闵庆文^{1, 2,,}
1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0506404）、农业农村部国际交流合作项目（12200020）和农村社会事业促进司项目（09205006）资助

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作者简介:闵庆文, 主要研究方向为生态农业与农业文化遗产等。E-mail:minqw@igsnrr.ac.cn

中图分类号:S03;X24

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收稿日期:2020-06-24
录用日期:2020-07-02
刊出日期:2020-09-01

Research priorities, problems and countermeasures of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems and their conservation

MIN Qingwen^{1, 2,,}
1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Funds:This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2017YFC0506404), the International Cooperation Project (12200020) and the Rural Social Development Project (09205006) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China

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Corresponding author:MIN Qingwen, E-mail: minqw@igsnrr.ac.cn

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摘要
摘要:重要农业文化遗产是指在经济、生态、技术、文化与景观等方面具有显著特征，并在农业与农村历史演进与可持续发展中具有重要价值的传统农业生产系统，包括联合国粮农组织（FAO）认定的全球重要农业文化遗产（GIAHS）和中国农业农村部认定的中国重要农业文化遗产（China-NIAHS）。截至2020年6月底，FAO已经认定了62个项目，分布在22个国家；农业农村部已经发布了5批118个项目，分布在28个省、自治区、直辖市。与此同时，重要农业文化遗产及其保护也引起了越来越多不同专业领域的****们的关注，并对重要农业文化遗产的概念与内涵、特征与价值、申报与管理、保护与发展等方面开展了研究，逐步形成了一个具有显著交叉特征的新的学科领域。本文从重要农业文化遗产的概念、内涵与特点出发，提出当前重要农业文化遗产研究的12个优先领域；从重要农业文化遗产保护工作需求出发，提出重要农业文化遗产保护研究的20个优先领域。结合过去15年来从事重要农业文化遗产及其保护研究与实践的体会，分析了当前研究中存在的3个主要问题，并提出了相应对策。
关键词:重要农业文化遗产/
全球重要农业文化遗产/
中国重要农业文化遗产/
动态保护/
优先研究领域/
问题与对策
Abstract:Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) discussed in this paper, including Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) designated by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS) designated by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China (MARA), refer to the traditional agricultural systems with unique characteristics in economic development, ecosystem services, indigenous knowledge, folk cultures, and landscapes and/or seascapes, and having important significances in historical evolution and sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. As of June, 2020, FAO has certificated 62 GIAHS sites from 22 countries and MARA has released five batches of 118 China-NIAHS sites which distribute in 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. At the same time, IAHS and their conservation have caused more and more attention from scholars in different fields. Based on the researches focusing on some important fields such as concept and connotation, features and values, application and management, conservation and development and so forth, a new cross-discipline is emerging. In this paper, 12 research priorities on IAHS concept, connotation and characteristics, 20 research priorities on IAHS conservation were put forwarded. At last, based on the experiences enrolled in the field, the author discussed three problems existing in the current IAHS research: "interpreting without real understanding" causing the neglect of the main connotation; "mountain-stronghold mentality" separating the research team; and "eager for quick success and quick profit" weakening the long-term research. To cope with these problems, some suggestions are advanced: Firstly, to clarify the concept, connotation and subject orientation of IAHS, and recognize its' systemic, compound, and living features for improvement of disciplines and research paradigm of IAHS. Secondly, to establish an academic community for IAHS research and conservation of experts from multiple disciplines, such as ecological, social, economic and management sciences so as to provide solid S & T support for IAHS conservation. Thirdly, to encourage the comprehensive research of IAHS through setting the National Key R & D Program and long-term collaboration among institutions and administrative departments so as to gradually establish IAHS research network.
Key words:Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS)/
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)/
China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS)/
Dynamic conservation/
Research priorities/
Problems and Countermeasures

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图1重要农业文化遗产系统的“五位一体”结构
Figure1."Five-in-One" structure of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems


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图22016年农业文化遗产普查结果
Figure2.Census result of agricultural heritage systems in 2016 in China


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图3全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)和中国重要农业文化遗产(China-NIAHS)的区域分布
Figure3.Provincial distribution of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) sites and China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS) sites in China


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