Effects of Main Food Yield Under Straw Return in China: A Meta-Analysis
YANG JunHao,, LUO YongLi, CHEN Jin, JIN Min, WANG ZhenLin, LI Yong,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong
Abstract 【Objective】In order to provide scientific grounds for the implementation of grain crop straw return, this study quantified the yield effect of straw return.【Method】It was collected and sorted out the published Chinese literatures in the past 30 years (a total of 274 piece of literature and 1 930 pairs data until December 31, 2019). By using meta-analysis method, the comprehensive effect of straw returning on crop yield was clarified with the main analysis process, included calculation of effect value, heterogeneity test, meta-subgroup analysis and publication bias test. And then, the effects under different experiment region, average annual temperature, average annual precipitation, soil texture, soil pH, crop type, planting system, tillage method, fertilization method, experiment duration and return amount was further quantitatively analyzed.【Result】Compared with straw remove, straw return significantly increased crop yield, and the average increasing rate was about 8.06%, with a 95% confidence interval of 7.52%-8.60%. No publication bias was found in the result. The yield effect was the highest in the southeastern region, reaching 9.37% (95% CI: 8.11%-10.64%). The straw-return effect was higher when the average annual temperature was 5-10 °C and the average annual precipitation is more than 1 200 mm. In different soil texture, the yield effect of straw return was 8.13% in clay (95% CI: 6.80%-9.49%), 9.04% in loam (95% CI: 8.06%-10.01%) and 6.96% in sandy soils (95% CI: 5.18%-8.77%), respectively. Among the three types of grain crops, namely, wheat, corn, and rice, the increase rate of yield on maize reached 9.22% (95% CI: 8.38%-10.05%) by straw returning. Plowing and no-till was the best tillage methods exerting the yield effect of straw returning, the increasing rate of yield were 11.05% (95% CI: 10.05%-12.05%) and 8.98% (95% CI: 7.21%-10.79%), respectively. When the straw was returned to the field without fertilization, the crop yield was significantly increased with an increase rate of 25.66% (95% CI: 22.04%-29.38%), which was significantly higher than that of 8.08% (95% CI: 7.50%-8.68%) under normal fertilization, but the overall yield level was lower. The yield increase rate of straw mulching reached 9.56% and the yield increase effect of straw mulching over 20 years was significantly increased (yield increase rate: 15.42%, 95% CI: 11.05%-19.95%). In addition, the most suitable amount of straw was half of the ex-crop (increase rate of yield was 9.09%, 95% CI: 7.41%-10.79%).【Conclusion】Straw return could significantly increase crop yield in different agricultural production areas. Furthermore, the long-term implication of crop straw with no-till or plowing tillage, normal fertilization and appropriate amount, could maintain continuous increase in crop yield. Keywords：straw return;China;crop;yield effect;meta-analysis
PDF (769KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 杨竣皓, 骆永丽, 陈金, 金敏, 王振林, 李勇. 秸秆还田对我国主要粮食作物产量效应的整合（Meta）分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(21): 4415-4429 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.21.010 YANG JunHao, LUO YongLi, CHEN Jin, JIN Min, WANG ZhenLin, LI Yong. Effects of Main Food Yield Under Straw Return in China: A Meta-Analysis[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(21): 4415-4429 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.21.010
以“秸秆还田、产量”为关键词,在China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）等主要中文文献数据库中检索2019年12月31日之前发表的田间对照试验论文（不包括室内试验、评价类、综述类、模型模拟类等文章及相关专业的硕博士学位毕业论文）。按以下标准对检索到的文献进行筛选[16]以获得满足meta-analysis要求的数据：（1）试验结果发表在最新版北大中文核心期刊中收录的综合类期刊,主要包括第四编自然科学中的生物科学综合类及植物学类、第六编农业科学中的综合性农业科学类、农业基础科学类、农业工程类及农学农作物类和第七编工业技术中的环境科学类;（2）田间对照试验地位于中国大陆地区;（3）试验以我国主要农作物为研究对象,田间试验为包括秸秆还田和秸秆不还田处理的对照试验;（4）文献中有明确的试验重复数、各试验处理的产量均值;（5）相同的试验设计获得的试验数据发表在不同期刊时,选择相关信息描述最为详细的一篇文献;（6）补充原文参考文献中引用但未被检索到的遗漏文献。经筛选,共获得274篇相关文献。
F0、N0、K0、N-、N+、F分别为不施肥、不施氮肥、不施钾肥、低氮施肥、高氮施肥和正常施肥;0—50%、50%—100%、100%、>100%分别为以低于前茬作物秸秆产量的50%进行还田、以超过前茬作物秸秆产量的50%进行还田、以前茬作物全部秸秆产量进行还田和以超过前茬作物全部秸秆产量进行还田。下同 F0, N0, K0, N-, N+ and F represent different pattern of fertilization: no fertilization, no nitrogen, no potassium, low nitrogen, high nitrogen and normal fertilization. 0-50%, 50%-100%, 100% and >100% mean different amount of straw returned with less than 50% of the ex-crop straw, more than 50% of the ex-crop straw, all of the ex-crop straw and more than all of the ex-crop straw, respectively. The same as below
