温祥珍,,
杜莉雯,
李亚灵
山西农业大学园艺学院 太谷 030801
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目61233006
山西省煤基重点科技攻关项目FT201402-05
详细信息
作者简介:马宇婧, 主要研究方向为设施园艺。E-mail:563264114@qq.com
通讯作者:温祥珍, 主要从事设施园艺方面的研究。E-mail:330821473@qq.com
中图分类号:S625.1计量
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出版历程
收稿日期:2018-04-09
录用日期:2018-08-13
刊出日期:2018-12-01
Heat conduction law of hydroponic nutrient solution as heat storage medium
MA Yujing,WEN Xiangzhen,,
DU Liwen,
LI Yaling
School of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China61233006
Shanxi Coal-based Key Scientific and Technological ProjectsFT201402-05
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Corresponding author:WEN Xiangzhen, E-mail: 330821473@qq.com
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摘要
摘要:为掌握水培营养液的热传导变化规律，探讨叶菜生产系统营养液作为贮热介质的蓄热保温性能，在山西农业大学设施农业工程研究所叶菜生产系统中使用SH-16路温度巡检仪，测定多孔定植板条件下系统内不同深度（0 cm、5 cm、10 cm、15 cm）营养液的温度变化。试验结果表明：不同深度营养液温度变化显著不同，表层变幅最大，越往深层变幅越小；秋季营养液各深度最高温分别出现在14：00、16：00、17：40、20：00，并随着营养液深度的增加而快速降低。根据各深度日较差的变化幅度，将营养液划分为热交换层（>3℃）、热缓冲层（1~3℃）和热稳定层（0~1℃），分别位于液面表层0~5 cm、5~10 cm和10~15 cm。叶菜生产系统营养液深度为21.5 cm时，不同层次日较差变化符合对数关系：y=-2.619lnx+4.215 2，即液面以下20 cm处日较差为0℃。上述结果表明能量在营养液中是逐层进行传导的。
关键词:营养液/
叶菜生产系统/
贮热介质/
热传导/
能量
Abstract:In order to grasp the characteristics of heat transfer of hydroponic nutrient solution as heat storage medium and the related heat storage and preservation performance, nutrient solutions of leaf vegetable production systems were used for experimentation. The experiment was conducted at the solar greenhouse of Agricultural Engineering Institute of Shanxi Agricultural University. In this study, SH-16 road temperature inspection was used in leaf vegetable production systems and sensor elements placed at several different depths of different positions to monitor solution temperature. The regulation of temperature change of nutrient solutions in the system under porous planting plates were discussed. The experimental results showed that temperature change in nutrient solution at different depths were significantly different. The largest amplitude of temperature variation of nutrition solutions was at surface layer. The deeper the nutrient solution, the smaller was the variation. The highest temperature of nutrient solution in autumn decreased rapidly with increasing nutrient solution depth, and happened at 14:00, 16:00, 17:40 and 20:00 for the solution depths of 0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm respectively. Based on the daily range of temperature at different depths, nutrient solutions were divided into three temperature layers-heat exchange layer (daily range of temperature > 3℃), heat buffer layer (daily range of temperature of 1-3℃) and heat stability layer (daily range of temperature at 0-1℃), which were located in the solution layers of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm, respectively. When the nutrient solution depth of leaf vegetable production system was 21.5 cm, the relationship between daily temperature difference and solution depth (0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm were expressed as 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the function) was described with the logarithmic function y=-2.619lnx + 4.215 2. That indicated that daily temperature difference at 20 cm below solution surface was 0℃. The above results indicated that energy was conducted on a layer-by-layer basis in the nutrient solution of hydroponic system.
Key words:Nutrient solution/
Leaf vegetable production system/
Heat storage medium/
Heat conduction/
Energy
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图1叶菜生产系统剖面图
Figure1.Cutaway of leaf vegetable production system
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2营养液不同深度(a)和不同位置(b)测试位点截面图
Figure2.Cross-sections of test sites in different depths (a) and different positions (b) of nutrient solution
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3不同位点不同深度营养液的温度日变化
图中数据点为2017年11月2—26日共25 d的平均值。Each data point in the figure was the average of 25 days from November 2 to 26, 2017.
Figure3.Daily changes in temperature at different sites and different depths of nutrient solution
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4不同深度营养液的温度日变化
图中每个数据点为3个位点2017年11月2—26日共25 d的平均值。Each data point in the figure was the average of 3 sites from November 2 to 26, 2017 for a total of 25 days.
