张亚婷,
宫香伟,
夏美娟,
任慧莉,
李忠豪,
冯佰利,
王鹏科,
高金锋,
西北农林科技大学农学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室 杨凌 712100
基金项目: 陕西省小杂粮产业技术体系项目K333026003
详细信息
作者简介:黄启鹏, 主要从事豌豆除草剂筛选研究。E-mail:1320832413@qq.com
通讯作者:高金锋, 主要从事豌豆、荞麦、糜子品质栽培及生理生态技术研究。E-mail:gaojf7604@126.com
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-12-20
录用日期:2019-03-15
刊出日期:2019-07-01
Effects of eleven herbicides on the growth and weed control efficacy in autumn-sown pea
HUANG Qipeng,ZHANG Yating,
GONG Xiangwei,
XIA Meijuan,
REN Huili,
LI Zhonghao,
FENG Baili,
WANG Pengke,
GAO Jinfeng,
College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, China
Funds: the Project of Minor Grain Industry Technology System of ShaanxiK333026003
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Corresponding author:GAO Jinfeng, E-mail:gaojf7604@126.com
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摘要
摘要:化学除草剂已成为农田控制杂草的重要技术措施，但目前还没有针对豌豆田杂草的高效、安全除草剂。为此，本文以陕西省关中地区主栽品种‘西豌2号’为试验材料，采用6种苗前除草剂（48%氟乐灵乳油、50%乙草胺乳油、33%二甲戊灵乳油、96%精异丙甲草胺乳油、50%敌草胺水分散粒剂、40%扑草净可湿性粉剂）和5种苗后除草剂（15%精吡氟禾草灵乳油、10%精喹禾灵乳油、12.5%烯禾啶乳油、10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油、12%烯草酮乳油）处理，设清水喷施（CK1）和人工除草（CK2）为对照，调查秋豌豆田杂草种类，研究不同除草剂的防除效果，探讨各除草剂对秋豌豆生育进程、形态特征、经济效益等相关指标的影响。结果表明：1）研究区秋豌豆田杂草共7科13种，以阔叶类杂草为主，其中阔叶杂草9种。除草剂对杂草株数和鲜重均有不同程度的防效作用，苗前除草剂以33%二甲戊灵综合防效最佳，苗后除草剂以12%烯草酮综合防效最佳。2）自越冬期至开花期，各除草剂均对秋豌豆株高、叶绿素相对含量产生显著影响，但从始荚期开始，影响不再显著。不同种类的除草剂对秋豌豆根、茎、叶器官各时期干物质的积累量均有不同程度的抑制作用，各处理的秋豌豆茎、叶器官干物质的移动率及转运率均高于人工除草，叶器官干物质的移动率及转运率均高于茎器官。3）除草剂对百粒重、荚长等产量构成因素影响不显著，除10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵导致产量略微下降之外，其他除草剂均表现出一定的增产作用，其中33%二甲戊灵、12%烯草酮可使秋豌豆增产25%以上。所有除草剂处理的净收入均有所增加，以33%二甲戊灵、12%烯草酮处理的净收入为同时期除草剂中最高。由此可见，除草剂的使用有助于种植者经济效益的提高，结合各除草剂的防除效果、安全性、经济效益，苗前除草剂33%二甲戊灵和苗后除草剂12%烯草酮在秋豌豆田的综合效应分别为同时期除草剂中最佳。本试验条件下，针对秋豌豆田，苗前除草剂推荐使用33%二甲戊灵，苗后除草剂推荐使用12%烯草酮。
关键词:除草剂/
杂草/
秋豌豆/
防效/
安全性/
经济效益
Abstract:Grass damage problems have hindered the spread of peas; chemical herbicides have become an important measure to control weeds on farmlands. However, there is no effective and safe herbicide for controlling weeds in pea fields. So, the study evaluated the effectiveness of 11 herbicides, which included 6 kinds of pre-emergence herbicides (48% trifluralin, 50% acetochlor, 33% pendimethalin, 96% (s)-metolachlor, 50% napropamide, 40% prometryn) and 5 kinds of post emergence herbicides (15% fluazifop-p, 10% quizalofop-p, 12.5% sethoxydim, 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl, 12% clethodim), on weed control while cultivating the pea cultivar 'Xiwan-2'. The best concentration of all herbicides was selected, and the clear water application (CK1) and artificial weeding (CK2) as two controls. Field experiments were conducted to investigate weed species, study the effects of different herbicides on weeds control, and discus the effects of herbicides on the growth process, morphological characteristics, and economic benefits