温度升高和降水减少对半干旱区春小麦生长发育及产量的协同影响

删除或更新信息，请邮件至freekaoyan#163.com(#换成@)

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01

张凯^{1, 2,},
王润元^1,,,
王鹤龄¹,
赵鸿¹,
赵福年¹,
阳伏林¹,
陈斐¹,
齐月¹,
雷俊³
1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室兰州 730020
2.中国气象局定西干旱气象与生态环境野外试验基地定西 743000
3.甘肃省定西市气象局定西 743000
基金项目: 国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项GYHY201506001-2
国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项GYHY201106029
甘肃省气象局气象科研项目GSMAMs2016-14
国家自然科学基金项目41305134
国家自然科学基金项目41775107
国家自然科学基金项目41775105
干旱气象科学研究基金项目IAM201505

详细信息

作者简介:张凯, 主要从事干旱半干旱区气候变化对农业影响及适应技术、干旱致灾过程和机理研究。E-mail:lanzhouzhk@163.com

通讯作者:王润元, 主要从事气候变化对农业的影响、农业气象灾害研究。E-mail:wryww@163.com

中图分类号:S162.5

计量

文章访问数:763
HTML全文浏览量:5
PDF下载量:602
被引次数:0

出版历程

收稿日期:2018-12-31
录用日期:2019-01-19
刊出日期:2019-03-01

Influence of climate warming and rainfall reduction on semi-arid wheat production

ZHANG Kai^{1, 2,},
WANG Runyuan^1,,,
WANG Heling¹,
ZHAO Hong¹,
ZHAO Funian¹,
YANG Fulin¹,
CHEN Fei¹,
QI Yue¹,
LEI Jun³
1. Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction in Gansu Province/Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China
2. Dingxi Arid Meteorology and Ecological Environment Field Experimental Station, China Meteorological Administration, Dingxi 743000, China
3. Meteorological Bureau of Dingxi City, Dingxi 743000, China
Funds: This study was supported by the Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest of ChinaGYHY201506001-2
This study was supported by the Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest of ChinaGYHY201106029
the Meteorological Research Project of Gansu Meteorological BureauGSMAMs2016-14
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41305134
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41775107
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41775105
the Drought Meteorological Research FoundationIAM201505

More Information

Corresponding author:WANG Runyuan, E-mail:wryww@163.com

摘要
HTML全文
图(4)表(4)
参考文献(35)
相关文章
施引文献
资源附件(0)
访问统计

摘要
摘要:为探索和验证未来气候变化对半干旱雨养区春小麦生产的影响，了解春小麦生长发育和产量对增温和降水减少协同响应的基本特征，采用开放式红外增温系统装置和水分控制观测场，设置不同温度[增温0℃(对照)、增温1.0℃、增温2.0℃]和水分梯度(正常降水、降水减少30%)模拟气候变化对半干旱区春小麦产量、生物量、穗部性状以及株高、叶面积、叶绿素和叶片净光合速率的影响。结果表明：温度升高和降水减少在春小麦的籽粒产量和生物产量上均表现出显著的协同作用。在不增温、增温1.0℃、增温2.0℃下降水减少30%处理比正常降水处理分别减产24.41%、12.93%和27.38%，生物量分别减少19.25%、10.31%和22.11%。因为籽粒产量的降幅略大于生物产量的降幅，所以导致经济系数降低。温度升高和降水减少抑制了春小麦穗的形成，在各增温条件下，穗长、穗重、总小穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重表现为降水减少30%处理低于正常降水处理，而无效小穗数和不孕率表现为降水减少30%处理高于正常降水处理。温度升高和降水减少的协同作用对春小麦叶片净光合速率有极显著影响，对叶面积和叶绿素含量有显著影响。二因子协同作用使春小麦叶片净光合速率降低，导致春小麦株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量和茎秆重降低。研究结果可为进一步开展气候变暖下春小麦的响应与适应研究和未来半干旱区春小麦的安全种植提供理论依据。
关键词:温度升高/
降水减少/
春小麦/
生长发育/
产量/
半干旱区
Abstract:Infrared simulations were conducted in semi-arid Dingxi, Gansu, Northwest China to investigate the influence of climate changes that result in increased temperatures and reduced rainfalls on spring wheat production. Spring wheat was grown in one of the following six simulations formed in a factorial arrangement of three ambient temperature changes (+0℃, +1.0℃ and +2.0℃) and two rainfalls[normal (W₀) and 30% below average (W₃₀)]:0-W₀, 0-W₃₀, 1-W₀, 1-W₃₀, 2-W₀, and 2-W₃₀. Wheat yield, biomass, panicle characteristics, plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, and net photosynthetic rate in each simulation were obtained. Decreased rainfall reduced wheat grain yield by 24.41%, 12.93%, and 27.38%, and wheat biological yield by 19.25%, 10.31%, and 22.11%, for +0℃, +1.0℃, and +2.0℃, respectively. The decreases suggested that the impact of climate warming was especially unfavorable for the economical return of wheat production. Wheat grown with decreased rainfall was lower in panicle length and weight, total spikelet number, number of grains per panicle, weight of grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight, and higher in sterile spikelet number and spikelet sterility rate. Wheat net photosynthetic rate, leaf area, and chlorophyll content were reduced as the ambient temperature was increased and rainfall decreased. Spring wheat growth and production were severely affected when the ambient temperature increased 1℃ to 2℃ and rainfall dropped 30% in semi-arid China, suggesting that it is important to develop adaptation cropping to climate changes.
Key words:Temperature increase/
Rainfall reduction/
Spring wheat/
Growth and development/
Yield/
Semi-arid area