Table 2 表2 表2秸秆还田对农作物产量的平均效应值 Table 2Average effect size of crop yield under straw return
模型 Model
增产率 Rate (%)
置信区间CI (%)
Z-val
n
Q-val
PQ-val
I2 (%)
PB-val
下限LL
上限UL
随机效应模型 REM
8.06
7.52
8.60
30.193
1930
67433
0.000
97.55
0.0605
REM、CI、LL、UL分别表示随机效应模型、置信区间、下限及上限。Z为效应值检验的统计量;n为效应值数量;Q为异质性检验的统计量;PQ为异质性检验的显著程度;I2为研究间方差占总方差的比例;PB为发表偏倚性检验的显著程度 REM, CI, LL, UL represent random effects model, confidence interval, lower limit and upper limit, respectively. Z is the statistic value of effect size; n is the number of effect size; Q is the statistic value of heterogeneity; PQ is the significant value of heterogeneity; I2 is the percentage of variance between studys; PB is the significant value of publication bias
Table 3 表3 表3Meta亚组分析结果 Table 3Results of sub-group meta-analysis
解释变量 explaning variance
I2 (%)
Qm
PQ-val
R2 (%)
试验区域 Region
97.59
7.1078
0.1303
0.23
年均气温 Average annual temperatur
97.60
2.9258
0.4028
0.03
年均降水量 Average annual precipitation
97.58
10.4892
0.0148
0.51
土壤质地 Soil character
97.60
6.0149
0.1109
0.12
土壤酸碱性 Soil pH
97.54
34.9845
<0.0001
1.96
作物种类 Crop type
97.22
246.6566
<0.0001
13.75
种植模式 Plant system
97.60
6.5813
0.0103
0.39
耕作方式 Tillage method
97.51
59.3379
<0.0001
3.04
肥料运筹 Fertilization
97.44
120.1434
<0.0001
6.52
还田年限 Return duration
97.56
25.4725
<0.0001
1.28
秸秆还田量 Straw amount
97.60
1.9179
0.5896
0.00
I2为研究间方差在总方差中的比例;Qm为解释变量异质性检验的统计量;PQ-val为解释变量异质性检验的显著程度;R2为解释变量能够解释的异质性 I2 means the percentage of variance between studys; Qm means the statistic value of heterogeneity for explaining variance; PQ-val means the significant value of heterogeneity for explaining variance; R2 means the heterogeneity for explaining variance
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DONGW Y, LIUE K, WANGJ B, YANC G, LIJ, ZHANGY Q. Impact of tillage management on the short- and long-term soil carbon dioxide emissions in the dryland of Loess Plateau in China Geoderma, 2017,307:38-45. [本文引用: 1]
ABDULLAHA S. Minimum tillage and residue management increase soil water content, soil organic matter and canola seed yield and seed oil content in the semiarid areas of Northern Iraq Soil & Tillage Research, 2014,144(1):150-155. [本文引用: 1]
PITTELKOWC M, LIANGX, LINQUISTB A, JANVAN GROENIGEN K, LEEJ, LUNDYM E, VANGESTEL N, SIXJ, VENTEREAR T, VANKESSEL C. Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture Nature, 2014,517(7534):365-368. DOI:10.1038/nature13809URLPMID:25337882 [本文引用: 1] One of the primary challenges of our time is to feed a growing and more demanding world population with reduced external inputs and minimal environmental impacts, all under more variable and extreme climate conditions in the future. Conservation agriculture represents a set of three crop management principles that has received strong international support to help address this challenge, with recent conservation agriculture efforts focusing on smallholder farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. However, conservation agriculture is highly debated, with respect to both its effects on crop yields and its applicability in different farming contexts. Here we conduct a global meta-analysis using 5,463 paired yield observations from 610 studies to compare no-till, the original and central concept of conservation agriculture, with conventional tillage practices across 48 crops and 63 countries. Overall, our results show that no-till reduces yields, yet this response is variable and under certain conditions no-till can produce equivalent or greater yields than conventional tillage. Importantly, when no-till is combined with the other two conservation agriculture principles of residue retention and crop rotation, its negative impacts are minimized. Moreover, no-till in combination with the other two principles significantly increases rainfed crop productivity in dry climates, suggesting that it may become an important climate-change adaptation strategy for ever-drier regions of the world. However, any expansion of conservation agriculture should be done with caution in these areas, as implementation of the other two principles is often challenging in resource-poor and vulnerable smallholder farming systems, thereby increasing the likelihood of yield losses rather than gains. Although farming systems are multifunctional, and environmental and socio-economic factors need to be considered, our analysis indicates that the potential contribution of no-till to the sustainable intensification of agriculture is more limited than often assumed.