of autumn pea. The research showed:1) there were 7 families and 13 species of weeds in autumn pea fields; among them, broadleaf weeds included 9 species accounting for 69.23% of the weeds found. This indicated that weeds species in autumn pea field were more in number and broadleaf weeds were the main ones. Farmers should choose broad-spectrum herbicides based on broad-leaved weeds. Herbicides had different control effects on weed quantity and fresh weight, and there was a positive correlation between them. Among the pre-emergence herbicides, 33% pendimethalin had the best control effect; among the post emergence herbicides, 12% clethodim had the best control effect. 2) From overwintering to flowering, herbicide treatments had significant effects on plant height and relative chlorophyll content of autumn pea; however, from the beginning of the pod stage, the effect was no longer significant. All treatments inhibited the accumulation of dry matter in root, stem, and leaf of autumn pea to varying degrees; at the same time, the rate of movement and translocation of dry matter in stem and leaf organs of autumn pea treated with different herbicides were higher than that of artificial weeding, and the rate of movement and translation of dry matter in leaf was higher than that in stem. 3) Herbicides had no significant effect on yield components such as 100-grain weight and pod length. In addition to a slight decrease in yield caused by 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl, the other herbicides showed a certain increase in production; among them, 33% pendimethalin and 12% clethodim could increase the yield of autumn peas by more than 25%. The net income from all herbicide treatments increased; among them, the net income of 33% pendimethalin and 12% clethodim was the highest among the herbicides evaluated. It can be seen that the use of herbicides helps increase the economic benefits to farmers. Combined with efficacy, safety, and economic benefits of herbicides, the synthetic effect of pre-emergence herbicide 33% pendimethalin and post emergence herbicide 12% clethodim in autumn pea fields was the best among all herbicides tested. Under the experimental conditions aimed at controlling weeds in the autumn pea field, use of pre-emergence herbicide 33% pendimethalin and post emergence herbicide 12% clethodim is recommended.
Key words:Herbicide/
Weed/
Autumn pea/
Control effect/
Security/
Economic benefits
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图1秋豌豆各生育期不同种类除草剂对不同器官干物质积累动态的影响
Figure1.Effects of different herbicides on dry matter accumulation of different organs of autumn pea at different growth stages
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1供试苗前和苗后除草剂处理代码及浓度
Table1.Codes and concentrations of treatments of pre-emergence and post emergence herbicides
| 时间 Time | 处理 Treatment | 除草剂 Herbicides | 浓度 Concentration (mL?hm-2) |