HTML全文

图1试验地点位置示意图
Figure1.Location of the experiment site in Gansu Province

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图2试验基地增温装置和水分观测场
Figure2.Infrared heaters and moisture-controlled fields used in the experiment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图3研究地点1961——2011年春小麦生长季平均月降水量
Figure3.Average monthly precipitation in the growing season of spring wheat during 1961–2011 in the study site

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图4温度升高和降水减少协同作用下气温(a)和土壤相对湿度(b)的平均日变化
0-W₀:不增温、正常降雨量; 0-W₃₀:不增温、降雨量减少30%; 1-W₀:增温1 ℃、正常降雨量; 1-W₃₀:增温1 ℃、降雨量减少30%; 2-W₀:增温2 ℃、正常降雨量; 2-W₃₀:增温2 ℃、降雨量减少30%。
Figure4.Mean diurnal variations of air temperature (a) and soil relative moisture (b) under treatments of three temperature levels and two precipitation levels
0-W₀: normal temperature and precipitation; 0-W₃₀: normal temperature and precipitation reduced by 30%; 1-W₀: temperature increased by 1 ℃ and normal precipitation; 1-W₃₀: temperature increased by 1 ℃ and precipitation reduced by 30%; 2-W₀: temperature increased by 2 ℃ and normal precipitation; 2-W₃₀: temperature increased by 2 ℃ and precipitation reduced by 30%.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表1温度升高和降水减少协同作用对春小麦产量的影响
Table1.Effects of temperature increase and rainfall decrease on yield of spring wheat

处理 Treatment	平均籽粒产量 Average grain yield (g·plant^-1)	平均生物产量 Average biological yield (g·plant^-1)	经济系数 Harvest index
0-W₀	1.221±0.04a	2.862±0.11a	0.427±0.01a
0-W₃₀	0.923±0.09bc	2.311±0.09c	0.399±0.02ab
1-W₀	0.959±0.09b	2.484±0.05b	0.385±0.03b
1-W₃₀	0.835±0.06c	2.228±0.13c	0.375±0.01b
2-W₀	0.610±0.05d	1.877±0.09d	0.325±0.01c
2-W₃₀	0.443±0.08e	1.462±0.14e	0.301±0.03c
??不同小写字母表示差异在P < 0.05水平显著。0-W₀:不增温、正常降雨量; 0-W₃₀:不增温、降雨量减少30%; 1-W₀:增温1 ℃、正常降雨量; 1-W₃₀:增温1 ℃、降雨量减少30%; 2-W₀:增温2 ℃、正常降雨量; 2-W₃₀:增温2 ℃、降雨量减少30%。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). 0-W₀: normal temperature and precipitation; 0-W₃₀: normal temperature and precipitation reduced by 30%; 1-W₀: temperature increased by 1 ℃ and normal precipitation; 1-W₃₀: temperature increased by 1 ℃ and precipitation reduced by 30%; 2-W₀: temperature increased by 2 ℃ and normal precipitation; 2-W₃₀: temperature increased by 2 ℃ and precipitation reduced by 30%.

