伍盘龙^1,,
宋潇¹,
夏博辉¹,
徐环李²,
刘云慧^{1, 3,,}
1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193
2.中国农业大学植物保护学院 北京 100193
3.中国农业大学生物多样性与有机农业北京市重点实验室 北京 100193
基金项目: 北京市自然科学基金项目5162017
国家自然科学基金项目31470514

详细信息

作者简介:伍盘龙, 主要研究方向为农业景观生物多样性保护。E-mail: wupanlong5@163.com

通讯作者:刘云慧, 主要研究方向为农业景观生物多样性保护。E-mail: liuyh@cau.edu.cn

中图分类号:Q968.1

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出版历程

收稿日期:2017-09-10
录用日期:2017-11-27
刊出日期:2018-03-01

Temporal-spatial dynamics of wild bee diversity in agricultural landscapes in Changping District, Beijing

WU Panlong^1,,
SONG Xiao¹,
XIA Bohui¹,
XU Huanli²,
LIU Yunhui^{1, 3,,}
1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2. College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Funds: the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing5162017
the National Natural Science Foundation of China31470514

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Corresponding author:LIU Yunhui, E-mail: liuyh@cau.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:近年来，由于生境质量的下降和生境丧失，野生蜂多样性急剧下降，严重威胁传粉服务和农业的可持续发展。为揭示野生蜂在农业景观镶嵌体中的时空分布格局及不同生境对野生蜂保护的重要性，本研究于2016年4-9月采用网捕法调查了北京昌平农业景观4种主要生境类型（人工林、自然灌木林、荒草地和桃园）中的野生蜂，分析不同生境类型中野生蜂多样性及其时间动态变化特征。结果表明：野生蜂及其中的大体长蜂和独居蜂的物种数和个体数，以及中体长蜂的个体数均在自然灌木林中最高，人工林中小体长蜂个体数最多，野生蜂总个体数和总物种数均在桃园中最低。在不同月份，所有功能群野生蜂均在自然或半自然生境中最高，5月桃园中最低，原因可能与桃园中对地表杂草的集约化管理有关。多度最大的4个优势物种依次为黄胸彩带蜂、铜色隧蜂、黄芦蜂和隧淡脉隧蜂，其在生境间的时间动态特征不同。调查的4种生境均为野生蜂提供了可利用资源，但自然生境和半自然生境的作用更大；其中，自然灌木林维持了较多具有较高潜在传粉效率的中体长和大体长野生蜂，具有更高的保护价值。为了促进该地区农业景观中不同功能群野生蜂多样性及传粉服务，需提高生境类型的多样性，同时在野生蜂活动高峰季节采取低集约化的生境管理方式。
关键词:野生蜂/
功能群/
生境/
觅食资源/
筑巢资源/
局部管理/
体长
Abstract:Pollination is one of the most important ecosystem services provided mainly by bees for crops and wild plants. The universality, adaptability and diversity of wild bees are driven more as reliable pollinators than honey makers. However, the diversity of wild bees had significantly reduced in recent years due to the loss of habitat and the erosion of habitat quality, which potentially threaten pollination service and agricultural sustainability supported by bees. The functional group diversity of wild bees is also the important component of diversity, which is a better predictor of pollination than species diversity. Wild bee species with different functional traits need different resources and respond to environmental changes differently. However, there is little knowledge on the response of different functional groups of wild bees to habitat types. To determine the spatio-temporal dynamics of wild bees in different habitats and the importance of different habitats for wild bee conservation in agricultural landscape mosaics, netting-catching was used to collect wild bees in four habitats (planted woodland, natural shrub forest, wasteland and peach orchard) during the period from April to September 2016. The temporal dynamics of diversity of wild bees and their functional groups in different habitats were analyzed. The results showed that natural shrub forest had the highest individual numbers and species richness of wild bees, large bees, solitary bees; and highest individual number of medium-sized bees. While planted woodland had more individuals of small bees, peach orchard had the lowest individuals number and species richness of wild bees. Natural shrub forest, planted woodland and peach orchard all had similar temporal dynamics of wild bee diversity, with one peak in spring and the other in summer. Overall, all functional groups of wild bees had the highest diversity in natural or semi-natural habitats across the sampling seasons. Peach orchard had the lowest wild bee diversity in May, which was attributed to intensive management of groundcover in peach orchards. Similarly, there were more unique species solely in natural shrub forest because of high resource availability and low human disturbance. Other habitat types also had some unique species which contributed to the overall bee diversity in the region. The four most abundant species were respectively Nomia thoracica, Halictus aerarius, Ceratina flavipes and Lasioglossum halictoides, which had different temporal dynamics in the habitat types. The species N. thoracica and C. flavipes were distributed in all the habitat types, except for wasteland. While N. thoracica was active in June through August, C. flavipes was active throughout all the sampling seasons. H. aerarius and L. halictoides existed in all habitat types, with the former active from May through September and the latter from April through July. Therefore, the four habitat types all had essential resources for wild bees, but the natural and semi-natural habitats were more important. In particular, natural shrub forest sustained more bees and had greater pollination efficiency. It was concluded that habitat diversity (especially natural and semi-natural habitat diversity) and less intensive management during active seasons of wild bees were critical for improving wild bee diversity and pollination services.
Key words:Wild bee/
Functional group/
Habitat/
Floral resource/
Nesting resource/
Local management/
Body length

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图1研究区生境类型及样地分布图
Figure1.Distribution of habitats and sampling sites in the study area


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图2不同生境中野生蜂物种数和个体数的比较
不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)。
Figure2.Species richness and individual numbers of wild bees in different habitats
Different lowercase letters mean significant differences at 0.05 level.


