马英杰,
马亮,
新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院 乌鲁木齐 830052
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目51369029
水利工程重点学科基金项目SLXK2018-01
干旱区枣树节水调质技术及智能决策系统研发创新团队XJEDU2017T004
新疆水利科技项目2017G04
详细信息
作者简介:郭丹丹, 主要从事节水灌溉理论研究。E-mail:623046780@qq.com
通讯作者:马亮, 主要从事节水灌溉理论研究。E-mail：42409584@qq.com
中图分类号:S271计量
文章访问数:596
HTML全文浏览量:7
PDF下载量:537
被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-06-04
录用日期:2018-11-29
刊出日期:2019-03-01
Prediction of the evapotranspiration rate of jujube using lysimeters for drip irrigation
GUO Dandan,MA Yingjie,
MA Liang,
School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China51369029
the Key Discipline Fund Project of Water Conservancy EngineeringSLXK2018-01
the Innovation Team of Jujube Water Saving and Quality Control TechnologyXJEDU2017T004
the Xinjiang Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project2017G04
More Information
Corresponding author:MA Liang, E-mail: 42409584@qq.com
摘要
HTML全文
图
参考文献
相关文章
施引文献
资源附件
访问统计
摘要
摘要:为精确测定、准确模拟阿克苏地区滴灌枣树腾发过程，基于大型称重式蒸渗仪测定枣树全生育期逐时及逐日腾发强度（ET），利用水量平衡方程、PM公式及经典统计原理，分析不同时间尺度下叶面积指数（LAI）、气象因素[温度（I）、风速（V）、净辐射（Rn）]、表层土壤含水率（W）与枣树腾发强度的相关关系并建立预测模型。结果表明：枣树日内腾发强度呈单峰型变化趋势，夜间变化幅度较小且腾发贡献率低。枣树全生育期逐日腾发强度变化呈先增大后减小的趋势，花期的腾发强度最大，为4.42 mm·d-1；全生育期腾发总量为640.83 mm，其中花期和果实生长发育期耗水量占比较大，分别为38.61%和32.72%。在小时和日时间尺度上，影响腾发强度的主要因素不完全相同，且影响程度有所差异。综合考虑各影响因素，以萌芽期、花期、果实发育期为基础，分别建立以小时、日尺度下估算腾发强度的经验模型ET1（h）=0.153+0.004T+0.012V+0.176Rn+0.002W+0.067LAI、ET2（d）=-3.325+0.081T+0.163Rn+0.069W+2.089LAI，拟合度R2均在0.7以上，以果实发育期与成熟期数据对模型进行检验，纳什效率系数分别达0.63、0.80。经偏相关检验，冠层净辐射（Rn）对两种尺度的腾发强度均影响最显著，因此以枣树全生育期数据量为基础，仅建立冠层净辐射（Rn）与腾发强度的回归模型ET1（h）=-0.063 3Rn2+0.361 2Rn—0.003 7、ET2（d）=-0.018 3Rn2+0.684 7Rn–1.642 1，R2分别为0.704 7与0.743 6，可满足缺少数据支撑情况下的腾发过程估算。这些模型明确了阿克苏地区滴灌枣树腾发机制及影响程度，可为水分管理精准化提供计算基础。
关键词:腾发强度/
气象因子/
时间尺度/
枣树/
滴灌
Abstract:Measuring field evapotranspiration can provide important information needed for estimating soil moisture and crop water stress and premature drying out, and such information is essential for irrigation formulation. Evapotranspiration can be measured using large lysimeters that have the advantage of confining soil boundaries, flexible measuring intervals, and high precision. Most of studies of evapotranspiration have been done for annual crops such as wheat and maize, and the present study was conducted to measure evapotranspiration of jujubes. Jujube trees of four years were transplanted into lysimeters and evapotranspiration was measured at 30-min intervals for complete growth season. The correlation between evapotranspiration rate and leaf area index, meteorological factors, and surface soil moisture content was analyzed based on water balance and the PM formula. The daily evapotranspiration of jujube was unimodal, taking place mainly in the daytime; the contribution of was small and stable. Evapotranspiration peaked at flowering stage, reaching 4.42 mm·d-1, and then declined gradually. The total evapotranspiration during growth season was 640.83 mm, a large proportion of which occurred during flowering and fruit development stages that accounted for 38.61% and 32.72%, respectively. The observation suggested that there is a need for flowering and fruit stages to be emphasized in irrigation of jujube trees. Hourly and daily evapotranspiration rates of jujube were different in their affecting factors. The wind speed (V) affected hourly evapotranspiration only. The most sensitive factor for evapotranspiration was canopy net radiation (Rn), followed by air temperature (T), wind speed (V), leaf area index (LAI), and surface soil moisture content (W), as summarized in the following empirical equations for hourly and daily evapotranspiration, respectively:ET1(h)=0.153 + 0.004T+ 0.012V+0.176Rn+0.002W+ 0.067LAI, and ET2(d)=-3.325 + 0.081T+0.163Rn + 0.069W+2.089LAI. Because canopy net radiation had the largest and most significant impact (the partial correlation coefficient was 0.562** and 0.468** for the hourly and daily equation, respectively), the regression was simplified as ET1(h)=0.232 6Rn + 0.018, R2=0.719 6, and ET2(d)=0.321 2Rn-0.141 8, R2=0.719 6. These equations were tested to be accurate and could be used to estimate the evapotranspiration rate of jujube for developing drip irrigation in arid areas when input data were complete or partially complete.