下载: 导出CSV
表2温度升高和降水减少协同作用对春小麦影响的双因子方差分析
Table2.Two-way ANOVA of the interactive effects of temperature increase and rainfall decrease on spring wheat

变量 Variable	温度?Temperature			降水量?Precipitation			交互作用?Interaction
变量 Variable	df	F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P
籽粒产量?Grain yield	2	125.21	0.000^**	1	46.13	0.000^**	2	3.45	0.048^*
生物产量?Biological yield	2	151.52	0.000^**	1	83.01	0.000^**	2	3.63	0.042^*
株高?Plant height	2	24.78	0.000^**	1	22.66	0.000^**	2	0.84	0.442
叶面积?Leaf area	2	304.28	0.000^**	1	148.98	0.000^**	2	4.62	0.020^*
叶绿素含量?Chlorophyll content	2	66.38	0.000^**	1	162.02	0.000^**	2	3.75	0.038^*
净光合速率?Net photosynthetic rate	2	617.69	0.000^**	1	923.66	0.000^**	2	31.75	0.000^**
??:P < 0.05;*:P < 0.01。

下载: 导出CSV
表3温度升高和降水减少协同作用对春小麦穗部性状的影响
Table3.Effects of temperature increase and rainfall decrease on spike characteristics of spring wheat

处理 Treatment	穗长 Length of panicle (cm)	穗重 Weight of panicle (g)	单株总小穗数 Total spikelet number per plant	单株无效小穗数 Sterile spikelet number per plant	不孕率 Spikelet sterility rate (%)	穗粒数 Grains per panicle	穗粒重 Grains weight per panicle (g)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
0-W₀	13.70±0.31a	1.42±0.09a	33.80±1.33a	5.20±0.75d	15.42±2.38e	29.00±0.63a	1.18±0.09a	40.62±3.10a
0-W₃₀	12.35±0.68bc	1.03±0.15b	28.80±2.04bc	6.00±0.63bcd	20.99±3.20cd	22.60±1.36bc	0.76±0.07c	33.71±1.33b
1-W₀	12.89±0.77ab	1.07±0.11b	30.40±2.42b	5.80±0.75cd	19.14±2.38de	24.60±1.74b	0.88±0.07b	35.94±0.70b
1-W₃₀	10.88±0.50d	0.85±0.04c	27.60±1.36cd	6.80±1.17abc	24.78±4.93bc	20.80±0.75cd	0.67±0.06c	32.21±2.94bc
2-W₀	11.95±0.46c	0.82±0.13cd	26.20±1.33d	7.20±0.75ab	27.59±3.41b	19.00±0.63d	0.54±0.08d	28.09±3.49cd
2-W₃₀	9.68±0.71e	0.67±0.09d	23.40±1.36e	8.00±0.63a	34.41±4.31a	15.80±0.75e	0.41±0.08e	25.65±4.56d
??不同小写字母表示差异在P < 0.05水平显著。0-W₀:不增温、正常降雨量; 0-W₃₀:不增温、降雨量减少30%; 1-W₀:增温1 ℃、正常降雨量; 1-W₃₀:增温1 ℃、降雨量减少30%; 2-W₀:增温2 ℃、正常降雨量; 2-W₃₀:增温2 ℃、降雨量减少30%。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). 0-W₀: normal temperature and precipitation; 0-W₃₀: normal temperature and precipitation reduced by 30%; 1-W₀: temperature increased by 1 ℃ and normal precipitation; 1-W₃₀: temperature increased by 1 ℃ and precipitation reduced by 30%; 2-W₀: temperature increased by 2 ℃ and normal precipitation; 2-W₃₀: temperature increased by 2 ℃ and precipitation reduced by 30%.

下载: 导出CSV
表4温度升高和降水减少协同作用对春小麦净光合速率和生长发育指标的影响
Table4.Effects of temperature increase and rainfall decrease on leaf net photosynthetic rate and growth characteristics of spring wheat