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图3不同生境中各野生蜂功能群物种数和个体数的比较
Figure3.Species richness and individual numbers of different wild bee functional groups in different habitats


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图4不同生境中野生蜂及其不同功能群物种数和个体数的时间动态
Figure4.Temporal dynamics of species richness and individual numbers of wild bees and their functional groups in different habitats


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图5多度最大的4个野生蜂物种在不同生境中的时间动态
Figure5.Temporal dynamics of four wild bee species with the highest abundance in different habitats


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表1不同生境中野生蜂组成及分布
Table1.Composition and distribution of wild bees in different habitats

物种 Species	人工林 Planted woodland	自然灌木林 Natural shrub forest	荒草地 Wasteland	桃园 Peach orchard	个体数 Number of individuals	比例 Proportion of individuals (%)
绿条无垫蜂?Amegilla zonata	0	1	2	1	4	1.06
Andrena okinawana※	0	0	1	0	1	0.26
Andrena taraxaci orienticola※	0	0	5	0	5	1.32
Andrena hebes※	0	0	1	0	1	0.26
Andrena luridiloma	1	0	0	2	3	0.79
Andrena dentata*	0	1	0	0	1	0.26
鳞地蜂?Andrena chengtehensis	0	5	0	3	8	2.12
小地蜂?Andrena minutula	2	1	0	1	4	1.06
Andrena magnipunctata	3	0	1	2	6	1.59
北方小黄斑蜂?Anthidiellum borealis*	0	1	0	0	1	0.26
七齿黄斑蜂?Anthidium septemspinosum§	0	0	0	1	1	0.26
黑颚条蜂?Anthophora melanognatha§	0	0	0	3	3	0.79
Anthophora sp.	0	1	6	0	7	1.85
缘条蜂?Anthophora borealis※	0	0	1	0	1	0.26
红光熊蜂?Bombus ignitus	0	1	0	1	2	0.53
富丽熊蜂?Bombus opulentus	1	2	0	0	3	0.79
齿突芦蜂?Ceratina iwatai	4	2	0	1	7	1.85
黄芦蜂?Ceratina flavipes	4	27	0	3	34	8.99
Colletes chengtehensis※	0	0	1	0	1	0.26
Colletes collaris	0	3	0	1	4	1.06
Colletes patellattus§	0	0	0	1	1	0.26
日本毛足蜂?Dasypoda japonica※	0	0	3	0	3	0.79
Eucera rufipes※	0	0	1	0	1	0.26
Eucera sp.※	0	0	1	0	1	0.26
Eucera jacoti*	0	1	0	0	1	0.26
北京黄腹长须蜂?Eucera pekingensis	2	1	0	0	3	0.79
青岛隧蜂?Halictus tsingtauensis	1	0	3	0	4	1.06
铜色隧蜂?Halictus aerarius	34	2	17	3	56	14.81
半被毛隧蜂?Halictus semitectus*	0	3	0	0	3	0.79
拟绒毛隧蜂?Halictus pseudovestitus	0	1	5	3	9	2.38
Halictus sp.	0	2	4	0	6	1.59
黑孔蜂?Heriades sauteri	1	2	0	2	5	1.32
Hylaeus paulus*	0	1	0	0	1	0.26
Hylaeus perforatus	0	2	2	3	7	1.85
隧淡脉隧蜂?Lasioglossum halictoides	9	5	6	1	21	5.56
无锯淡脉隧蜂?Lasioglossum apristum※	0	0	2	0	2	0.53
Lasioglossum kiautshouense	2	1	2	0	5	1.32
Lasioglossum sp. ※	0	0	3	0	3	0.79
Lasioglossum sp2.#	1	0	0	0	1	0.26
Lasioglossum sp3.	1	0	1	0	2	0.53
西部淡脉隧蜂?Lasioglossum occidens	1	2	0	4	7	1.85
Lasioglossum primavera	6	0	1	0	7	1.85
窄毛淡脉隧蜂?Lasioglossum proximatum	4	0	3	0	7	1.85
Lasioglossum sp. *	0	1	0	0	1	0.26
Lasioglossum sp2.#	1	0	0	0	1	0.26
尖肩淡脉隧蜂?Lasioglossum subopacum	2	4	1	5	12	3.17
Lasioglossum politum pekingense	1	0	1	0	2	0.53
Lipotriches elongata※	0	0	1	0	1	0.26
Lipotriches fruhstorferi*	0	1	0	0	1	0.26
白戎切叶蜂?Megachile albidula	1	3	3	0	7	1.85
净切叶蜂?Megachile abluta*	0	1	0	0	1	0.26
苜蓿切叶蜂?Megachile rotundata*	0	1	0	0	1	0.26
蔷薇切叶蜂?Megachile nipponica	0	1	5	1	7	1.85
蓝彩带蜂?Nomia chalybeata	0	2	1	0	3	0.79
齿彩带蜂?Nomia punctulata*	0	3	0	0	3	0.79
黄胸彩带蜂?Nomia thoracica	2	56	0	2	60	15.87
蒙古壁蜂?Osmia mengolica	1	2	0	0	3	0.79
怪唇壁蜂?Osmia satoi§	0	0	0	1	1	0.26
北方毛带蜂?Pseudapis mandschurica	3	9	0	0	12	3.17
中国四条蜂?Tetralonia chinensis*	0	1	0	0	1	0.26
黄胸木蜂?Xylocopa appendiculata	0	6	1	1	8	2.12
物种数?Species richness	24	37	30	23
个体数?Individuals	88	159	85	46
※:只在荒草地中出现的物种; *:只在自然灌木林中出现的物种; §:只在桃园中出现的物种; #:只在人工林中出现的物种。※: species caught solely in the wasteland; *: species caught solely in the natural shrub forest; §: species caught solely in the peach orchard; #: species caught solely in the planted woodland.

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