韩冬梅^1,,
金书秦^2,,,
胡钰²,
吴天龙²,
陈艳丽²
1.河北大学经济学院 保定 071002
2.农业农村部农村经济研究中心 北京 100810
基金项目: 国家社会科学基金项目18BGL166

详细信息

作者简介:韩冬梅, 主要研究方向为农业农村环境政策、环境经济学。E-mail:michelle_meimei@126.com

通讯作者:金书秦, 主要研究方向为农业面源污染、农业农村环境政策。E-mail:jinshuqin@126.com

中图分类号:F304.5

计量

文章访问数:2758
HTML全文浏览量:15
PDF下载量:9061
被引次数:0

出版历程

收稿日期:2018-11-26
录用日期:2019-01-02
刊出日期:2019-06-01

Environmental risks and precautions in pig husbandry relocation in China

HAN Dongmei^1,,
JIN Shuqin^2,,,
HU Yu²,
WU Tianlong²,
CHEN Yanli²
1. College of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
2. Research Center for Rural Economy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100810, China
Funds: the National Social Science Foundation of China18BGL166

More Information

Corresponding author:JIN Shuqin, E-mail: jinshuqin@126.com

摘要
HTML全文
图(4)表(0)
参考文献(17)
相关文章
施引文献
资源附件(0)
访问统计

摘要
摘要:养殖业是中国农业农村经济的支柱产业，也是最重要的农业污染源。在环保政策高压和产业政策引导下，中国南方传统养猪大省生猪出栏减量较大，北方逐步承接，形成“南猪北养”之势。“南猪北养”是中国农业整体北移的一个缩影，同时在饲料供给、资源环境禀赋等方面有其合理性。但同时也必须认识到，“南猪北养”格局形成的同时也存在着巨大的环境风险。本研究基于此，分析了现有生猪养殖布局调整可能会带来的潜在环境风险以及由此导致的环境不公正。一是北方地区的气候条件和耕作制度不利于养殖粪便的资源化；二是对北方水资源供给和水环境质量带来较大的潜在风险；三是养殖转移后有可能导致部分区域养殖密度过大，超出土地承载，对局部生态环境造成威胁。因此，为了避免以牺牲东北的冰天雪地为代价保护南方的绿水青山，应当建立和完善跨区域的生态补偿机制，降低南北资源环境的不公平程度；合理利用养殖区域空间，科学布局，避免局部养殖过密；落实和创设种养结合的约束和激励政策；严格落实对承接区养殖场的环保要求，并在此基础上创新污染减排方式。
Abstract:Livestock breeding is not only a pillar industry of China's agricultural and rural economy, but also the most important source of agricultural pollution. Under the influence of environmental protection and industrial policies, pig husbandry in the southern provinces of China has largely reduced in recent years. These provinces were originally the traditional pig husbandry regions. Meanwhile, the pig husbandry is booming in the northern provinces of China. This relocation from the southern to the northern part of China is just a microcosm of the transition in Chinese agriculture. Although there is some rationality based on the availability of resources and environmental characteristics, there are still huge environmental risks associated with the process of pig husbandry relocation. Based on this argument, this study analyzed the potential environmental risks and environmental injustice caused by the current relocation of pig husbandry and the following conclusions were drawn. Firstly, the climatic conditions and farming system in the northern part of China are not suitable for resource utilization of cultured manure. Secondly, it may pose a huge potential risk to the water quality and water supply in the area. Moreover, the breeding density in some areas might be too large, which is beyond the carrying capacity of the land and threatens the local ecological environment. The ecological environment of Northeast China is as important as that of South China. To avoid damaging the environment in the northern part of China, we should establish and optimize an inter-regional ecological compensation mechanism to reduce the environmental unfairness between northern and southern China. The region of pig breeding should also be scientifically optimized to avoid uneven distribution. Moreover, farming and pig husbandry should be combined organically by an accompanying reward and punishment policy. Finally, strict environmental protection policies must be implemented, and innovative pollution reduction methods should also be introduced.