Key words:Evapotranspiration rate/
Meteorological factors/
Time scale/
Jujube/
Drip irrigation
HTML全文
图1枣树果实发育期典型天气腾发强度变化
ET1表示小时尺度下蒸渗仪实测腾发强度; ET0表示参考作物腾发强度。
Figure1.Hourly evapotranspiration rate of jujube under different weather conditions at fruit development stage
ET1 is the measured evapotranspiration rate at hour scale by lysimeter; ET0 is the reference crop evapotranspiration rare.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2枣树各生育期逐日腾发强度(ET)动态变化
P:降水量; I:灌水量; ET0:作物参考腾发量。
Figure2.Daily variation of evapotranspiration rate (ET) of jujube at different growth stages
P: precipitation; I: irrigation; ET0: crop reference evapotranspiration.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3枣树小时尺度(a)和日尺度(b)腾发强度(ET)模拟值和实测值的比较
Figure3.Comparison of simulated and measured evapotranspiration rate (ET) of jujube at hourly scale (a) and daily scale (b)
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4小时尺度(a)和日尺度(b)下枣树冠层净辐射(Rn)与腾发强度(ET)的关系
Figure4.Relationship between net radiation (Rn) and jujube evapotranspiration rate (ET) at hourly scale (a) and daily scale (b)
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1枣树各生育阶段腾发及相关因素特征
Table1.Characteristics of evapotranspiration and relative factors at different growth stages of jujube
| 生育阶段 Growing stage | 萌芽期 Germination stage | 花期 Florescence stage | 幼果期 Young fruit stage | 果实发育期 Fruit development stage | 成熟期 Mature stage |
| 日期(月-日) Date (month-day) | 04-23—05-15 | 05-16—07-10 | 07-11—07-27 | 07-28—09-20 | 09-21—10-27 |
| 天数Number of days (d) | 23 | 56 | 17 | 55 | 37 |
| 灌水量Irrigation amount (mm) | 56.7 | 223 | 44.6 | 90 | 0 |
| 降雨量Precipitation (mm) | 15.2 | 27.5 | 13.3 | 37.4 | 5.8 |
| 实际腾发量Evapotranspiration (ET) (mm) | 62.20 | 247.41 | 69.55 | 209.69 | 51.97 |
| 阶段腾发强度 Stage evapotranspiration rate (mm·d-1) | 2.70 | 4.42 | 4.09 | 3.81 | 1.40 |
| 阶段腾发模数Stage water modulus (%) | 9.71 | 38.61 | 10.85 | 32.72 | 8.11 |
| 参考作物腾发量 Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) (mm) | 85.84 | 256.18 | 69.25 | 186.53 | 57.63 |
| 作物系数Crop coefficient | 0.74 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 1.13 | 0.87 |
下载: 导出CSV表2不同时间尺度下腾发强度(ET)与各影响因子的回归关系检验
Table2.Regression test of jujube evapotranspiration rate (ET) and influencing factors under different time scales
| 因变量 Dependent variable | 自变量 Independent variable | 回归系数 Coefficient | 偏相关值 Partial correlation | t | R | α | R2 | 均方误差 Mean square error |
| 小时尺度 ET Hourly ET (ET1) | 温度Temperature (T) | 0.004 | 0.309** | 21.533 | 0.853 | < 0.001 | 0.721 | 0.002 7 |
| 风速Wind speed (V) | 0.012 | 0.137** | 9.182 | |||||
| 冠层净辐射Net radiation (Rn) | 0.176 | 0.562** | 45.031 | |||||
| 土壤含水率Soil water content (W) | 0.002 | 0.114** | 7.621 | |||||
| 叶面积指数Leaf area index (LAI) | 0.067 | 0.125** | 8.332 | |||||
| 日尺度ET Daily ET (ET2) | 温度Temperature (T) | 0.081 | 0.317** | 3.641 | 0.758 | < 0.001 | 0.775 | 0.209 |
| 冠层净辐射Net radiation (Rn) | 0.163 | 0.468** | 5.776 | |||||
| 土壤含水率Soil water content (W) | 0.069 | 0.261* | 2.954 | |||||
| 叶面积指数Leaf area index (LAI) | 2.089 | 0.304** | 3.477 | |||||
| **为极显著相关, *为显著相关。** and * indicate extremely significant (P < 0.01) and significant (P < 0.05) correlations, respectively. | ||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表3枣树不同生育期估算不同时间尺度腾发强度(ET)误差分析
Table3.Error analysis of evapotranspiration rate (ET) estimation at different time scales at different growth stages of jujube
| 时间尺度 Time scale | 生育阶段 Growth stage | 实测值 Measured value (mm·d-1) | 模拟值 Simulation value (mm·d-1) | R | RMSE | NSE |
| 小时尺度 Hourly scale | 果实发育期Fruit development stage | 0.158 | 0.149 | 0.755** | 0.025 | 0.63 |
| 成熟期Mature stage | 0.060 | 0.062 | 0.796** | 0.013 | 0.66 | |
| 全生育期Whole growth season | 0.119 | 0.114 | 0.784** | 0.020 | 0.64 | |
| 日尺度 Daily scale | 果实发育期Fruit development stage | 3.798 | 3.871 | 0.867** | 0.462 | 0.73 |
| 成熟期Mature stage | 1.434 | 1.370 | 0.937** | 0.266 | 0.87 | |
| 全生育期Whole growth season | 2.847 | 2.865 | 0.912** | 0.362 | 0.81 | |
