邱园园1, 2, ?,,
闻学政1,
王岩1,
张迎颖1,
宋伟1,
张志勇1,,
1.江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室 南京 210014
2.南京理工大学环境与生物工程学院 南京 210094
基金项目: 江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目CX(15)1004-06
详细信息
作者简介:刘海琴, 主要从事污染水体治理研究, E-mail:zh84391231@163.com
邱园园, 主要从事污染水体治理研究, E-mail:1252735038@qq.com
通讯作者:张志勇, 主要从事污染水体治理研究。E-mail:jaaszyzhang@126.com
?同等贡献者中图分类号:X173
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出版历程
收稿日期:2017-06-09
录用日期:2017-09-30
刊出日期:2018-04-01
The deep purification of four aquatic macrophytes for tailrace of rural sewage treatment plants
LIU Haiqin1, ?,,QIU Yuanyuan1, 2, ?,,
WEN Xuezheng1,
WANG Yan1,
ZHANG Yingying1,
SONG Wei1,
ZHANG Zhiyong1,,
1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Downstream Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
2. School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Funds: the Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Jiangsu ProvinceCX(15)1004-06
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Corresponding author:ZHANG Zhiyong, E-mail: jaaszyzhang@126.com
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摘要
摘要:通过设置动态模拟试验，持续进水、出水条件下分析比较了漂浮植物凤眼莲和水浮莲、沉水植物轮叶黑藻和挺水植物黄菖蒲对村镇生活污水厂（一级A标准）尾水深度净化效果，筛选出具有去污效果优势的水生植物，为优化水生植物生态修复工程技术在尾水深度净化中的应用提供依据。结果表明：经水生植物深度净化后，尾水水质得到明显改善，漂浮植物凤眼莲和水浮莲对尾水氮、磷的净化效果优于挺水植物黄菖蒲和沉水植物轮叶黑藻。试验周期内，污水厂尾水总氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）平均浓度为12.22 mg·L-1、0.38 mg·L-1和3.88 mg·L-1，凤眼莲、水浮莲、轮叶黑藻、黄菖蒲和对照各系统的总氮平均去除率分别为46.25%、45.74%、43.41%、38.39%和29.22%，总磷去除率分别为36.84%、34.21%、31.58%、28.95%和26.32%，CODMn去除率分别为42.27%、30.93%、32.47%、32.47%和37.89%。凤眼莲、水浮莲、黄菖蒲和轮叶黑藻生物量净增长率分别为550.5%、418.8%、210.6%和80.3%，凤眼莲生物量净增率最大。各处理系统内凤眼莲、水浮莲、黄菖蒲和轮叶黑藻对尾水氮富集量分别为7.36 g、2.33 g、5.12 g和4.46 g，对磷的富集量分别为0.60 g、0.19 g、0.33 g和0.78 g，凤眼莲富集氮能力优于另外3种水生植物，轮叶黑藻磷富集量高于另外3种水生植物。凤眼莲、水浮莲、黄菖蒲和轮叶黑藻植株吸收作用对尾水总氮去除的表观贡献率分别为15.29%、4.90%、11.17%和11.34%，对尾水总磷去除的表观贡献率分别为50.34%、17.17%、35.24%和76.34%。因此，可利用漂浮植物凤眼莲和沉水植物轮叶黑藻立体复合种养的方式深度净化生活污水厂尾水。
关键词:村镇生活污水/
污水处理厂尾水/
水生植物/
深度净化/
生态修复/
氮/
磷
Abstract:To provide theoretical basis for optimized application of restoration engineering of aquatic macrophytes in deep purification of tail water of rural sewage treatment plant, a dynamic simulation experiment with running water was conducted, in which the purifying effects of Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Hydrilla verticillata, and Iris pseudacorus on effluent from sewage treatment works (STW) were compared. Based on the results, plant systems significantly improved water quality of effluent from STW. The purifying effects of E. crassipes and P. stratiotes on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in STW effluent were better than those of I. pseudacorus and H. verticillata. The average concentration of total nitrogen (TN) in STW effluent was 12.22 mg·L-1. The average removal efficiency of TN by E. crassipes, P. stratiotes, I. pseudacorus, H. verticillata and control group were 46.25%, 45.74%, 43.41%, 38.39% and 29.22%, respectively. The average concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in STW effluent was 0.38 mg·L-1. The average removal efficiency of TP by the five experimental treatments were 36.84%, 34.21%, 31.58%, 28.95% and 26.32%, respectively. The average concentration of permanganate index (CODMn) in STW effluent was 3.88 mg·L-1. The average removal rates of CODMn in the five experimental treatments were 42.27%, 30.93%, 32.47%, 32.47% and 