张刚1,
王德建1,,,
王灿1,
曹志强1, 2,
汪军3
1.中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008
2.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
3.重庆三峡学院环境与化学工程学院 重庆 404632
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2017YFD0800105
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金重点项目CX(15)1002
详细信息
作者简介:郑继成, 主要研究方向为农田碳氮养分循环及其环境效应。E-mail:jczheng@issas.ac.cn
通讯作者:王德建, 主要研究方向为农田生态系统养分循环及其环境效应。E-mail:djwang@issas.ac.cn
中图分类号:S141.4;S311计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-07-26
录用日期:2018-09-11
刊出日期:2019-03-01
Effects of straw incorporation on crop yield and dissolved organic carbon concentration at rice growing season in rice-wheat rotation cropping system
ZHENG Jicheng1, 2,,ZHANG Gang1,
WANG Dejian1,,,
WANG Can1,
CAO Zhiqiang1, 2,
WANG Jun3
1. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404632, China
Funds: This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China2017YFD0800105
the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceCX(15)1002
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Corresponding author:WANG Dejian, E-mail:djwang@issas.ac.cn
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摘要
摘要:为阐明稻麦轮作体系下秸秆还田对作物产量与稻田可溶性有机碳(DOC)的影响，通过连续2年盆栽试验研究了两种典型土壤(壤土和黏土)在无秸秆还田、半量秸秆还田、全量秸秆还田3种处理下稻麦产量和稻季土壤溶液DOC浓度的动态变化。结果表明，秸秆还田显著增加了两种土壤大多数处理的水稻产量，增幅1.6%~11.9%，其中全量秸秆还田的增产效果大于半量秸秆还田(第1年不显著，第2年显著)。秸秆还田对小麦产量的影响因土壤类型而异，壤土中小麦产量显著增加7.2%~10.6%(第1年)或增产不显著(第2年)，但全量秸秆还田和半量秸秆还田处理之间没有显著差异；黏土中小麦显著减产(5.0%~9.3%)，其中第2年的全量秸秆还田减产效应显著大于半量秸秆还田。秸秆还田及土壤类型显著影响水稻前期(烤田之前)的土壤溶液DOC浓度，全量秸秆还田、半量秸秆还田分别比无秸秆还田处理平均增加141.7%、61.9%，壤土比黏土平均增加89.6%；间歇淹水之后，所有秸秆还田处理及土壤类型的DOC浓度均迅速降低。总体上，秸秆还田对两种土壤的水稻增产都有利，但对黏土小麦增产不利，秸秆还田显著增加了稻田前期的DOC浓度，间歇淹水可以迅速降低稻田DOC浓度。
关键词:秸秆还田/
稻麦轮作/
产量/
可溶性有机碳(DOC)/
土壤类型/
间歇淹水
Abstract:In recent years, straw incorporation as an important way of straw utilization and culture fertility has been applied widely to achieve sustainable development of agriculture. However, straw incorporation also creates some novel problems. One of the most important of these is a large amount of crop straw returned to the field affecting the growth of rice and wheat at seeding stage. Even though lots studies reported that straw incorporation increased crop yield, there were also many reports that had a negative effect on crop yield. Another problem is that straw decomposition in rice field can produce lots of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which has a close relationship with water eutrophication. Many studies reported the effect of straw incorporation on DOC concentration of paddy field at harvest time or on the dynamic of DOC concentration in soil incubation experiment. But little is known about effect of straw incorporation on the dynamic of DOC in rice growing season with different rate of straw returned and soil types. A two-year pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of straw incorporation on the yield of wheat & rice and DOC concentration in soil solution in rice growing season in two types of soil, loamy soil (L) and clay soil (C). According to the level of straw incorporated into soil, each soil type consisted of three treatments:1) 0% straw returned from previous crop to soil (S0); 2) 50% straw returned from previous crop to soil (S1); 3) 100% straw returned from previous crop to soil (S2). Compared with no straw treatment, straw incorporation significant increased rice yield in most of treatments in both soil types (1.6%-11.9%), and the yield increases of S2 treatment were higher than those of S1 treatment (no significant in first year but yes in second year). However, straw incorporation had different effects on wheat yield for two soils:in loamy soil, wheat yield increased in straw incorporation treatments in both years but only significantly in first year (7.2%-10.6%), and there was no significant difference between S1 and S2 treatments; in clay soil, wheat yield decreased significantly in straw incorporation treatments in both years (5.0%-9.3%), and the yield decrease of S2 treatment were higher than that of S1 treatment (no significant in first year but yes in second year). As to the DOC concentration in soil solution in rice growing season, compared with treatment of no straw returned, DOC concentration of S2 and S1 treatments significantly increased by 141.7% and 61.9%, respectively, and DOC of loamy soil was 89.6% higher than that of clay soil on average in the early rice growing stage, but all straw treatments and soils would decrease quickly once intermittent flooding. In conclusion, straw incorporation had a positive effect on rice yield for both loamy and clay soil, but a negative effect on wheat yield for clay soil, and also increased DOC concentration significantly. The intermittent flooding could rapidly reduce the concentration of DOC in paddy soil.
