张付春^1,,
潘明启^1,,,
麦麦提阿卜拉·麦麦提图尔荪²,
张雯¹,
钟海霞¹,
李团结³,
高达辉³,
伍新宇^1,,
1.新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所/农业部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站 乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆和田墨玉县喀瓦克乡中学 墨玉 848100
3.新疆和田墨玉县喀瓦克乡政府 墨玉 848100
基金项目: 现代农业产业技术体系专项资金CARS-29-ZP-8
国家重点研发计划SQ2018YFD020082
新疆科技成果转化专项201554131

详细信息

作者简介:张付春, 研究方向为葡萄栽培生理, E-mail:zfc20@foxmail.com

通讯作者:潘明启, 研究方向为葡萄品质调控, E-mail:panmq3399@sohu.com
伍新宇, 研究方向为葡萄优质栽培与品种选育, E-mail:454691627@qq.com

中图分类号:S631.1

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出版历程

收稿日期:2017-08-24
录用日期:2017-10-27
刊出日期:2018-07-01

Effect of floating dust weather on leaf photosynthesis and water potential of grapes in Karakash River Basin

ZHANG Fuchun^1,,
PAN Mingqi^1,,,
MEMETABLA·Memettursun²,
ZHANG Wen¹,
ZHONG Haixia¹,
LI Tuanjie³,
GAO Dahui³,
WU Xinyu^1,,
1. Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science/Xinjiang Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Pomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Middle School of Kawak Town, Hotan Karakax County, Karakax 848100, China
3. Kawak Township Government of Hotan Karakax County, Karakax 848100, China
Funds: the Special Funds for the Industrial Technology System Construction of Modern Agriculture of ChinaCARS-29-ZP-8
the National Key R&D Project of ChinaSQ2018YFD020082
the Project of the Commercialization of Research Findings of Xinjiang201554131

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Corresponding author:PAN Mingqi, E-mail:panmq3399@sohu.com;WU Xinyu, E-mail:454691627@qq.com

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摘要
摘要:新疆墨玉河流域春、夏季浮尘天气频发，加之春季葡萄供水短缺，对葡萄生产影响较大，为了解浮尘天气对墨玉河流域葡萄光合作用和叶片水势的影响以及不同品种对当地气候的适应性，本文分析了2011-2017年墨玉县浮尘天气发生情况，并以‘和田红’、‘木纳格’、‘无核白’和‘无核白鸡心’等葡萄品种为试验材料，研究春季浮尘天气和尘土自然覆盖对葡萄叶片光合与水势的影响。结果表明：2011-2017年的4-5月，新疆墨玉县扬沙、浮尘多达23.7 d，占同期总天数的38.9%；浮尘天气研究区10：00-20：00期间平均光合有效辐射强度下降71.8%，几个品种葡萄叶片净光合速率明显下降，除‘木纳格’葡萄外，其他品种叶片净光合速率午间均下降；晴朗天气，葡萄叶片水势日变化先上升后下降，浮尘天气叶片水势日变化不明显，总体低于晴朗天气，蒸腾速率变化趋势总体相似，略有滞后；持续的浮尘天气使葡萄叶面被尘土覆盖，‘无核白’和‘无核白鸡心’单位面积叶幕滞尘量分别为8.64 g·m^-2和10.93 g·m^-2；尘土覆盖显著降低了‘无核白’和‘无核白鸡心’葡萄叶片净光合速率，明显增加了叶片胞间CO₂浓度，提高了饱和光强、光补偿点、内禀量子效率、表观量子产额和暗呼吸速率。本研究表明浮尘天气降低了光合有效辐射强度，使葡萄叶片受到尘土覆盖，进一步降低了叶片净光合速率，同时显著增大了暗呼吸速率。本研究认为，清除葡萄叶面滞尘，可有效改善葡萄叶片光合作用。浮尘天气条件下，葡萄叶片蒸腾速率下降，叶片水势得到了保持，从这一角度讲，墨玉河流域浮尘天气延缓了葡萄春季水分亏缺、缓解了该地区用水矛盾。
关键词:墨玉河流域/
葡萄/
浮尘/
光合有效辐射/
光合特性/
叶片水势/
滞尘量
Abstract:Grape provides an important source of income for farmers in Karakash River Basin in Xinjiang. However, floating dust weather conditions are frequent in spring and summer. Thus grape production in the region is greatly influenced by both the floating dust weather and spring water scarcity. In order to determine the effects of floating dust weather conditions on grape photosynthesis and leaf water potential in the Karakash River Basin and on the adaptability of different grapevine varieties to the local climatic conditions, a study was conducted based on the analyses of the occurrence of floating dust weather during 2011-2017 in Karakax County in Karakash River Basin. Using 'Hotan Red', 'Munake', 'Thompson' and 'Centennial Seedless' as experimental materials, the effects of spring floating dust weather and natural cover of dust on photosynthesis and water potential of grape leaves were analyzed. The results showed that the floating dust days in Karakax County during the period from April to May were up to 23.7 days, accounting for 38.9% of the whole period. For floating dust days, average photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the area declined by 71.8% at 10:00-20:00 local time during day time. Also net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of grape leaf decreased significantly for all varieties at afternoon (12:00 local time), except for "Munake". For sunny days, the trend in water potential of grape leaf first increased before decreasing later. Leaf water potential change was non-obviously different during floating dust days and was lower than for sunny days. The change in transpiration rate (T_r) in floating dust days was similar to that in sunny days, but with a slight delay. Grape leaf was covered by dust during continuous dusty weather. The amount of dust retention per unit area of canopy of 'Thompson' and 'Centennial Seedless' were respectively 8.64 g·m^-2 and 10.93 g·m^-2. Dust cover dropped significantly P_n in 'Thompson' and 'Centennial Seedless', but increased intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i). Dust cover also increased saturation intensity, compensation point, intrinsic quantum efficiency, apparent quantum yield and dark respiration rate of leaves of 'Thompson' and 'Centennial Seedless'. Conclusion therefore, dusty weather conditions reduced photosynthetically active radiation intensity, with grape leaves covered in dust, further reducing leaves P_n. At the same time, dust cover significantly increased dark breathing rate. The study suggested that cleaning dust on the surface of grape leaves effectively improved photosynthesis. Under floating dust weather conditions, grape leaf T_r decreased and leaf water potential was maintained. Thus floating dust weather conditions in Karakash River Basin delayed spring water deficit, and alleviated the conflict between supply and use of water in the area.
Key words:Karakash River Basin/
Grape/
Floating dust/
Photosynthetically active radiation/
Photosynthetic characteristics/
Leaf water potential/
Dust retention amount