| R为复相关系数; RMSE为均方根误差; NSE为纳什效率系数。**为极显著相关(P < 0.01)。R is complex correlation coefficient; RMSE is the root mean square error; NSE is the Nash efficiency coefficient. ** indicates extremely significant (P < 0.01). | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
| [1] | 赵华, 申双和, 华荣强, 等. Penman-Monteith模型中水稻冠层阻力的模拟[J].中国农业气象, 2015, 36(1):17-23 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2015.01.003 ZHAO H, SHEN S H, HUA R Q, et al. Simulation of canopy resistance for paddy rice based on Penman-Monteith model[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2015, 36(1):17-23 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2015.01.003 |
| [2] | 郑珍, 蔡焕杰, 虞连玉, 等. CERES-Wheat模型中两种蒸发蒸腾量估算方法比较研究[J].农业机械学报, 2016, 47(8):179-191 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nyjxxb201608023 ZHENG Z, CAI H J, YU L Y, et al. Comparison of two crop evapotranspiration calculating approaches in CSM-CERES-Wheat model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 47(8):179-191 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nyjxxb201608023 |
| [3] | JI J M, CAI H J, HE J Q, et al. Performance evaluation of CERES-Wheat model in Guanzhong Plain of Northwest China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2014, 144:1-10 doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2014.04.016 |
| [4] | HE J Q, CAI H J, BAI J P. Irrigation scheduling based on CERES-Wheat model for spring wheat production in the Minqin Oasis in Northwest China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2013, 128:19-31 doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.06.010 |
| [5] | 郑强卿, 陈奇凌, 李铭, 等.南疆枣树种植模式改造对骏枣生长发育的影响[J].西南农业学报, 2015, 28(4):1564-1568 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xnnyxb201504029 ZHENG Q Q, CHEN Q L, LI M, et al. Effect of cultivation mode on growth and development of Jun-jujube from south of Xinjiang[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 28(4):1564-1568 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xnnyxb201504029 |
| [6] | 马建鹏, 董建国, 汪有科, 等.黄土丘陵区枣林地土壤水分时空变化研究[J].中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(7):851-859 http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/zgstny/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2015707&flag=1 MA J P, DONG J G, WANG Y K, et al. Temporal and spatial variations in soil moisture under jujube forests in the loess hilly region[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(7):851-859 http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/zgstny/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2015707&flag=1 |
| [7] | 王则玉, 谢香文, 刘国宏, 等.干旱区绿洲滴灌成龄枣树耗水规律及作物系数[J].新疆农业科学, 2015, 52(4):675-680 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xjnykx201504014 WANG Z Y, XIE X W, LIU G H, et al. Jujube drip irrigation water consumption and its crop coefficient in oasis of arid areas[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 52(4):675-680 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xjnykx201504014 |
| [8] | 曹俊.陕北山地微灌土壤水分入渗特性与枣树耗水规律试验研究[D].西安: 西安理工大学, 2010: 52-70 CAO J. Study on the characteristics of mico-irrigation soil water infiltration and jujube of water-consuming law in northern Shaanxi mountain[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Technology, 2010: 52-70 |
| [9] | 王怡宁, 朱月灵.蒸渗仪国内外应用现状及研究趋势[J].水文, 2018, 38(1):81-85 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0852.2018.01.014 WANG Y N, ZHU Y L. Application status and research trend of domestic and foreign Lysimeter[J]. Journal of China Hydrology, 2018, 38(1):81-85 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0852.2018.01.014 |
| [10] | KNAPPE S, HAFERKORN U, MATTUSCH J, et al. Water and solute balances in recultivated lignite mining dump soils-field data and lysimeter experiments[J]. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2004, 157(1/4):85-105 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=f5f5a6890c28418818a2c20c630f81d2 |
| [11] | 刘晓英, 李玉中, 钟秀丽, 等.基于称重式蒸渗仪实测日值评价16种参考作物蒸散量(ET0)模型[J].中国农业气象, 2017, 38(5):278-291 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.05.002 LIU X Y, LI Y Z, ZHONG X L, et al. Evaluation of 16 models for reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) based on daily values of weighing lysimeter measurements[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(5):278-291 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.05.002 |