| 苗前 Preemergence | CK1 | 清水 Water | — |
| CK2 | 人工除草 Artificial weeding | — | |
| T1 | 48%氟乐灵 48% trifluralin | 1 875.0 | |
| T2 | 50%乙草胺 50% acetochlor | 2 400.0 | |
| T3 | 33%二甲戊灵 33% pendimethalin | 3 375.0 | |
| T4 | 96%精异丙甲草胺 96% (s)-metolachlor | 1 062.5 | |
| 苗后 Post emergence | T5 | 50%敌草胺 50% napropamide | 1 875.0 |
| T6 | 40%扑草净 40% prometryn | 1 125.0 | |
| T7 | 15%精吡氟禾草灵 15% fluazifop-p | 1 125.0 | |
| T8 | 10%精喹禾灵 10% quizalofop-p | 562.5 | |
| T9 | 12.5%烯禾啶 12.5% sethoxydim | 2 400.0 | |
| T10 | 10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl | 487.5 | |
| T11 | 12%烯草酮 12% clethodim | 525.0 |
下载: 导出CSV表2研究区秋豌豆田常见杂草种类
Table2.Species of common weeds in the autumn pea fields of the experimental area
| 科名 Family name | 属名 Genus name | 杂草名 Weeds name | 别称 Alternative name | 生长年限 Growth years |
| 玄参科 Scrophulariaceae | 婆婆纳属 Veronica | 阿拉伯婆婆纳V. persica | 波斯婆婆纳V. persica | 一年生至二年生Annual and biennial |
| 婆婆纳V. polita | 婆婆花V. polita | 一年生或二年生Annual or biennial | ||
| 通泉草属Mazus | 通泉草M. japonicus | 脓泡药M. japonicus | 一年生Annual | |
| 藜科Chenopodiaceae | 藜属Chenopodium | 灰菜C. album | 灰灰菜C. album | 一年生Annual |
| 禾本科 Gramineae | 穇属Eleusine | 牛筋草E. indica | 千千踏E.indica | 一年生Annual |
| 狗尾草属Setaria | 狗尾草S. viridis | 光明草S. viridis | 一年生Annual | |
| 看麦娘属Alopecurus | 看麦娘A. aequalis | 油草A. aequalis | 一年生Annual | |
| 马唐属Digitaria | 马唐D. sanguinalis | 抓根草D. sanguinalis | 一年生Annual | |
| 十字花科 Cruciferae | 荠菜属Capsella | 荠菜C. bursa pastoris | 菱角菜 C. bursa-pastoris | 一年生或二年生 Annual or biennial |
| 播娘蒿属Descurainia | 播娘蒿D. sophia | 婆婆蒿D. sophia | 一年生Annual | |
| 唇形科Lamiaceae | 野芝麻属Lamium | 宝盖草L. amplexicaule | 接骨草L. amplexicaule | 一年生或二年生Annual or biennial |
| 茜草科Rubiaceae | 拉拉藤属Galium | 猪殃殃G. spurium | 拉拉藤G. spurium | 一年生或多年生 Annual or perennial |
| 石竹科 Caryophyllaceae | 鹅肠菜属Endarachne | 牛繁缕M. aquaticum | 鹅肠菜M. aquaticum | 二年生或多年生 Biennial or perennial |
下载: 导出CSV表3豌豆各生育期不同种类除草剂对阔叶类杂草的株防效
Table3.Control effects of different herbicides on broadleaf weeds during different growth stages of autumn pea??%
| 除草剂 Herbicides | 处理 Treatment | 苗期 Seedling stage | 越冬期 Overwintering stage | 返青期 Turning green stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 开花期 Flowering stage | 均值 Average | |
| 苗前除草剂 Pre-emergence herbicides | 48 %氟乐灵 48% trifluralin | T1 | 83.2bc | 91.5a | 96.6a | 93.5a | 93.4a | 93.8ab |
| 50%乙草胺 50% acetochlor | T2 | 92.7a | 97.6a | 98.3a | 96.8a | 96.4a | 97.2a | |
| 33%二甲戊灵 33% pendimethalin | T3 | 90.6ab | 96.7a | 97.9a | 96.4a | 95.7a | 96.7a | |
| 96%精异丙甲草胺 96% (s)-metolachlor | T4 | 77.0cd | 87.9a | 95.0a | 88.8ab | 90.2ab | 90.5ab | |
| 50%敌草胺 50% napropamide | T5 | 60.2e | 70.6b | 81.0c | 74.3c | 74.0c | 75.0c | |
| 40%扑草净 40% prometryn | T6 | 70.2d | 83.6ab | 89.6b | 85.4b | 86.0b | 86.1b | |
| 苗后除草剂 Post emergence herbicides | 15%精吡氟禾草灵 15% fluazifop-p | T7 | 55.5e | 35.2c | 57.6e | 58.1d | 60.8d | 52.9d |