POWLSOND S, STIRLINGC M, JATM L, GERAADB G, PALMC A, SANCHEZP A, CASSMANK G. Limited potential of no-till agriculture for climate change mitigation Nature Climate Change, 2014,4(8):678-683. [本文引用: 1]
WANGQ, WANGJ, ZHANGX L, ZHAOY L, LIC H. Change characteristics of wheat and maize anniversary production and soil nutrient content under different roration tillage patterns Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2015,49(4):429-437. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 2]
WUP P, LIL J, GENGY A, YAOW Q. Effects of tillage and fertilization on physicochemical properties of albic soil and rice yields in Jianghuai region Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018,32(6):243-248. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
CAIH G, LIANGY, LIUH T, LIUJ Z, QINY B, LIUF M, YUANJ C, ZHANGH X, RENJ, WANGL C. Research on full maize straw returning with deep ploughing mode in the northeast China Journal of Maize Sciences, 2019,27(5):123-129. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
胡振琪, CHONGS K. 深耕对复垦土壤物理特性改良的研究 土壤通报, 1999(6):248-250, 264. [本文引用: 1]
HUZ Q, CHONGS K. Study on the improvement of physical properties of reclaimed soil by deep tillage Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 1999(6):248-250, 264. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
MAS Y, YUZ W, SHIY, GAOZ Q, LUOL P, CHUP F, GUOZ J. Soil water use, grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in a long-term study of tillage practices and supplemental irrigation on the North China Plain Agricultural Water Management, 2015,150:9-17. [本文引用: 1]
XIEJ H, WANGL L, LIL L, COULTERJ A, CHAIQ, ZHANGR Z, LUOZ Z, CARBERRYP, RAOK P C. Subsoiling increases grain yield, water use efficiency, and economic return of maize under a fully mulched ridge-furrow system in a semiarid environment in China Soil & Tillage Research, 2020,199. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2020.104584. DOI:10.1016/j.still.2020.104595URLPMID:32362695 [本文引用: 1] Climate smart agriculture (CSA) practices are emerging as sustainable alternative to conventional rice-wheat system to pull up natural resources degradation across south Asia. After five years of continuous CSA based experiment, a two years study was conducted to evaluate changes in microbial biomasses (microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen), enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and beta-glucosidase), nutrient release and uptake (N, P and K) at different wheat crop growth stages. Effect of CSA practices was also studied for carbon mineralization in an incubation experiment. Four scenarios (Sc) were included in this study- conventional tillage (CT) based rice-wheat system (Sc1), partial CSA based rice-wheat-mungbean system (Sc2), full CSA based rice-wheat-mungbean system (Sc3), and full CSA based maize-wheat-mungbean system (Sc4). Soil samples were collected from scenarios at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth at different growth stages of wheat crop namely sowing, crown root initiation (CRI), active tillering, panicle initiation, and harvesting. Analysis of soil was done for chemical properties viz. pH, electrical conductivity, available N, P, K, NPK uptake and mineralizable carbon and biological properties viz., microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and beta-glucosidase. Significantly higher microbial biomass carbon (42 %) and nitrogen (79 %) were found in surface soil (0-15 cm depth) under CSA based scenarios (Sc2, Sc3 and Sc4) at harvest stage of wheat over CT based/ conventional scenario (Sc1). At surface soil, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and beta-glucosidase activity was 58, 14 and 13 % higher in CSA based scenarios, respectively than CT based scenario. CSA based scenarios showed significantly higher C mineralization after 3 days of the incubation experiment at harvest. An increase of respectively 15, 48 and 17 % of N, P and K uptake was observed with CSA based scenarios than CT based scenario. At harvest stage, 7 % higher amount of dry matter was reported with full CSA based scenarios (mean of Sc2 to Sc4) compared to Sc1. Higher wheat grain yield of approximately 10 % was recorded with CSA based scenarios over CT based scenario. Therefore, CSA based scenarios with improved biological properties and nutrient availability and uptake at different wheat growth stages resulted in higher yields and hence need to be popularized among the farmers.