| [12] | 张乐昕, 丛振涛.基于FAO-Blaney-Criddle方法的河套灌区参考作物蒸散发量估算[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(16):95-101 doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.16.014 ZHANG L X, CONG Z T. Calculation of reference evapotranspiration based on FAO-Blaney-Criddle method in Hetao irrigation district[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2016, 32(16):95-101 doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.16.014 |
| [13] | 黄仲冬, 齐学斌, 樊向阳, 等.土壤水分有效性及其影响因素定量分析[J].水土保持学报, 2014, 28(5):71-76 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqsystbcxb201405013 HUANG Z D, QI X B, FAN X Y, et al. Quantitative analysis of soil water availability and its influencing factors[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(5):71-76 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqsystbcxb201405013 |
| [14] | 汪秀敏, 申双和, 韩晓梅, 等.大型称重式蒸渗仪测定的冬小麦农田的蒸散规律研究[J].气象与环境科学, 2011, 34(4):14-18 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7148.2011.04.003 WANG X M, SHEN S H, HAN X M, et al. Study on evapotranspiration of the winter wheat measured by large-scale weighting lysimeter[J]. Meteorological and Environmental Sciences, 2011, 34(4):14-18 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7148.2011.04.003 |
| [15] | 杨光超, 朱忠礼, 谭磊, 等.怀来地区蒸渗仪测定玉米田蒸散发分析[J].高原气象, 2015, 34(4):1095-1106 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gyqx201504021 YANG G C, ZHU Z L, TAN L, et al. Analysis on evapotranspiration of maize field measured by lysimetersin in Huailai[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2015, 34(4):1095-1106 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gyqx201504021 |
| [16] | 洪明, 朱航威, 穆哈西, 等.不同滴头流量及灌水定额下红枣树耗水规律[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2014, 32(1):72-77 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghdqnyyj201401012 HONG M, ZHU H W, MU H X, et al. The water consumption rule of jujube trees under different emitter flow rate and irrigation quota[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2014, 32(1):72-77 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghdqnyyj201401012 |
| [17] | ALLAN R G, PEREIRA L S, RAES D, et al. Crop evapotranspiration-guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO irrigation and drainage paper 56[R]. Rome: FAO, 1998: 56 |
| [18] | DING R S, KANG S Z, LI F S, et al. Evaluating eddy covariance method by large-scale weighing lysimeter in a maize field of northwest China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2010, 98(1):87-95 http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20103340942.html |
| [19] | 季辰, 朱忠礼, 徐自为.高精度称量式蒸渗仪数据处理方法研究[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2016, 52(5):628-634 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/bjsfdxxb201605016 JI C, ZHU Z L, XU Z W. Data processing of high precision weighing lysimeter[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University:Natural Science, 2016, 52(5):628-634 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/bjsfdxxb201605016 |
| [20] | ALLEN R G, WALTER I A, ELLIOTT R L, et al. The ASCE standardized reference evapotranspiration equation[R]. Reston: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005 |
| [21] | ITENFISU D, ELLIOTT R L, ALLEN R G, et al. Comparison of reference evapotranspiration calculations as part of the ASCE standardization effort[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 2003, 129(6):440-448 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:6(440) |
| [22] | 孙发政.水土生态的理论与实践[J].中国水土保持, 2017, (12):14-17 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0941.2017.12.004 SUN F Z. The theory and practice of soil and water ecology[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2017, (12):14-17 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0941.2017.12.004 |