37.89%, respectively. The net growth rates of E. crassipes, P. stratiotes, H. verticillata, and I. pseudacorus biomass were 550.5%, 418.8%, 210.6% and 80.3%, respectively. The amount of TN absorbed by E. crassipes, P. stratiotes, H. verticillata, I. pseudacorus were 7.36 g, 2.33 g, 5.12 g and 4.46 g, respectively. The amounts of absorption of TP by the four aquatic plants were 0.60 g, 0.19 g, 0.33 g and 0.78 g, respectively. The ability of E. crassipes to assimilate nitrogen was stronger than the other three aquatic plants. Meanwhile, the ability of H. verticillata to assimilate phosphorus was stronger than the other three aquatic macrophytes. The apparent contribution rates of absorption by E. crassipes, P. stratiotes, H. verticillata, I. pseudacorus to nitrogen removal were 15.29%, 4.90% 11.17% and 11.34%, respectively. Meanwhile, the apparent contribution rates of absorption by the four plants to phosphorus removal were 50.34%, 17.17%, 35.24% and 76.34%, respectively. It was feasible and effective to cultivate the floating plant of E. crassipes and submerged plant of H. verticillata in different water layers and combinations in space for deep purification of STW effluent.
Key words:Rural sewage/
Sewage treatment plant tailrace/
Aquatic plant/
Deep purification/
Ecological restoration/
Nitrogen/
Phosphorus
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图1水生植物深度净化村镇污水处理厂尾水动态模拟试验装置图
Figure1.Sketch of the dynamic simulation device of the deep purification of rural sewage treatment plant tailrace with aquatic plants
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2试验期间村镇污水处理厂尾水和不同处理组出水pH和溶解氧(DO)变化
同一日期不同字母表示不同处理之间在0.05水平差异显著。
Figure2.Changes of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the tailrace of rural sewage treatment plant and effluents of different treatments during the experiment
Bars with different lowercase letters in the same date are significantly different at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3试验期间村镇污水处理厂尾水和不同处理组出水氧化还原电位(OPR)和电导率(EC)变化
同一日期不同字母表示不同处理之间在0.05水平差异显著。
Figure3.Changes of redox potential (ORP) and electrical conductivity (EC) in the tailrace of rural sewage treatment plant and effluents of different treatments during the experiment
Bars with different lowercase letters in the same date are significantly different at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4试验期间村镇污水处理厂尾水和不同处理组出水高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)变化
同一日期不同字母表示不同处理之间在0.05水平差异显著。
Figure4.Changes of permanganate index (CODMn) in the tailrace of rural sewage treatment plant and effluents of different treatments during the experiment
Bars with different lowercase letters in the same date are significantly different at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5试验期间村镇污水处理厂尾水和不同处理组出水总氮(TN)浓度变化
同一日期不同字母表示不同处理之间在0.05水平差异显著。
Figure5.Changes of total nitrogen (TN) concentration in the tailrace of rural sewage treatment plant and effluents of different treatments during the experiment
Bars with different lowercase letters in the same date are significantly different at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图6试验期间村镇污水处理厂尾水和不同处理组出水铵态氮(NH4+-N)浓度变化
同一日期不同字母表示不同处理之间在0.05水平差异显著。
Figure6.Changes of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentration in the tailrace of rural sewage treatment plant and effluents of different treatments during the experiment