| 10%精喹禾灵 10% quizalofop-p | T8 | 82.2bc | 91.5a | 96.4a | 93.8a | 94.5a | 94.1ab | |
| 12.5%烯禾啶 12.5% sethoxydim | T9 | 60.7e | 74.2b | 78.7cd | 75.9c | 73.9c | 75.7c | |
| 10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl | T10 | 60.2e | 72.7b | 75.1d | 68.2c | 60.0d | 69.0c | |
| 12%烯草酮 12% clethodim | T11 | 79.1c | 90.3a | 95.9a | 94.1a | 93.9a | 93.6ab | |
| 清水 Water | CK1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | ||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表4豌豆各生育期不同种类除草剂对禾本科杂草的株防效
Table4.Control effects of different herbicides on gramineous weeds during different growth stages of autumn pea??%
| 除草剂 Herbicides | 处理 Treatment | 苗期 Seedling stage | 越冬期 Overwintering stage | 返青期 Turning green stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 开花期 Flowering stage | 均值 Average | |
| 苗前除草剂 Pre-emergence herbicides | 48 %氟乐灵 48% trifluralin | T1 | 75.0abcd | 93.1ab | 93.5ab | 93.0ab | 92.3abc | 89.4a |
| 50%乙草胺 50% acetochlor | T2 | 91.7a | 96.6a | 96.8a | 95.3a | 96.2a | 95.3a | |
| 33%二甲戊灵 33% pendimethalin | T3 | 83.3abc | 96.6ab | 96.8a | 97.7a | 94.2ab | 93.7a | |
| 96%精异丙甲草胺 96% (s)-metolachlor | T4 | 66.7abcde | 93.1ab | 90.3abc | 83.7b | 86.5cd | 84.1ab | |
| 50%敌草胺 50% napropamide | T5 | 50.0cde | 93.1ab | 87.1abc | 86.0b | 88.5bcd | 80.9abc | |
| 40%扑草净 40% prometryn | T6 | 58.3bced | 89.7ab | 83.9bc | 88.4ab | 90.4abcd | 82.1ab | |
| 苗后除草剂 Post emergence herbicides | 15%精吡氟禾草灵 15% fluazifop-p | T7 | 50.0de | 86.2b | 80.6c | 67.4c | 57.7f | 68.4bc |
| 10%精喹禾灵 10% quizalofop-p | T8 | 83.3ab | 96.6ab | 96.8a | 90.7ab | 90.4abcd | 91.5a | |
| 12.5%烯禾啶 12.5% sethoxydim | T9 | 58.3bcde | 89.7ab | 90.3abc | 83.7b | 84.6d | 81.3abc | |
| 10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl | T10 | 41.7e | 86.2ab | 64.5d | 69.8c | 67.3e | 65.9c | |
| 12%烯草酮 12% clethodim | T11 | 75.0abcd | 96.6ab | 93.5ab | 92.3abc | 89.6a | ||
| 清水 Water | CK1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | ||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表5豌豆各生育期不同种类除草剂对阔叶类杂草鲜重的防治效果
Table5.Control effects of different herbicides on fresh weight of broadleaf weeds during different growth stages of autumn pea??%
| 除草剂 Herbicide | 处理 Treatment | 苗期 Seedling stage | 越冬期 Overwintering stage | 返青期 Turning green stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 开花期 Flowering stage | 均值 Average | |
| 苗前除草剂 Pre-emergence herbicides | 48 %氟乐灵 48% trifluralin | T1 | 82.1b | 88.5abc | 98.1ab | 94.7b | 93.2b | 91.3ab |
| 50%乙草胺 50% acetochlor | T2 | 92.7a | 97.3a | 99.0a | 97.5a | 95.6a | 96.4a | |
| 33%二甲戊灵 33% pendimethalin | T3 | 91.7a | 95.1ab | 98.8a | 97.4a | 94.5ab | 95.5ab | |
| 96%精异丙甲草胺 96% (s)-metolachlor | T4 | 77.4bc | 83.2abcd | 93.5c | 92.3c | 84.7d | 86.2ab | |
| 50%敌草胺 50% napropamide | T5 | 62.8d | 67.9d | 81.3e | 83.3d | 75.3e | 74.1c | |