Key words:Straw incorporation/
Rice-wheat rotation/
Yield/
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)/
Soil type/
Intermittent flooding
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图12013年和2014年不同土壤类型上秸秆还田对小麦产量(a)、水稻产量(b)和全年产量(c)的影响
L:壤土; C:黏土; S0:无秸秆还田(对照); S1:半量秸秆还田; S2:全量秸秆还田。相同年份及土壤类型中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure1.Effect of straw incorporation on wheat yield (a), rice yield (b) and annual yield (c) of different soil types in 2013 and 2014
L: loam; C: clay; S0, S1 and S2 represent 0%, 50% and 100% previous crop straw returned to soil, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same year and same soil type mean significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).
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图22013年和2014年不同土壤类型上稻季土壤溶液可溶性有机碳(DOC)浓度动态变化
L:壤土; C:黏土; S0:无秸秆还田(对照); S1:半量秸秆还田; S2:全量秸秆还田。横坐标轴下方颜色表示水分管理状态:黑色表示淹水, 灰色表示烤田, 黑白相间表示间歇淹水。
Figure2.Dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in soil solution during rice growing season in different soil types under different straw incorporation treatments in 2013 and 2014
L: loam; C: clay; S0, S1 and S2 represent 0%, 50% and 100% previous crop straw returned to soil, respectively. Different colors below the X-axis represent different water management practices: the black, gray, black & white represent continuous flooding, soil drying, and intermittent flooding, respectively.
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图32013年和2014年不同土壤类型上秸秆还田对稻季土壤溶液可溶性有机碳(DOC)浓度的影响(a:淹水后第2 d; b:淹水后第12 d; c:淹水后第39 d)
L:壤土; C:黏土; S0:无秸秆还田(对照); S1:半量秸秆还田; S2:全量秸秆还田。相同年份及土壤类型中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure3.Effect of straw incorporation on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in soil solution in rice growing season of different soil types in 2013 and 2014 [a: 2 days after flooding (DAF); b: 12 DAF; c: 39 DAF]
L: loam; C: clay; S0, S1 and S2 represent 0%, 50% and 100% previous crop straw returned to soil, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same year and same soil type mean significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).
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图42013年和2014年不同秸秆还田处理下土壤类型对稻季土壤溶液可溶性有机碳(DOC)浓度的影响[a:稻季第一次采样, 淹水后第2 d; b:稻季最后一次采样, 淹水后第117 d(2013年)、123 d(2014年)]
L:壤土; C:黏土; S0:无秸秆还田(对照); S1:半量秸秆还田; S2:全量秸秆还田。相同年份及秸秆还田处理中不同小写字母表示土壤间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure4.Effect of soil type on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in soil solution during rice growing season under different straw incorporation treatments in 2013 and 2014 (a: the first sampling at 2 days after flooding in rice growing season; b: the last sampling at 117 days in 2013 and 123 days in 2014 in rice growing season)
L: loam; C: clay; S0, S1 and S2 represent 0%, 50% and 100% previous crop straw returned to soil, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same year mean significant differences among treatments in different soil types (P < 0.05).
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