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (SPAD)	茎秆重 Stem weight (g·plant^-1)
0-W₀	25.38±0.21a	76.66±1.47a	79.53±3.23a	52.36±1.15a	1.028±0.09a
0-W₃₀	22.96±0.42b	70.53±1.80bc	60.17±4.03c	45.22±1.63c	0.811±0.07b
1-W₀	23.34±0.16b	72.33±1.73b	67.81±3.99b	48.20±1.20b	0.851±0.07b
1-W₃₀	19.50±0.26d	68.66±2.13bc	47.97±3.08d	39.52±1.37d	0.567±0.06d
2-W₀	21.36±0.38c	67.16±3.33c	35.07±2.88e	44.50±1.39c	0.673±0.05c
2-W₃₀	16.62±0.24e	59.70±5.34d	24.27±2.60f	32.59±2.64e	0.485±0.06d
??不同小写字母表示差异在P < 0.05水平显著。0-W₀:不增温、正常降雨量; 0-W₃₀:不增温、降雨量减少30%; 1-W₀:增温1 ℃、正常降雨量; 1-W₃₀:增温1 ℃、降雨量减少30%; 2-W₀:增温2 ℃、正常降雨量; 2-W₃₀:增温2 ℃、降雨量减少30%。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). 0-W₀: normal temperature and precipitation; 0-W₃₀: normal temperature and precipitation reduced by 30%; 1-W₀: temperature increased by 1 ℃ and normal precipitation; 1-W₃₀: temperature increased by 1 ℃ and precipitation reduced by 30%; 2-W₀: temperature increased by 2 ℃ and normal precipitation; 2-W₃₀: temperature increased by 2 ℃ and precipitation reduced by 30%.

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(35)