| [23] | 卫新东, 刘守阳, 陈滇豫, 等. Shuttleworth-Wallace模型模拟陕北枣林蒸散适用性分析[J].农业机械学报, 2015, 46(3):142-151 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nyjxxb201503020 WEI X D, LIU S Y, CHEN D Y, et al. Applicability of Shuttleworth-Wallace model for evapotranspiration estimation of jujube forests in Loess Hilly-gully region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2015, 46(3):142-151 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nyjxxb201503020 |
| [24] | 白永红, 高志永, 汪有科, 等.修剪强度对枣林地耗水及水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持研究, 2018, 25(4):206-214 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stbcyj201804033 BAI Y H, GAO Z Y, WANG Y K, et al. Effects of pruning intensity on water consumption and water use efficiency of jujube plantation[J]. Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2018, 25(4):206-214 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stbcyj201804033 |
| [25] | 王文明, 郑德明, 姜益娟, 等.滴灌条件下枣树耗水规律的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2014, 32(6):38-42 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghdqnyyj201406006 WANG W M, ZHENG D M, JANG Y J, et al. Research on water consumption rule of jujube tree under drop irrigation[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2014, 32(6):38-42 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ghdqnyyj201406006 |
| [26] | 甘卓亭, 刘文兆.黄土塬区麦田蒸散特征[J].应用生态学报, 2006, 17(8):1435-1438 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.2006.08.015 GAN Z T, LIU W Z. Evapotranspiration of winter wheat field on Loess Plateau tableland[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(8):1435-1438 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.2006.08.015 |
| [27] | 李杰, 吴杨焕, 陈锐, 等.基于大型称重式蒸渗仪研究北疆滴灌麦田蒸散量[J].作物学报, 2016, 42(7):1058-1066 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zuowxb201607013 LI J, WU Y H, CHEN R, et al. Measurement of evapotranspiration for drip-irrigated winter wheat using large weighing lysimeter in northern Xinjiang[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016, 42(7):1058-1066 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zuowxb201607013 |
| [28] | 王晓晨, 朱忠礼, 季辰, 等.几种蒸散计算方法在怀来地区的适用性研究[J].气象, 2016, 42(11):1395-1401 doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2016.11.012 WANG X C, ZHU Z L, JI C, et al. Applicability of evapotranspiration estimation methods in the Huailai region of Hebei Province[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2016, 42(11):1395-1401 doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2016.11.012 |
| [29] | WEI Z, LIU Y, XU D, et al. Evapotranspiration and ratio of soil evaporation to evapotranspiration of winter wheat and maize[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014, 539:832-837 doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.539 |
| [30] | 刘国水, 刘钰, 蔡甲冰, 等.农田不同尺度蒸散量的尺度效应与气象因子的关系[J].水利学报, 2011, 42(3):284-289 http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SLXB201103008.htm LIU G S LIU Y, CAI J B, et al. Study on scale effect of farmland evapotranspiration and relationship with meteorological factors[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2011, 42(3):284-289 http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SLXB201103008.htm |
| [31] | 强小嫚, 蔡焕杰, 王健.波文比仪与蒸渗仪测定作物蒸发蒸腾量对比[J].农业工程学报, 2009, 25(2):12-17 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nygcxb200902003 QIANG X M, CAI H J, WANG J. Comparative study of crop evapotranspiration measured by Bowen ratio and lysimeter[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2009, 25(2):12-17 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nygcxb200902003 |
| [32] | 刘笑吟, 王冠依, 杨士红, 等.不同时间尺度节水灌溉水稻腾发量特征与影响因素分析[J].农业机械学报, 2016, 47(8):91-100 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nyjxxb201608013 LIU X Y, WANG G Y, YANG S H, et al. Influence factors and characteristics of transpiration and evaporation in water-saving irrigation paddy field under different temporal scales[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 47(8):91-100 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nyjxxb201608013 |