HTML全文


图12014—2016年中国31个省(市、自治区)生猪出栏累计变幅(a)和减猪量贡献百分比(b)
以上结果为2016年与2014年比较, 数据来源参见文献[4]。
Figure1.Change rate of the amount of pig slaughter (a) and percentage of pig production reduction contribution (b) in 31 provinces (cities, autonomous region) of China
The data of figures are comparison between 2016 and 2014. The data refer to reference [4].


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图22007—2017年浙江省生猪出栏和消费量对比
国家统计局公开的各省生猪消费量与出栏量差距较大, 经过分析, 认为消费数据中应该没有包括外出就餐的生猪消费量。文中的消费量数据按照全国总出栏量和总消费量基本平衡、各省(除特殊省份)人均猪肉消费习惯基本相似进行估算, 经验证大致符合实际情况。
Figure2.Comparison of pig slaughter and consumption in Zhejiang Province from 2007 to 2017
There is a big gap between the consumption of live pigs and the amount of pig slaughter according to the data published by National Bureau of Statistics. After analysis, it is concluded that the consumption data do not include pork consumed in restaurants. The consumption data estimates in Figure 2 and Figure 3 are based on two assumptions: first, the total amount of pig slaughter and consumption in China are basically balanced; second, the pork consumption habits in all provinces are similar except for some special provinces. It has been proved that the estimated data are basically in line with the actual situation.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图32007—2017年黑龙江省生猪出栏和消费量对比
Figure3.Comparison of pig slaughter and consumption in Heilongjiang Province from 2007 to 2017


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图42015年黑龙江省畜禽粪污产生密度分布
Figure4.Distribution of livestock manure production density in Heilongjiang Province in 2015


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


参考文献(17)