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图1尘土覆盖条件下光合作用测定示意图
左:尘土覆盖; 右:清除尘土; 圆圈为测定位置。
Figure1.Schematic of photosynthesis determination under dust cover condition
Left: dust cover; right: dust removed. Circles show the positions of measurement.


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图22011-2017年4-5月研究区天气类型构成
Figure2.Composition of weather types from April to May during 2011-2017 in the study area


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图3晴天和浮尘天气条件下3个葡萄品种叶片净光合速率与光合有效辐射强度日变化
A:晴天净光合速率日变化; B:浮尘天净光合速率日变化; C:光合有效辐射强度日变化。
Figure3.Diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) of three grape varieties under sunny and dust day conditions
A: diurnal variations of photosynthetic rate in sunny day; B: diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate in dust day; C: diurnal variations of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR).


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图4浮尘天气和晴朗天气不同葡萄品种的叶片水势与蒸腾速率的比较
Figure4.Comparison of leaf water potential and leaf transpiration rate of different grape varieties under sunny and dust day conditions


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片


图5尘土覆盖下不同葡萄品种叶片光合速率的光响应情况
Figure5.Light response of photosynthetic rate (P_n) of different grape varieties leaves under dust cover


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表1持续浮尘天气下不同葡萄品种叶面滞尘量
Table1.Dust retention amounts of leaves of different grape varieties after continuous floating dust weather

品种 Variety	单叶滞尘量 Dust retention per leaf (mg)	单位面积叶片滞尘量 Dust retention per unit area of leaf (mg?cm-2)	单位面积叶幕滞尘量 Dust retention per unit area of canopy (g?m-2)
无核白 Thompson Seedless	134.4±11.1B	0.627±0.068A	8.64±0.71B
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless	147.2±12.5A	0.578±0.039B	10.93±0.93A
同列数据后不同大写字母表示组间差异极显著(P < 0.01)。Different capital letters in the same column indicate significant differences between treatments at 0.01 level.

下载: 导出CSV
表2尘土覆盖下不同葡萄品种叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶片温度、净光合速率和胞间CO₂浓度
Table2.Transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, net photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO₂ concentration of different varieties grape leaves under dust cover

品种 Variety	尘土情况 Dust situation	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (mmol·m-2·s-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (mmol·mol-1)	叶片温度 Leaf temperature (℃)	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (mmol·m-2·s-1)	胞间CO2浓度 Intercellular CO2 concentration (mmol·mol-1)
无核白 Thompson Seedless	尘土覆盖 Dust cover	0.7±0.2B	63.3±20.7C	22.1±0.4A	7.7±1.0C	225.4±46.3B
	清除尘土 Dust remove	1.1±0.2A	129.5±20.7B	21.5±0.4A	11.5±1.6B	189.5±31.4C
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless	尘土覆盖 Dust cover	1.3±0.1A	196.7±26.4A	22.0±0.3A	11.3±0.5B	272.2±31.1A
	清除尘土 Dust remove	1.4±0.5A	212.1±84.3A	21.1±0.1A	12.2±0.1A	220.1±36.8B
同列数据后同一品种不同大写字母表示组间差异极显著(P < 0.01)。Different capital letters in the same column for each variety indicate significant differences between treatments at 0.01 level.

下载: 导出CSV
表3无尘和尘土覆盖不同葡萄品种叶片光响应参数
Table3.Photoresponse parameters of different grape varieties leaves under conditions of dust cover and dust remove

参数 Parameter	无核白 Thompson Seedless		变幅(%) Variation range	无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless		变幅(%) Variation range
	尘土覆盖Dust cover	清除尘土Dust remove		尘土覆盖Dust cover	清除尘土Dust remove
饱和光强Saturation light (μmol?m-2?s-1)	2 094a	1 954a	7.2	2 223a	2 183a	1.8
光补偿点Light compensation point (μmol?m-2?s-1)	16.4a	15.3a	7.2	46.0a	39.3a	17.0
光较差Range of light intensity of photosynthesis (μmol?m-2?s-1)	2 079a	1 938a	7.3	2 184a	2 137a	2.2
最大净光合速率Maximum net photosynthetic rate (μmol?m-2?s-1)	12.1b	14.1a	-14.2	13.7b	15.9a	-13.8
内禀量子效率Intrinsic quantum efficiency	0.062 9a	0.037 5b	67.7	0.049 9a	0.033 7ab	48.1
表观量子产额Apparent quantum yield	0.035 3b	0.055 9a	58.4	0.030 3ab	0.041 4a	36.6
暗呼吸速率Dark respiration rate (μmol?m-2?s-1)	0.86a	0.58b	48.3	1.63a	1.39ab	17.3
同行数据后同一品种不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same line for each variety indicate significant differences between treatments at 0.05 level.

下载: 导出CSV

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