ZHANGJ, HANX N, LAMINES M, JIANGY, AFREHD, QIANH Y, FENGX M, ZHENGC Y, DENGZ W, ZHANGW J. Interactive effects of straw incorporation and tillage on crop yield and greenhouse gas emissions in double rice cropping system Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2017,250:37-43. [本文引用: 1]
PANGD W, CHENJ, TANGY H, YINY P, YANGD Q, CUIZ Y, ZHENGM J, LIY, WANGZ L. Effect of returning methods of maize straw and nitrogen treatments on soil physicochemical property and yield of winter wheat Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016,42(11):1689-1699. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
YINH J, ZHAOW Q, LIT, CHENGX Y, LIUQ. Balancing straw returning and chemical fertilizers in China: Role of straw nutrient resources Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018,81(2):2695-2702. [本文引用: 1]
AKHTARK, WANGW Y, RENG X, KHANA, FENGY Z, YANGG H, WANGH Y. Integrated use of straw mulch with nitrogen fertilizer improves soil functionality and soybean production Environment International, 2019,132. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019. 105092. DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105068URLPMID:31470219 [本文引用: 1] BACKGROUND: Chemical UV filters are common components in sunscreens and cosmetic products and used to protect the skin against harmful effects of sunlight like sunburn. However, the effectiveness of sunscreens in the prevention of skin cancer is in some parts still controversial. Meanwhile, questions about negative effects of the chemical UV filters on human health arise and request an effective risk assessment. Real-life exposure data in humans after application of these products are still rare. Thus, we explored whether and to what extent UV filters are absorbed through the skin into the human body. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Plasma and urine samples from 20 healthy volunteers were collected before, during and after a real-life exposure scenario (1st application: 2mg/cm(2); 2nd and 3rd (after 2 and 4h): 1mg/cm(2) each) using a commercial sunscreen formulation for one day. These samples were analyzed for their content of the currently prominent UV filters octocrylene and avobenzone as well as 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylic acid (CDAA) as the main octocrylene metabolite by using different liquid chromatography electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometric procedures. RESULTS: Following dermal sunscreen exposure, avobenzone, octocrylene and CDAA reached concentrations up to 11mug/L, 25mug/L and 1352mug/L in plasma. In urine detection rates of avobenzone and octocrylene were low while CDAA showed a high detection rate and reached up to 5207mug/g creatinine. Kinetic models could be fitted for octocrylene and CDAA in plasma and CDAA in urine. Concentration peaks were reached between 10 and 16h after first application and half-life periods were in the range of 1.5 to 2days. The lipophilic UV filter octocrylene and its metabolite CDAA showed a much slower elimination than other more hydrophilic UV filters. Concordantly, the metabolite CDAA in particular showed a markedly increased renal excretion over the whole sampling period and indicated high internal exposure to OC. DISCUSSION: Real-life sunscreen usage leads to considerable bioavailability of organic UV filters and their metabolites which is rarely seen for other environmental exposures. A combined monitoring of the parent compound and its metabolites is important to fully address internal exposure to the UV filter in humans. Considering the kinetic profiles a prolonged systemic release due to depot formation in skin and a potential accumulation through multi-day exposure is presumed. High in-vivo loads call for a critical toxicological assessment of the UV filters and their metabolites.