[1]	秦大河, STOCKER T. IPCC第五次评估报告第一工作组报告的亮点结论[J].气候变化研究进展, 2014, 10(1):1-6 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1719.2014.01.001 QIN D H, STOCKER T. Highlights of the IPCC working group I fifth assessment report[J]. Progressus Inquisitiones de Mutatione Climatis, 2014, 10(1):1-6 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1719.2014.01.001
[2]	任国玉, 初子莹, 周雅清, 等.中国气温变化研究最新进展[J].气候与环境研究, 2005, 10(2):701-716 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/qhyhjyj200504001 REN G Y, CHU Z Y, ZHOU Y Q, et al. Recent progresses in studies of regional temperature changes in China[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2005, 10(2):701-716 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/qhyhjyj200504001
[3]	马柱国, 符淙斌. 1951~2004年中国北方干旱化的基本事实[J].科学通报, 2006, 51(20):2429-2439 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.2006.20.016 MA Z G, FU C B. Some evidence of drying trend over northern China from 1951 to 2004[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51(20):2429-2439 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.2006.20.016
[4]	李新周, 马柱国, 刘晓东.中国北方干旱化年代际特征与大气环流的关系[J].大气科学, 2006, 30(2):277-284 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.02.10 LI X Z, MA Z G, LIU X D. Inter-decadal characteristics of aridification over northern China associated with the variation of atmospheric circulation during the past 50 years[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2006, 30(2):277-284 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.02.10
[5]	李广, 李玥, 黄高宝, 等.基于APSIM模型旱地春小麦产量对温度和CO₂浓度升高的响应[J].中国生态农业学报, 2012, 20(8):1088-1095 http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/zgstny/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2012821&flag=1 LI G, LI Y, HUANG G B, et al. Response of dryland spring wheat yield to elevated CO₂ concentration and temperature by APSIM model[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2012, 20(8):1088-1095 http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/zgstny/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2012821&flag=1
[6]	吴宏亮, 康建宏, 姚珊, 等.花后高温干旱对春小麦淀粉形成的影响[J].新疆农业科学, 2013, 50(11):1974-1984 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xjnykx201311003 WU H L, KANG J H, YAO S, et al. Effect of high temperature and drought on the formation of starch after flowering of spring wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 50(11):1974-1984 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xjnykx201311003
[7]	秦鹏, 刘秉焱, 韩翠英, 等.水分胁迫下不同抗旱性小麦品种叶片转录因子表达差异研究[J].西北植物学报, 2016, 36(11):2267-2272 doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2016.11.2267 QIN P, LIU B Y, HAN C Y, et al. Comparative expression of two function-known transcription genes in different drought tolerance wheat cultivars under water deficit stress[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2016, 36(11):2267-2272 doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2016.11.2267
[8]	刘丹, 张佳华, 孟凡超, 等.不同水分和增温处理对东北玉米生长和产量的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2013, 32(11):2904-2910 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stxzz201311010 LIU D, ZHANG J H, MENG F C, et al. Effects of different soil moisture and air temperature regimes on the growth characteristics and grain yield of maize in Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2013, 32(11):2904-2910 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stxzz201311010
[9]	田云录, 郑建初, 张彬, 等.麦田开放式昼夜不同增温系统的设计及增温效果[J].中国农业科学, 2010, 43(18):3724-3731 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.18.005 TIAN Y L, ZHENG J C, ZHANG B, et al. Design of free air temperature increasing (FATI) system for upland with three diurnal warming scenarios and their effects[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(18):3724-3731 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.18.005
[10]	张凯, 王润元, 王鹤龄, 等.模拟增温对半干旱雨养区春小麦物质生产与分配的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(16):223-232 doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.16.031 ZHANG K, WANG R Y, WANG H L, et al. Effects of simulated warming on dry matter production and distribution of rainfed spring wheat in semi-arid area[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2016, 32(16):223-232 doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.16.031
[11]	张凯, 王润元, 王鹤龄, 等.田间增温对半干旱区春小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2015, 26(9):2681-2688 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yystxb201509012 ZHANG K, WANG R Y, WANG H L, et al. Effects of increasing field temperature on growth, development and yield of spring wheat in semi-arid area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(9):2681-2688 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yystxb201509012
[12]	房世波, 谭凯炎, 任三学.夜间增温对冬小麦生长和产量影响的实验研究[J].中国农业科学, 2010, 43(15):3251-3258 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.15.025 FANG S B, TAN K Y, REN S X. Winter wheat yields decline with spring higher night temperature by controlled experiments[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(15):3251-3258 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.15.025
[13]	卞晓波, 陈丹丹, 王强盛, 等.花后开放式增温对小麦产量及品质的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2012, 45(8):1489-1498 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.08.004 BIAN X B, CHEN D D, WANG Q S, et al. Effects of different day and night temperature enhancements on wheat grain yield and quality after anthesis under free air controlled condition[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(8):1489-1498 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.08.004
[14]	张凯, 王润元, 冯起, 等.模拟增温和降水变化对半干旱区春小麦生长及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(S1):161-170 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nygcxb2015z1019 ZHANG K, WANG R Y, FENG Q, et al. Effects of simulated warming and precipitation change on growth characteristics and grain yield of spring wheat in semi-arid area[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2015, 31(S1):161-170 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nygcxb2015z1019
[15]	曹彩云, 党红凯, 郑春莲, 等.灌浆期高温胁迫对小麦灌浆的影响及叶面喷剂的缓解作用[J].中国生态农业学报, 2016, 24(8):1103-1113 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stnyyj201608013 CAO C Y, DANG H K, ZHENG C L, et al. Impact of high temperature stress on grain-filling and the relief effect of foliage sprays during grain-filling stage of wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(8):1103-1113 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stnyyj201608013
[16]	张雅倩, 林琪, 刘家斌, 等.干旱胁迫对不同肥水类型小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报, 2011, 31(4):724-730 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=SciencePaper201303040000471865 ZHANG Y Q, LIN Q, LIU J B, et al. Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of different fertilizer and water types of wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2011, 31(4):724-730 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=SciencePaper201303040000471865
