刘小京,
张喜英
中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室石家庄 050022
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题2016YFD0300305
国家重点研发计划课题2018YFD0301004
中国科学院科技服务网络(STS)计划项目KFZD-SW-112
河北省科技专项资金18827412d
详细信息
作者简介:孙宏勇, 主要从事农田水盐运移过程及调控研究。E-mail:hysun@sjziam.ac.cn
中图分类号:S274.4计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-06-29
录用日期:2018-07-05
刊出日期:2018-10-01
Regulations of salt and water of saline-alkali soil: A review
SUN Hongyong,,LIU Xiaojing,
ZHANG Xiying
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFD0300305
the National Key Research and Development Project of China2018YFD0301004
the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of SciencesKFZD-SW-112
the Special Fund of Science and Technology of Hebei Province, China18827412d
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Corresponding author:SUN Hongyong, E-mail: hysun@sjziam.ac.cn
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摘要
摘要:高效安全利用咸水资源是提高环渤海低平原区农业生产可持续发展的重要保障。本文针对该区淡水缺乏、咸水充沛和土壤盐碱贫瘠等因素制约农业生产的问题，回顾了20世纪80年代以来在以中国科学院南皮生态农业试验站为典型代表站点的黄淮海缺水盐渍区开展的以盐碱地治理和农田生产力提升为目标的农田水盐运移过程及调控研究成果。20世纪50-60年代，该区域的工作主要是通过建立排水系统减少区域洪涝灾害发生。20世纪80年代，通过研究提出了控制盐碱的合理浅层地下水水位阈值，形成了以浅层地下水优化治理盐碱地提高农业生产的技术体系；20世纪90年代以来形成了微咸水资源安全灌溉理论及技术体系，冬小麦咸水灌溉阈值从3 g·L-1提升到5 g·L-1，并阐述了微咸水灌溉阈值提升的理论基础；近10年来研究并阐明了农田生态系统水盐运移过程及主要限制因子调控机理，研发了以集蓄雨水、咸水利用、合理引水和节约淡水为核心的农田多水源综合利用技术，集成了农田多水源综合利用模式。根据多年的研究积累，以突破水土资源限制农业生产的问题为导向，实施了国家区域战略性增粮工程渤海粮仓科技示范工程，取得了明显的社会、经济和生态效益。在农田水盐研究方面，未来将以提高综合效益和资源利用效率为核心，开展基于生态平衡的作物产量、质量和资源利用效率的协同提升研究，适应区域水土资源的农业绿色发展研究，微咸水高效安全利用的机理过程、技术研发及示范工作，为该区农业可持续健康发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。
关键词:环渤海低平原区/
水盐运移/
农田生态系统/
农业生产/
咸水灌溉/
水盐调控/
南皮生态农业试验站
Abstract:The safety utilization of saline water resources guarantees sustainable development of agricultural production in the Low Plain near the Bohai Sea. Focusing on water shortage and soil salinity, a series studies were conducted on reclamation of saline soils and regulation of water and salt transportation in the farmlands at Nanpi Eco-Agricultural Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, where is a typical site of saline and water deficit regions in the North China Plain. This paper reviewed the study results of the development process for reclamation of saline soil and regulation of water and salt transfer in the farmland. Before the 1980s, most works in the region focused on reduction of flood risk through building of irrigation and drainage canals. In the 1980s, researches focused on optimal shallow groundwater regulation, saline soil utilization and water-saving technologies in the farmland with the aim of resolving actual agricultural production problems in saline soil areas. The researchers proposed threshold values for shallow groundwater table with no secondary salinization and developed irrigation scheme for winter wheat. In the 1990s, researches on the mechanisms and technologies of saline water irrigation were carried out to improve winter wheat grain yield and reduce fresh water utilization in the region. The threshold salinity for saline water irrigation was improved from 3 g·L-1 to 5 g·L-1. Meanwhile, researchers explained the reasons for the threshold value increase. In recent 10 years, the mechanisms and technological modes of multiple water resources utilization (precipitation collection, safe shallow saline water utilization, reasonable water transfer and water saving) in the farmland was analyzed. The modes included salt tolerant cultivars planting, soil salt transformation technologies, optimal irrigation schedule and organic manure reduction of salt accumulation. According to water quantity and quality, the optimal irrigation schedule was developed based on the available water resources. This included sufficient irrigation before winter, drought resistant irrigation in spring and emergency irrigation after maize sowing. On the basis of previous studies, an integrated technological mode for multiple water resources was developed. Meanwhile, the "Bohai Granary Demonstration Project of Science and Technology" was implemented, which had significant social, economic and ecological benefits. In future, research work will mainly focus on synergetic promotion of crop quality, quantity, resource use efficiency and green agriculture development based on available water and soil resources and the requirements of the local people. These works provided theoretical and technological basis for sustainable development of localized agriculture in the region.
Key words:Low Plain near the Bohai Sea/
Water and salt transportation/
Farmland ecosystem/
Agricultural production/
Salt water irrigation/
Water and salt regulation/
Nanpi Eco-Agricultural Experimental Station
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表1河北低平原主要行政区多年平均不同矿化度微咸水的资源量
Table1.Average quantities of shallow ground brackish water resources with different salt contents in different regions of the Hebei lower plain
| ×108 m3 | |||
| 行政区Region | 2~3 g·L-1 | 3~5 g·L-1 | 总量Total |
| 邯郸Handan | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.47 |
| 邢台Xingtai | 0.86 | 0.66 | 1.52 |
| 衡水Hengshui | 2.01 | 0.75 | 2.76 |
| 沧州Cangzhou | 5.18 | 1.06 | 6.24 |
| 合计Total | 8.39 | 2.60 | 10.99 |
下载: 导出CSV表2不同生育期水分胁迫对冬小麦产量及构成要素影响的敏感因子
Table2.Sensitive factors of winter wheat yield and its' components under water deficit irrigation at different growth stages
| 年份 Year | 产量及要素 Yield and its’ components | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage |
| 2003—2004 | 产量Yield | 0.111 8 | 0.098 7 | 0.060 1 |
| 单位面积穗数Ear number per unit area | 0.010 4 | 0.146 4 | -0.005 9 | |
| 穗粒数Grain per ear | 0.081 6 | -0.031 0 | -0.040 8 | |
| 千粒重1 000-grain weight | -0.035 6 | 0.063 3 | 0.071 8 | |
| 2004—2005 | 产量Yield | 0.124 1 | 0.100 7 | 0.092 1 |
| 单位面积穗数Ear number per unit area | 0.025 6 | 0.170 7 | -0.004 7 | |
| 穗粒数Grain per ear | 0.221 0 | -0.023 1 | -0.025 1 | |
| 千粒重1 000-grain weight | -0.051 8 | -0.023 1 | 0.102 3 |
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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