figure4. The TCPS for the counter-propagation configuration when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned over the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition, and the frequency of 852.3 nm pump laser is locked on the 6S1/2 (F = 3)→6P3/2 (F' = 2, 3, 4) transition, respectively.
图 6 反向传输实验构型, 852.3 nm抽运光频率锁于6S1/2 (F = 4)—6P3/2 (F' = 3, 4, 5)时, 794.6nm激光作为探测光的双色偏振光谱 Figure6. The TCPS for the counter-propagation configuration when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned, and the frequency of 852.3 nm pump laser is locked on the 6S1/2(F = 4)→6P3/2(F' = 3, 4, 5) transition, respectively.
23.2.双色偏振光谱在794.6 nm半导体激光器稳频方面的应用 -->
3.2.双色偏振光谱在794.6 nm半导体激光器稳频方面的应用
将激光器频率锁定在某一个稳定的参考频率上, 可有效地抑制激光器频率的起伏. 由于偏振光谱本身就是一个类色散信号, 可直接作为鉴频信号对激光器锁频, 无需对激光器进行额外的频率调制, 常受科学工作者的青睐. 为了将类色散的TCPS光谱信号负反馈于794.6 nm半导体激光器的电流或(和)PZT端口, 实验上常常通过旋转 λ/4波片改变抽运光的偏振在${\sigma ^ + }$和${\sigma ^ - }$之间转换(λ/4波片需要旋转90°), 实现TCPS相位反转. 实验中由于铯泡端面的双折射效应导致了抽运光、探测光偏振的改变, 当λ/4波片旋转49°时实现TCPS相位反相, 如图7所示. 图 7 相位相反的双色偏振光谱TCPS, 红色(上) TCPS对应的λ/4波片位置读数为131°, 黑色(下) TCPS对应的λ/4波片位置读数为180° Figure7. The TCPS with opposite phase, (upper TCPS) angle of λ/4 wave plate is set to 131°; (lower TCPS) angle of λ/4 wave plate is set to 180°.
首先, 将852.3 nm激光频率通过饱和吸收光谱技术锁于6S1/2 (F = 4)→6P3/2 (F' = 5)超精细跃迁线上; 然后794.6 nm激光频率在6P3/2→8S1/2跃迁之间扫描, 在探测器PD3处进行差分探测获得 F' = 5→F'' = 4的TCPS谱线. 最后, 将此TCPS信号作为误差信号, 经过PID锁频模块及高压放大器后, 负反馈于794.6 nm激光器的压电陶瓷PZT端口. 逐渐减小794.6 nm激光器频率扫描的范围直至到0, 配合调整其激光电流及PZT的偏置电压, 保持其频率始终共振于F' = 5→F'' = 4的跃迁线, 闭合电子伺服反馈环路PID, 从而实现794.6 nm激光频率的锁定, 典型结果如图8所示. 在周围实验环境没有明显振动和噪声干扰的条件下, 794.6 nm激光器可达小时量级保持在频率锁定的状态. 方便起见, 使用数字存储示波器仅记录了在225 s内, 激光器自由运转时的频率起伏约9.2 MHz,和锁频之后的频率起伏约0.5 MHz, 794.6 nm激光器的频率稳定性有了明显的改善. 图 8 794.6 nm激光器自由运转和锁频后的频率起伏 Figure8. The frequency fluctuation of 794.6 nm laser for free-running and locking on in 225 seconds, respectively.