[17]	胡吉帮, 王晨阳, 郭天财, 等.灌浆期高温和干旱对小麦灌浆特性的影响[J].河南农业大学学报, 2008, 42(6):597-601 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hennannydxxb200806004 HU J B, WANG C Y, GUO T C, et al. Effects of high temperature and drought stress on grain filling characteristics in wheat during grain filling period[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2008, 42(6):597-601 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hennannydxxb200806004
[18]	张军, 刘红, 李晓萍, 等.干旱对小麦孕穗期叶片生理特性及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2014, 32(3):1-8 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghdqnyyj201403001 ZHANG J, LIU H, LI X P, et al. Effect of drought on leaf physiological parameters and yield of wheat at booting stage[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2014, 32(3):1-8 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghdqnyyj201403001
[19]	张凯, 王润元, 王鹤龄, 等.增温对半干旱区春小麦田间水分特征的影响[J].干旱气象, 2015, 33(6):52-58 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghqx201501006 ZHANG K, WANG R Y, WANG H L, et al. Effect of warming on field water characteristics of spring wheat in semi-arid area[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2015, 33(6):52-58 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghqx201501006
[20]	国家气象局.农业气象观测规范[M].北京:气象出版社, 1993 China Meteorological Administration. China Agricultural Meteorological Observation Guidelines[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 1993
[21]	张强, 邹旭恺, 肖风劲. GB/T 20481-2006气象干旱等级[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2006 ZHANG Q, ZOU X K, XIAO F J. GB/T 20481-2006 Classification of meteorological drought category[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2006
[22]	SAVIN R, NICOLAS M E. Effects of short periods of drought and high temperature on grain growth and starch accumulation of two malting barley cultivars[J]. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1996, 23(2):201-210 http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/external-ref?access_num=10.1071/PP9960201&link_type=DOI
[23]	PRADHAN G P, PRASAD P V V, FRITZ A K, et al. Effects of drought and high temperature stress on synthetic hexaploid wheat[J]. Functional Plant Biology, 2012, 39(3):190-198 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=6a957b3e1bbcd4d7a18520aca77f682a
[24]	SHAH N H, PAULSEN G M. Interaction of drought and high temperature on photosynthesis and grain-filling of wheat[J]. Plant and Soil, 2003, 257(1):219-226 doi: 10.1023-A-1026237816578/
[25]	HOSSAIN A, DA SILVA J A T, LOZOVSKAYA M V, et al. High temperature combined with drought affect rainfed spring wheat and barley in South-Eastern Russia:Ⅰ. Phenology and growth[J]. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2012, 19(4):473-487 doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.07.005
[26]	赵鸿, 王润元, 尚艳, 等.粮食作物对高温干旱胁迫的响应及其阈值研究进展与展望[J].干旱气象, 2016, 34(1):1-12 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghqx201601001 ZHAO H, WANG R Y, SHANG Y, et al. Progress and perspectives in studies on responses and thresholds of major food crops to high temperature and drought stress[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2016, 34(1):1-12 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghqx201601001
[27]	DAVIDSON J L, BIRCH J W. Responses of a standard Australian and a Mexican wheat to temperature and water stress[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1978, 29(6):1091-1106 doi: 10.1071/AR9781091
[28]	卢红芳, 王晨阳, 郭天财, 等.灌浆前期高温和干旱胁迫对小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和氮代谢关键酶活性的影响[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(13):3612-3619 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stxb201413015 LU H F, WANG C Y, GUO T C, et al. Effects of high-temperature and drought stress on protein concentration and key enzyme activities in relation to nitrogen metabolism in wheat grains during the early stage of grain filling[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(13):3612-3619 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stxb201413015
[29]	WANG G P, ZHANG X Y, LI F, et al. Overaccumulation of glycine betaine enhances tolerance to drought and heat stress in wheat leaves in the protection of photosynthesis[J]. Photosynthetica, 2010, 48(1):117-126 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=06906f921cbf4fbde055756d476bc2c6
[30]	STONE P J, NICOLAS M E. Wheat cultivars vary widely in their responses of grain yield and quality to short periods of post-anthesis heat stress[J]. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1994, 21(6):887-900 http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=PP9940887
[31]	苏玮, 孙立影, 康建宏, 等.高温干旱对春小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J].农业科学研究, 2015, 36(1):49-53 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0747.2015.01.011 SU W, SUN L Y, KANG J H, et al. Effect of high temperature and drought treatment on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of different varieties of spring wheat[J]. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 36(1):49-53 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0747.2015.01.011
[32]	VIKENDER K, BEHL R K. Grain yield in wheat as affected by short periods of high temperature, drought and their interaction during pre- and post-anthesis stages[J]. Cereal Research Communications, 2010, 38(4):514-520 doi: 10.1556/CRC.38.2010.4.8
[33]	胡吉帮.小麦灌浆期高温、干旱及其互作对籽粒蛋白质形成、品质性状及产量的影响[D].郑州: 河南农业大学, 2009 HU J B. Effects of high temperature and drought and their interactions during grain filling on protein formation and protein traits in grains and yield of winter wheat[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University, 2009
[34]	杨泽粟, 张强, 郝小翠.自然条件下半干旱雨养春小麦生育后期旗叶光合的气孔和非气孔限制[J].中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(2):174-182 http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/zgstny/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2015206&flag=1 YANG Z S, ZHANG Q, HAO X C. Stomatal or non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis of spring wheat flag leaf at late growth stages under natural conditions in semiarid rainfed regions[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(2):174-182 http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/zgstny/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2015206&flag=1
[35]	张蓓蓓, 张辉, 甘卓亭, 等.干旱高温胁迫对小麦生长及木聚糖含量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2016, 34(1):186-192 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghdqnyyj201601029 ZHANG B B, ZHANG H, GAN Z T, et al. Effects of water deficit and high temperature on growth and arabinoxylan concentrations in two different spring wheat varieties[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2016, 34(1):186-192 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghdqnyyj201601029