| 40%扑草净 40% prometryn | T6 | 72.5c | 81.2bcd | 89.3d | 92.6c | 87.0c | 84.5b | |
| 苗后除草剂 Post emergence herbicides | 15%精吡氟禾草灵 15% fluazifop-p | T7 | 49.1f | 21.4e | 47.9h | 61.6g | 65.3f | 49.1d |
| 10%精喹禾灵 10% quizalofop-p | T8 | 81.8b | 91.8ab | 96.5ab | 95.1b | 93.9ab | 91.8ab | |
| 12.5%烯禾啶 12.5% sethoxydim | T9 | 59.7de | 71.4cd | 76.0f | 80.7e | 74.0e | 72.4c | |
| 10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl | T10 | 57.0e | 71.6cd | 60.6g | 71.3f | 61.8g | 64.4c | |
| 12%烯草酮 12% clethodim | T11 | 80.1b | 87.3abc | 96.0b | 95.3b | 93.6ab | 90.4ab | |
| 清水 Water | CK1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | ||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表6豌豆各生育期不同种类除草剂对禾本科杂草鲜重的防治效果
Table6.Control effects of different herbicides on fresh weight of gramineous weeds during different growth stages of autumn pea ??%
| 除草剂 Herbicides | 处理 Treatment | 苗期 Seedling stage | 越冬期 Overwintering stage | 返青期 Turning green stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 开花期 Flowering stage | 均值 Average | |
| 苗前除草剂 Pre-emergence herbicides | 48 %氟乐灵 48% trifluralin | T1 | 75.0b | 92.9bc | 94.8bc | 93.4b | 91.9abc | 89.6a |
| 50%乙草胺 50% acetochlor | T2 | 91.8a | 95.8a | 96.8ab | 96.6a | 96.0a | 95.4a | |
| 33%二甲戊灵 33% pendimethalin | T3 | 84.8a | 95.1ab | 97.8a | 97.8a | 94.2ab | 93.9a | |
| 96%精异丙甲草胺 96% (s)-metolachlor | T4 | 63.1c | 91.8c | 90.6d | 85.6e | 84.8de | 83.2a | |
| 50%敌草胺 50% napropamide | T5 | 36.9ef | 91.5c | 87.0e | 86.5de | 87.3cde | 77.8a | |
| 40%扑草净 40% prometryn | T6 | 48.8d | 87.5d | 80.0f | 87.5d | 89.6bcd | 78.7a | |
| 苗后除草剂 Post emergence herbicides | 15%精吡氟禾草灵 15% fluazifop-p | T7 | 32.8f | 85.4d | 60.0g | 60.8g | 53.9f | 58.6b |
| 10%精喹禾灵 10% quizalofop-p | T8 | 83.6a | 95.8a | 96.9a | 91.8bc | 90.0bcd | 91.6a | |
| 12.5%烯禾啶 12.5% sethoxydim | T9 | 43.9de | 86.9d | 90.4d | 85.1e | 82.9e | 77.8a | |
| 10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl | T10 | 32.0f | 79.2e | 56.6h | 62.6f | 58.4f | 57.8b | |
| 12%烯草酮 12% clethodim | T11 | 73.4b | 94.8ab | 94.7c | 91.2c | 92.2abc | 89.3a | |
| 清水 Water | CK1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | ||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表7各生育期不同种类除草剂对秋豌豆株高的影响
Table7.Effects of different herbicides on autumn pea plant height during different growth stages ????cm
| 除草剂 Herbicides | 处理 Treat-ment | 越冬期 Overwintering stage | 返青期 Turning green stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 开花期 Flowering stage | 始荚期 Pod setting stage | ||
| 苗前除草剂 Pre-emergence herbicides | 48 %氟乐灵 48% trifluralin | T1 | 10.28abc | 13.44a | 25.32a | 54.50a | 68.08a | |
| 50%乙草胺 50% acetochlor | T2 | 10.04cd | 13.40a | 24.76a | 54.56a | 67.54a | ||
| 33%二甲戊灵 33% pendimethalin | T3 | 10.14bcd | 13.42a | 24.26a | 54.34a | 67.52a | ||
| 96%精异丙甲草胺 96% (s)-metolachlor | T4 | 9.70e | 12.56b | 24.66a | 54.42a | 67.60a | ||