Figure4.Diurnal change of temperature of nutrient solution at different depths
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5一天中不同深度营养液能量交换比率变化
能量交换比率=|T浅-T深|/(|T0-T5|+|T5-T10|+|T10-T15|)×100%, T为温度, 下标的数据为营养液深度。Energy exchange rate = |Tshallow-Tdepth|/ (|T0-T5| + |T5-T10| +| T10- T15|) × 100%, in which T was temperature, the subscripts were depths of nutrient solution.
Figure5.Change of energy exchange ratios at different depths of nutrient solution in one day
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图6不同测定日期(月-日)不同深度营养液日较差变化趋势
图中每个数据点为2017年11月2—26日每日最高温与最低温的差。The daily difference of temperature in the figure was difference between the highest and lowest temperatures in every day from November 2 to 26, 2017.
Figure6.Diurnal temperature differences at different depths of nutrient solution on different measuring dates (month-day)
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图7不同深度营养液系统热量交换的速度变化
热量损失速率=(T浅-T深)×6 787.8 kJ /5 cm。Heat loss rate = (Tshallow-Tdepth) ×6 787.8 kJ / 5 cm. T is temperature.
Figure7.Changes in the speed of system heat exchange at different depths of nutrient solution
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1各深度营养液平均温度和极端温度情况
Table1.Average temperature and extreme temperature of nutrient solution at various depths
| 液层 Liquid layer (cm) | 平均值 Average (℃) | 最大值 Maximum (℃) | 最小值 Minimum (℃) | 极差 Extreme (℃) | 标准差 Standard deviation (℃) | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) | |
| 平均温 Average temperature | 0 | 14.1 | 17.1 | 10.8 | 6.2 | 2.15 | 15.26 |
| 5 | 13.7 | 16.4 | 10.6 | 5.8 | 2.04 | 14.83 | |
| 10 | 13.4 | 15.9 | 10.3 | 5.6 | 1.97 | 14.75 | |
| 15 | 13.3 | 15.6 | 10.3 | 5.4 | 1.93 | 14.54 | |
| 最高温 Highest temperature | 0 | 17.0 | 20.7 | 13.2 | 7.5 | 2.54 | 14.99 |
| 5 | 15.0 | 18.1 | 11.6 | 6.5 | 2.19 | 14.61 | |
| 10 | 13.9 | 16.6 | 10.8 | 5.7 | 2.03 | 14.54 | |
| 15 | 13.6 | 15.9 | 10.6 | 5.3 | 1.95 | 14.33 | |
| 最低温 Lowest temperature | 0 | 12.6 | 15.0 | 9.5 | 5.6 | 1.96 | 15.58 |
| 5 | 12.8 | 15.3 | 9.8 | 5.5 | 1.92 | 14.96 | |
| 10 | 12.8 | 15.1 | 9.7 | 5.4 | 1.92 | 15.01 | |
| 15 | 12.8 | 15.2 | 9.8 | 5.4 | 1.92 | 15.01 | |
| 日较差 Daily range | 0 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 1.7 | 4.1 | 0.98 | 22.57 |
| 5 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 0.51 | 23.42 | |
| 10 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.22 | 18.69 | |
| 15 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.12 | 14.26 | |
| 表中数据根据2017年11月2—26日每天平均温、最高温、最低温、日较差求出各自的平均值、最大值、最小值、极值以及标准差和变异系数。其中标准差通过STDEV函数计算而得, 变异系数CV=标准差/平均值×100%[21]。The data in the table was based on the daily average temperature, the highest temperature, the lowest temperature, and the daily range from November 2 to 26, 2017. The standard deviation was calculated by the STDEV function. Coefficient of variation = standard deviation / mean value × 100%[21]. | |||||||
下载: 导出CSV表2不同深度营养液昼夜温差的频度
Table2.Frequency of day-night temperature difference at different depths of nutrient solution
| d | ||||||
| 营养液深度 Nutrient depth (cm) | 温度范围Temperature range (℃) | |||||
| 0~1 | 1~2 | 2~3 | 3~4 | 4~5 | 5~6 | |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 11 | 7 |
| 5 | 2 | 6 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 | 5 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 表中数据来自各测点2017年11月2—26日的日较差。The data in the table were in each survey point from November 2 to 26, 2017. | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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