Bars with different lowercase letters in the same date are significantly different at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图7试验期间村镇污水处理厂尾水和不同处理组出水总磷(TP)浓度变化
同一日期不同字母表示不同处理之间在0.05水平差异显著。
Figure7.Changes of total phosphorus (TP) concentration in the tailrace of rural sewage treatment plant and effluents of different treatments during the experiment
Bars with different lowercase letters in the same date are significantly different at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1试验用村镇污水处理厂尾水的主要理化指标
Table1.Main physicochemical indexes of the tailrace of rural sewage treatment plant used in the experiment
| 温度 Temperature (℃) | pH | 溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg·L-1) | 氧化还原电位 Oxidation-reduction potential (mV) | 电导率 Electrical conductivity (μS·cm-1) | 高锰酸盐指数 Permanganate index (mg·L-1) | 总氮 Total nitrogen (mg·L-1) | 铵态氮 Ammonia nitrogen (mg·L-1) | 总磷 Total phosphorus (mg·L-1) | |
| 范围Range | 26.7~12.8 | 7.3~8.9 | 5.9~12.5 | 88.3~207.8 | 277.7~478.0 | 2.0~4.6 | 7.52~21.81 | 0.88~4.43 | 0.14~0.80 |
| 均值Mean | 20.0 | 8.1 | 10.2 | 150.8 | 386.8 | 3.88 | 12.22 | 1.35 | 0.38 |
下载: 导出CSV表2试验周期内凤眼莲、水浮莲、黄菖蒲和轮叶黑藻生物量和氮、磷吸收能力
Table2.Absorptive capacities of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and total biomass of Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Hydrilla verticillata, and Iris pseudacorus during the experiment
| 水生植物 Aquatic plant | 生物量 Biomass (kg·m-2) | 干物质含量 Dry matter content (%) | 干物质氮含量 N dry matter content (g·kg-1) | 干物质磷含量 P dry matter content (g·kg-1) | 氮吸收能力 N absorption capacity (g·kg-1) | 磷吸收能力 P absorption capacity (g·kg-1) |
| 凤眼莲 Eichhornia crassipes | 16.43±0.38a | 6.90±0.77b | 19.67±0.21b | 1.50±0.03b | 1.36±0.02bc | 0.10±0.00b |
| 水浮莲 Pistia stratiotes | 13.10±0.64b | 3.77±0.40c | 17.23±0.11b | 1.45±0.01b | 0.65±0.01c | 0.05±0.00b |
| 黄菖蒲 Iris pseudacorus | 7.84±0.45c | 12.24±0.70a | 17.52±0.06b | 1.20±0.04b | 2.14±0.00b | 0.15±0.04b |
| 轮叶黑藻 Hydrilla verticillata | 3.64±0.14d | 11.09±3.46a | 36.20±0.38a | 5.51±0.11a | 4.02±0.13a | 0.61±0.04a |
| ??同列不同小写字母表示显著性差异(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences at P < 0.05 level. | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表3试验期间各处理系统植物吸收作用对尾水氮、磷削减表观贡献率
Table3.Apparent contributions of plant absorption to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removals in the effluents from rural sewage treatment plants after different aquatic plants treatments during the experiment
| 水生植物 Aquatic plant | 氮Nitrogen | 磷Phosphorus | |||||
| 总削减量 Total reduction (g) | 植株吸收量 Plant uptake (g) | 表观贡献率 Apparent contribution rate (%) | 总削减量 Total reduction (g) | 植株吸收量 Plant uptake (g) | 表观贡献率 Apparent contribution rate (%) | ||
| 凤眼莲Eichhornia crassipes | 48.12±14.40a | 7.36±0.00a | 15.29±0.00a | 1.19±0.11a | 0.60±0.00a | 50.34±0.00ab | |
| 水浮莲Pistia stratiotes | 47.59±14.13a | 2.33±0.00c | 4.90±0.00c | 1.11±0.05a | 0.19±0.00c | 17.17±0.00c | |
| 黄菖蒲Iris pseudacorus | 39.94±13.81ab | 5.12±0.01b | 11.17±0.00b | 0.94±0.04b | 0.33±0.00b | 35.24±0.00b | |
| 轮叶黑藻Hydrilla verticillata | 45.17±13.79a | 4.46±0.00b | 11.34±0.00b | 1.02±0.03a | 0.78±0.00a | 76.34±0.00a | |
| 空白对照No-growing | 30.40±10.97b | — | — | 0.85±0.06b | — | — | |
| ??同列不同小写字母表示显著性差异(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences at P < 0.05 level. | |||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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