[1]	肖雁飞, 廖双红.绿色创新还是污染转移:环境规制效应文献综述与协同减排理论展望[J].世界地理研究, 2017, 26(4):126-133 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2017.04.013 XIAO Y F, LIAO S H. Green innovation or pollution transfer:A review of environmental regulation effect and prospect of coordinated reduction[J]. World Regional Studies, 2017, 26(4):126-133 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2017.04.013
[2]	刘文宇.我国污染转移的制度根源与改革方向[J].兰州财经大学学报, 2017, 33(5):119-124 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5465.2017.05.014 LIU W Y. The system root and reform direction of pollution transfer in China[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics, 2017, 33(5):119-124 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5465.2017.05.014
[3]	虞祎, 张晖, 胡浩.环境规制对中国生猪生产布局的影响分析[J].中国农村经济, 2011, (8):81-88 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nyxdhyj201803010 YU W, ZHANG H, HU H. The influences of environmental regulations on hog production distribution in China[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, 2011, (8):81-88 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nyxdhyj201803010
[4]	中国畜牧兽医年鉴编辑委员会.中国畜牧兽医年鉴2017[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2017 Editorial Board of China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Yearbook. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Yearbook 2017[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2017
[5]	张雨.省畜牧兽医局引巨资扶强企打造绿色大厨房[N].黑龙江日报, 2016-12-25(01) ZHANG Y. Bureau of Provincial Animal Husbandry and Veterinary invites huge investment to support enterprises to build green kitchen[N]. Heilongjiang Daily, 2016-12-25(01)
[6]	周力.产业集聚、环境规制与畜禽养殖半点源污染[J].中国农村经济, 2011, (2):60-73 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgncjj201102008 ZHOU L. Industrial agglomeration, environmental regulation and half point source pollution of livestock and poultry breeding[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, 2011, (2):60-73 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgncjj201102008
[7]	王佩, 吴秀敏.中国大规模生猪养殖成本与主要国际竞争者的比较[J].中国农学通报, 2014, 30(35):13-18 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgnxtb201435003 WANG P, WU X M. International comparison of swine production cost[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2014, 30(35):13-18 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgnxtb201435003
[8]	白华艳.发达国家生猪规模化养殖的粪污处理经验[J].东华理工大学学报:社会科学版, 2015, 34(3):212-216 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/fuzszxb201503003 BAI H Y. The pig farm pollution treatment and economic effect[J]. Journal of East China Institute of Technology:Social Science, 2015, 34(3):212-216 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/fuzszxb201503003
[9]	余文梦, 孙小霞, 苏时鹏.省域农用地猪粪负荷强度时空演变分析[J].中国生态农业学报, 2019, 27(3):494-506 http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/zgstny/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2019-0316&flag=1 YU W M, SUN X X, SU S P. Analysis on temporal and spatial changes of pig manure load in agricultural land in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2019, 27(3):494-506 http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/zgstny/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2019-0316&flag=1
[10]	李方一, 刘卫东, 唐志鹏.中国区域间隐含污染转移研究[J].地理学报, 2013, 68(6):791-801 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dlxb201306007 LI F Y, LIU W D, TANG Z P. Study on inter-regional transfer of embodied pollution in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(6):791-801 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dlxb201306007
[11]	李靖, 张正尧, 毛翔飞, 等.我国农业生产力布局评价及优化建议——基于资源环境承载力的分析[J].农业经济问题, 2016, (3):26-33 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=nyjjwt201603004 LI J, ZHANG Z Y, MAO X F, et al. Evaluation and optimizing suggestions of agricultural productivity layout in China:Based on the analysis of resources and environment bearing capacity[J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2016, (3):26-33 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=nyjjwt201603004
[12]	王亚娟, 刘小鹏.宁夏农地畜禽粪便负荷及环境风险评价[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2015, 29(8):115-119 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghqzyyhj201508020 WANG Y J, LIU X P. Livestock manure load for farmland and the environmental risk assessment in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2015, 29(8):115-119 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghqzyyhj201508020
[13]	陶秀萍, 董红敏.畜禽废弃物无害化处理与资源化利用技术研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报, 2017, 19(1):37-42 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgnykjdb201701006 TAO X P, DONG H M. Research progress on animal waste treatment and recycling technology[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2017, 19(1):37-42 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgnykjdb201701006
[14]	夏颖倩, 吴中红, 刘继军, 等.北京猪场不同阶段猪耗水量现状监测[J].家畜生态学报, 2017, 38(7):55-60 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2017.07.011 XIA Y Q, WU Z H, LIU J J, et al. Status monitoring towards water consumption of pigs at each stage in pig farms in Beijing[J]. Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici, 2017, 38(7):55-60 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2017.07.011
[15]	魏秀芬, 王宗晨.种养结合治理畜禽粪污的对策研究——以天津市为例[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2017, (2):4-7 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QKC20172017031700058073 WEI X F, WANG Z C. Study on the countermeasure of combining planting and breeding to control livestock and poultry manure:Take Tianjin as an example[J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2017, (2):4-7 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QKC20172017031700058073
[16]	金书秦, 韩冬梅, 吴娜伟.中国畜禽养殖污染防治政策评估[J].农业经济问题, 2018, (3):119-126 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=nyjjwt201803013 JIN S Q, HAN D M, WU N W. Evaluation on prevention policies for livestock and poultry pollution in China[J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2018, (3):119-126 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=nyjjwt201803013
[17]	韩冬梅, 金书秦.基于流域水质改善的工、农业排污权交易制度探索[J].济南大学学报:社会科学版, 2017, 27(5):120-126 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jndxxb-shkxb201705013 HAN D M, JIN S Q. Investigation on system establishment of emission trading in industry and agriculture based on the improvement of water quality in drainage basin[J]. Journal of University of Jinan:Social Science Edition, 2017, 27(5):120-126 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jndxxb-shkxb201705013