| 50%敌草胺 50% napropamide | T5 | 10.36ab | 13.48a | 24.60a | 54.34a | 67.58a | ||
| 40%扑草净 40% prometryn | T6 | 10.32abc | 13.52a | 24.38a | 54.48a | 68.12a | ||
| 苗后除草剂 Post emergence herbicides | 15%精吡氟禾草灵 15% fluazifop-p | T7 | 10.50a | 13.60a | 25.86a | 54.64a | 67.86a | |
| 10%精喹禾灵 10% quizalofop-p | T8 | 10.18bcd | 12.58b | 24.86a | 54.52a | 67.50a | ||
| 12.5%烯禾啶 12.5% sethoxydim | T9 | 9.72e | 11.92c | 19.80b | 54.38a | 67.60a | ||
| 10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl | T10 | 10.38ab | 13.52a | 25.80a | 54.38a | 67.54a | ||
| 12%烯草酮 12% clethodim | T11 | 9.94de | 12.36b | 25.52a | 54.32a | 67.62a | ||
| 清水 Water | CK1 | 10.54a | 13.68a | 25.96a | 54.70a | 68.62a | ||
| 同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | ||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表8各生育期不同种类除草剂对秋豌豆顶叶叶绿素的影响
Table8.Effects of different herbicides on chlorophyll contents of tip leaf of autumn pea during different growth stages
| 除草剂 Herbicides | 处理 Treat-ment | 越冬期 Overwintering stage | 返青期 Turning green stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 开花期 Flowering stage | 始荚期 Pod setting stage | ||
| 苗前除草剂 Pre-emergence herbicides | 48 %氟乐灵 48% trifluralin | T1 | 35.2a | 37.8a | 43.0a | 44.9ab | 42.3a | |
| 50%乙草胺 50% acetochlor | T2 | 34.1b | 36.1bc | 42.7a | 44.6ab | 42.1a | ||
| 33%二甲戊灵 33% pendimethalin | T3 | 34.3b | 35.9bc | 42.9a | 44.7ab | 42.2a | ||
| 96%精异丙甲草胺 96% (s)-metolachlor | T4 | 33.9bc | 36.2b | 40.3b | 44.5ab | 42.0a | ||
| 50%敌草胺 50% napropamide | T5 | 35.4a | 37.9a | 43.1a | 45.2a | 42.5a | ||
| 40%扑草净 40% prometryn | T6 | 35.5a | 37.8a | 43.2a | 45.1a | 42.4a | ||
| 苗后除草剂 Post emergence herbicides | 15%精吡氟禾草灵 15% fluazifop-p | T7 | 33.5cd | 37.7a | 42.8a | 44.7ab | 42.2a | |
| 10%精喹禾灵 10% quizalofop-p | T8 | 32.7e | 35.6cd | 39.8bc | 44.4ab | 42.1a | ||
| 12.5%烯禾啶 12.5% sethoxydim | T9 | 31.8f | 34.9e | 39.1d | 44.1b | 42.1a | ||
| 10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl | T10 | 33.4d | 37.6a | 42.7a | 44.5ab | 42.2a | ||
| 12%烯草酮 12% clethodim | T11 | 32.6e | 35.1de | 39.5cd | 44.4ab | 42.0a | ||
| 清水 Water | CK1 | 35.6a | 38.1a | 43.3a | 45.2a | 42.5a | ||
| 同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | ||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表9不同种类除草剂对秋豌豆茎和叶干物质转运的影响
Table9.Effects of different of herbicides on dry matter transport in stem and leaf of autumn pea
| 器官 Organ | 除草剂 Herbicides | 处理 Treatment | 最大干质量 Max dry matter per plant (g) | 成熟干质量 Mature dry matter per plant (g) | 转运量 Amount of transportation per plant (g) | 移动率 Transfer ratio (%) | 转运率 Transportation ratio (%) | |
| 茎 Stem | 苗前除草剂 Pre-emergence herbicides | 48%氟乐灵 48% trifluralin | T1 | 6.21a | 5.11a | 1.10cde | 17.71ef | 14.67ef |
| 50%乙草胺 50% acetochlor | T2 | 4.65c | 3.08d | 1.57ab | 33.76ab | 25.55a | ||
| 33%二甲戊灵 33% pendimethalin | T3 | 4.39c | 2.75e | 1.64a | 37.36a | 27.53a | ||
