Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51572226), the Science and Technology Foundation of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 2015GZ0060), and the Chinese Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project (Grant No. 201710623).
Received Date:25 February 2019
Accepted Date:04 April 2019
Available Online:01 June 2019
Published Online:05 June 2019
Abstract:In recent decades, Mg2(Si, Sn) solid solutions have long been considered as one of the most important classes of eco-friendly thermoelectric materials. The thermoelectric performance of Mg2(Si, Sn) solid solutions with outstanding characteristics of low-price, non-toxicity, earth-abundant and low-density has been widely studied. The n-type Mg2(Si, Sn) solid solutions have achieved the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT ~1.4 through Bi/Sb doping and convergence of conduction bands. However, the thermoelectric performances for p-type Mg2(Si, Sn) solid solutions are mainly improved by optimizing the carrier concentration. In this work, the thermoelectric properties for p-type Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 are investigated and compared with those for different p-type dopant Ag or Li. The homogeneous Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 with Ag or Li doping is synthesized by two-step solid-state reaction method at temperatures of 873 K and 973 K for 24 h, respectively. The transport parameters and the thermoelectric properties are measured at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 773 K for Mg2(1–x)Ag2xSi0.3Sn0.7 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) and Mg2(1–y)Li2ySi0.3Sn0.7 (y = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) samples. The influences of different dopants on solid solubility, microstructure, carrier concentration, electrical properties and thermal transport are also investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the solid solubility for Ag and for Li are x = 0.03 and y = 0.06, respectively. Based on the assumption of single parabolic band model, the value of effective mass ~1.2m0 of p-type Mg2(1–x)Ag2xSi0.3Sn0.7 and Mg2(1–y)Li2ySi0.3Sn0.7 are similar to that reported in the literature. The comparative results demonstrate that the maximum carrier concentration for Ag doping and for Li doping are 4.64×1019 cm–3 for x = 0.01 and 15.1×1019 cm–3 for y = 0.08 at room temperature, respectively; the Li element has higher solid solubility in Mg2(Si, Sn), which leads to higher carrier concentration and power factor PF ~1.62×10–3${\rm W}\cdot{\rm m^{–1}}\cdot{\rm K^{–2}}$ in Li doped samples; the higher carrier concentration of Li doped samples effectively suppresses the bipolar effect; the maximum of ZT ~0.54 for Mg1.92Li0.08Si0.3Sn0.7 is 58% higher than that of Mg1.9Ag0.1Si0.3Sn0.7 samples. The lattice thermal conductivity of Li or Ag doped sample decreases obviously due to the stronger mass and strain field fluctuations in phonon transport. Keywords:Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7/ thermoelectric performance/ doping/ lattice thermal conductivity
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3.1.物相分析
Mg2(1–x)Ag2xSi0.3Sn0.7 和 Mg2(1–y)Li2ySi0.3Sn0.7的XRD图谱和晶格常数如图1所示. 可以看出, Mg2(1–x)Ag2xSi0.3Sn0.7和Mg2(1–y)Li2ySi0.3Sn0.7化合物是Mg2Si和Mg2Sn组成的间隙固溶体(图1(a)和图1(c)), 都有相同的反萤石立方体结构(空间点群Fm3m). 掺杂Ag元素和掺杂Li元素的样品与Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7的所有衍射峰均一一对应. 随着掺杂量增加, 没有出现明显的第二相, 也没有MgO等杂质的物相. 在图1(b)中, 样品的晶格常数随x含量先增加后略有降低, 表明固溶Ag含量最多的样品为Mg1.94Ag0.06Si0.3Sn0.7. 在图1(d)中, 除了y = 0.08样品, 样品的晶格常数随y含量几乎没有变化, 表明固溶Li含量最多的样品为Mg1.88Li0.12Si0.3Sn0.7. 图 1 Mg2(1-x)Ag2xSi0.3Sn0.7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05)和Mg2(1-y)Li2ySi0.3Sn0.7 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.08)的XRD图谱(a), (c)与晶格常数(b), (d) Figure1. XRD patterns (a), (c) and lattice constant (b), (d) of Mg2(1-x)Ag2xSi0.3Sn0.7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) and Mg2(1-y)Li2ySi0.3Sn0.7 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.08)
23.2.微观结构分析 -->
3.2.微观结构分析
图2是Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7, Mg1.9Ag0.1Si0.3Sn0.7和Mg1.92Li0.08Si0.3Sn0.7样品的断口微观形貌图. 在图2(a)—(c)中, 断口的SEM显示为无孔的样品, 表明样品具有较高的密度. 根据阿基米德法测量的密度达到理论密度的95%以上. 在图2(d)中, Mg1.92Li0.08Si0.3Sn0.7的背散射图像显示在分辨率极限内样品中元素分布均匀. 这与Yin等[35]通过相同方法制备n型Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7热电材料的结果接近. 图 2 (a), (b), (c)分别为Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7, Mg1.9Ag0.1Si0.3Sn0.7,Mg1.92Li0.08Si0.3Sn0.7的SEM图像; (d) Mg1.92Li0.08Si0.3Sn0.7的背散射图像 Figure2. (a), (b) and (c) are SEM images of Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7, Mg1.9Ag0.1Si0.3Sn0.7, and Mg1.92Li0.08Si0.3Sn0.7; (d) the back scattered electron image of Mg1.92Li0.08Si0.3Sn0.7
表1Mg2(1-x)Ag2xSi0.3Sn0.7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05)和Mg2(1-y)Li2ySi0.3Sn0.7 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.08)在300 K的物理参数 Table1.Physical parameters of Mg2(1-x)Ag2xSi0.3Sn0.7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) and Mg2(1-y)Li2ySi0.3Sn0.7 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.08) at 300 K