Abstract The phenolic phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is widely produced in plants, and is a key player in many processes of plant physiology, especially in plant immunity. During pathogen infection, SA is accumulated and the SA signaling pathway is activated to induce the expression of defense-related genes. Recently, a series of SA-related studies have been published. These researches filled gaps in the two SA biosynthesis pathways: the isochorismate synthase (ICS) pathway and the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathway. The NPR1 (nonexpresser of PR genes 1) and its paralogs, NPR3 and NPR4, were identified as SA receptors. The effect of type II TGAs (TGACG-binding factor) on SA downstream genes was shown to depend on the SA receptor they interacted with. This review will systematically introduce the progress on SA biosynthesis and signal transduction, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for in-depth study of SA regulation on plant development and defense responses. Keywords：salicylic acid;salicylic acid biosynthesis;salicylic acid receptors;salicylic acid signal transduction
PDF (591KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 谷晓勇, 刘扬, 刘利静. 植物激素水杨酸生物合成和信号转导研究进展. 遗传[J], 2020, 42(9): 858-869 doi:10.16288/j.yczz.20-173 Xiaoyong Gu. Progress on the biosynthesis and signal transduction of phytohormone salicylic acid. Hereditas(Beijing)[J], 2020, 42(9): 858-869 doi:10.16288/j.yczz.20-173
反式肉桂酸可以通过β氧化途径在过氧化物酶体中合成苯甲酸。已知有3类酶参与该过程,分别是肉桂酸:辅酶A连接酶(cinnamate: CoA ligase)、羟酰辅酶A水解酶(hydroxyacyl-CoA hydrolyase)和3-酮酰基辅酶A硫醇酶(3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase, KAT1)[34,35,36]。AIM1编码羟酰辅酶A水解酶,是拟南芥种子中合成苯甲酸代谢物的重要酶类[37]。在水稻aim1突变体中,肉桂酸含量升高,苯甲酸和SA含量大幅度降低,说明AIM1参与反式肉桂酸到苯甲酸的β氧化过程[38]。
2012年Wu等[60]通过平衡透析配体结合实验发现NPR1结合SA,Ding等[61]通过常规的受体-配体结合实验进一步证实了该结论。Wu等[60]研究显示NPR1通过其羧基端第521和529位半胱氨酸结合金属铜和SA;通过螯合作用去除金属将解除NPR1和SA的结合;SA结合导致NPR1羧基端反式激活结构域构象发生改变,从而使其从NPR1氨基端具有抑制功能的BTB/POZ (broad-complex, tramtrack and bric a brac/poxvirus and zinc finger)结构域中释放出来,诱导下游基因转录。而Ding等[61]研究显示NPR1的第432位精氨酸在结合SA过程中发挥重要作用,将其突变为谷氨酰胺将大幅度降低NPR1结合SA的能力。虽然这两篇文章关注的氨基酸位点不同,但都证明NPR1羧基端在SA接收中的重要性。
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