| 96%精异丙甲草胺 96% (s)-metolachlor | T4 | 5.06b | 3.69c | 1.37abcd | 27.08cd | 20.01bcd | ||
| 50%敌草胺 50% napropamide | T5 | 4.68c | 3.25d | 1.43abc | 30.56bc | 23.49ab | ||
| 40%扑草净 40% prometryn | T6 | 5.27b | 3.95bc | 1.32abcd | 25.05cd | 18.49cde | ||
| 苗后除草剂 Post emergence herbicides | 15%精吡氟禾草灵 15% fluazifop-p | T7 | 5.19b | 4.07b | 1.12cde | 21.58def | 16.31def | |
| 10%精喹禾灵 10% quizalofop-p | T8 | 5.37b | 4.14b | 1.23bcde | 22.91de | 17.92cde | ||
| 12.5%烯禾啶 12.5% sethoxydim | T9 | 6.05a | 4.99a | 1.06de | 17.52ef | 12.28fg | ||
| 10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl | T10 | 5.03b | 4.01b | 1.02de | 20.28def | 18.96bcd | ||
| 12%烯草酮 12% clethodim | T11 | 5.16b | 3.74c | 1.42abc | 27.52cd | 20.84bc | ||
| 清水 Water | CK1 | 6.25a | 5.23a | 1.02de | 16.32f | 12.09fg | ||
| 叶 Leaf | 苗前除草剂 Preemergence herbicides | 48 %氟乐灵 48% trifluralin | T1 | 4.36cd | 2.71cd | 1.65efg | 37.84ef | 22.01cd |
| 50%乙草胺 50% acetochlor | T2 | 4.30cde | 2.24e | 2.06ab | 47.91a | 33.52ab | ||
| 33%二甲戊灵 33% pendimethalin | T3 | 4.42c | 2.27e | 2.15a | 48.64a | 36.09a | ||
| 96%精异丙甲草胺 96% (s)-metolachlor | T4 | 4.11de | 2.22e | 1.89bcd | 45.99bc | 27.60abc | ||
| 50%敌草胺 50% napropamide | T5 | 4.08e | 2.13e | 1.95abc | 47.79a | 32.03ab | ||
| 40%扑草净 40% prometryn | T6 | 4.21cde | 2.35e | 1.86bcde | 44.18cd | 26.05bc | ||
| 苗后除草剂 Postemergence herbicides | 15%精吡氟禾草灵 15% fluazifop-p | T7 | 4.08e | 2.41de | 1.67defg | 40.93e | 24.32bc | |
| 10%精喹禾灵 10% quizalofop-p | T8 | 4.11de | 2.34e | 1.77cdef | 43.07d | 25.79bc | ||
| 12.5%烯禾啶 12.5% sethoxydim | T9 | 4.68b | 3.06b | 1.62efg | 34.62f | 18.76cd | ||
| 10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl | T10 | 4.15de | 2.79bc | 1.36g | 32.77fg | 25.28bc | ||
| 12%烯草酮 12% clethodim | T11 | 4.06e | 2.15e | 1.91bcd | 47.04b | 28.03abc | ||
| 清水 Water | CK1 | 5.07a | 3.54a | 1.53fg | 30.18g | 18.14cd | ||
| 同列同一器官不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters within the same column for the same organ indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | ||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表10不同种类除草剂对秋豌豆产量及其构成因素的影响
Table10.Effects of different herbicides on yield components and yield of autumn pea
| 除草剂 Herbicide | 处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 分枝 Branch | 节数 Node number | 荚数 Pod number | 荚长 Pod length (cm) | 百粒重 100-grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | |
| 苗前除草剂 Pre-emergence herbicides | 48 %氟乐灵 48% trifluralin | T1 | 69.67a | 1.77cd | 19.78a | 14.50bcde | 6.13a | 19.71a | 2 437.50abc |
| 50%乙草胺 50% acetochlor | T2 | 69.46a | 1.67d | 19.56a | 15.40bc | 6.65a | 20.12a | 3 118.75ab | |
| 33%二甲戊灵 33% pendimethalin | T3 | 70.33a | 1.61d | 19.41a | 15.78 a | 6.46a | 19.11a | 3 231.25a | |
| 96%精异丙甲草胺 96% (s)-metolachlor | T4 | 69.78a | 1.78cd | 19.33a | 18.96b | 6.07a | 19.67a | 2 631.25abc | |
| 50%敌草胺 50% napropamide | T5 | 69.57a | 1.78cd | 19.89a | 16.00bcde | 6.54a | 20.37a | 3 075.00abc | |
| 40%扑草净 40% prometryn | T6 | 70.25a | 2.01ab | 19.22a | 15.20bcde | 6.02a | 19.97a | 2 593.75abc | |
| 苗后除草剂 Post emergence herbicides | 15%精吡氟禾草灵 15% fluazifop-p | T7 | 70.42a | 1.98ab | 19.56a | 14.80e | 6.09a | 20.61a | 2 512.50abc |
| 10%精喹禾灵 10% quizalofop-p | T8 | 69.78a | 1.85bc | 19.44a | 14.10e | 6.67a | 21.37a | 2 568.75abc | |
| 12.5%烯禾啶 12.5% sethoxydim | T9 | 70.89a | 1.92bc | 19.56a | 14.10bcde | 6.24a | 19.42a | 2 312.50bc | |
| 10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl | T10 | 70.09a | 1.96ab | 19.33a | 15.40bcd | 5.93a | 21.02a | 2 218.75c | |
| 12%烯草酮 12% clethodim | T11 | 70.11a | 1.88bc | 20.22a | 15.60de | 6.33a | 20.15a | 2 862.50abc | |
| 人工除草 Artificial weeding | CK2 | 70.53a | 2.11a | 20.35a | 14.20cde | 6.26a | 21.31a | 2 275.00bc | |
| 同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | |||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表11不同种类除草剂对秋豌豆经济效益的影响
Table11.Effects of different herbicides on economic benefit of autumn pea
| 除草剂 Herbicide | 处理 Treatment | 总成本 Total cost | 总收入 Gross income | 净收入 Net income (￥ ·hm-2) | ||||||||
| 劳动力成本 Labor cost | 除草剂 Herbicide (￥ ·hm-2) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | 单价 Price (￥ ·kg-1) | 总计 Total (￥ ·hm-2) | ||||||||
| 单价 Price (￥ ·labor-1) | 劳动人次 Labor times per hectare | 工作天数 Working days (d·hm-2) | 总计 Total (￥ ·hm-2) | |||||||||
| 苗前除草剂 Pre-emergence herbicides | 48%氟乐灵 48% trifluralin | T1 | 50 | 3 | 2.5 | 375 | 70.67 | 2 437.50 | 3 | 7 312.50 | 6 866.83 | |
| 50%乙草胺 50% acetochlor | T2 | 50 | 3 | 2.5 | 375 | 90.46 | 3 118.75 | 3 | 9 356.25 | 8 890.79 | ||
| 33%二甲戊灵 33% pendimethalin | T3 | 50 | 3 | 2.5 | 375 | 243.00 | 3 231.25 | 3 | 9 693.75 | 9 075.75 | ||
| 96%精异丙甲草胺 96% (s)-metolachlor | T4 | 50 | 3 | 2.5 | 375 | 173.54 | 2 631.25 | 3 | 7 893.75 | 7 345.21 | ||
| 50%敌草胺 50% napropamide | T5 | 50 | 3 | 2.5 | 375 | 300.00 | 3 075.00 | 3 | 9 225.00 | 8 550.00 | ||
| 40%扑草净 40% prometryn | T6 | 50 | 3 | 2.5 | 375 | 48.21 | 2 593.75 | 3 | 7 781.25 | 7 358.04 | ||
| 苗后除草剂 Post emergence herbicides | 15%精吡氟禾草灵 15% fluazifop-p | T7 | 50 | 3 | 2.5 | 375 | 123.75 | 2 512.50 | 3 | 7 537.50 | 7 038.75 | |
| 10%精喹禾灵 10% quizalofop-p | T8 | 50 | 3 | 2.5 | 375 | 42.19 | 2 568.75 | 3 | 7 706.25 | 7 289.06 | ||
| 12.5%烯禾啶 12.5% sethoxydim | T9 | 50 | 3 | 2.5 | 375 | 384.00 | 2 312.50 | 3 | 6 937.50 | 6 178.50 | ||
| 10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl | T10 | 50 | 3 | 2.5 | 375 | 72.39 | 2 218.75 | 3 | 6 656.25 | 6 208.86 | ||
| 12%烯草酮 12% clethodim | T11 | 50 | 3 | 2.5 | 375 | 25.38 | 2 862.50 | 3 | 8 587.50 | 8 187.12 | ||
| 人工除草 Artificial weeding | CK2 | 50 | 10 | 6.0 | 3 000 | 0 | 2 275.00 | 3 | 6 825.00 | 3 825.00 | ||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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