HUANGS, ZENGY J, WUJ F, SHIQ H, PANX H. Effect of crop residue retention on rice yield in China: A meta-analysis Field Crops Research, 2013,154:188-194. [本文引用: 2]
LIH, ZHANGY Y, YANGS, WANGZ R, FENGX, LIUH Y, JIANGY. Variations in soil bacterial taxonomic profiles and putative functions in response to straw incorporation combined with N fertilization during the maize growing season Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2019,283:106578. [本文引用: 1]
TANY C, WUD, BOLR, WUW L, MENGF Q. Conservation farming practices in winter wheat-summer maize cropping reduce GHG emissions and maintain high yields Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2019,272:266-275. [本文引用: 1]
ZHOUK, WANGX J, LIH Z, XUX, GAOH S, JIAOX G. The effects of different nitrogen application levels on maize yield and the absorption and utilization of nitrogen under straw deep burial Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2019,35(33):6-11. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
DOSSOU-YOVOE R, BRUGGEMANNN, AMPOFOE, IGUEA M, JESSEN, HUATJ, AGBOSSOUE K. Combining no-tillage, rice straw mulch and nitrogen fertilizer application to increase the soil carbon balance of upland rice field in northern Benin Soil & Tillage Research, 2016,163:152-159. [本文引用: 1]
ZHAOS C, HEP, QIUS J, JIAL L, LIUM C, JINJ Y, JOGNSTONA M. Long-term effects of potassium fertilization and straw return on soil potassium levels and crop yields in north-central China Field Crops Research, 2014,169:116-122. DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2014.09.017URL [本文引用: 1]
GAIJ Y, LIUK, ZHAOJ M. A Review on Advances in Science and Technology in Chinese Seed Industry Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015,48(17):3303-3315. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
ZHENGL, WUW L, WEIY P, HUK L. Effects of straw return and regional factors on spatio-temporal variability of soil organic matter in a high-yielding area of northern China Soil & Tillage Research, 2015,145:78-86. [本文引用: 1]
ZHANGZ Q, QIANGH J, MCHUGHA D, HEJ, LIH W, WANGQ J, LUZ Y. Effect of conservation farming practices on soil organic matter and stratification in a mono-cropping system of Northern China Soil & Tillage Research, 2016,156:173-181. [本文引用: 1]
LIZ, YANGX, CUIS, YANGQ, YANGX L, LIJ C, SHENY Y. Developing sustainable cropping systems by integrating crop rotation with conservation tillage practices on the Loess Plateau, a long-term imperative Field Crops Research, 2018,222(4):164-179. DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2018.03.027URL [本文引用: 1]
XUX, PANGD W, CHENJ, LUOY L, ZHENGM J, YINY P, LIY X, LIY, WANGZ L. Straw return accompany with low nitrogen moderately promoted deep root Field Crops Research, 2018,221:71-80. DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2018.02.009URL [本文引用: 1]
GAOF, LIB, RENB Z, ZHAOB, LIUP, ZHANGJ W. Effects of residue management strategies on greenhouse gases and yield under double cropping of winter wheat and summer maize Science of the Total Environment, 2019,687:1138-1146. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.146URL [本文引用: 1]
WANGX J, JIAZ K, LIANGL Y, ZHAOY F, YANGB P, DINGR X, WANGJ P, NIEJ F. Changes in soil characteristics and maize yield under straw returning system in dryland farming Field Crops Research, 2018,218:11-17. DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2017.12.003URL [本文引用: 1]
HUANGJ Y, WUX Y, TONGY Y, CAOS, GAOY, YANGH Y. Effects of returning wheat straw on available cadmium and subcellular distribution of cadmium in rice Journal of Agro- Environment Science, 2020,39(7):1503-1511. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
DUANG L, WANGF, CENK, WANGB X, CHENGW D, LIUY C, ZHANGH M. Effects of straw incorporation on cadmium accumulation and subcellular distribution in rice Environmental Science, 2017,38(9):3927-3936. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
HUM F, ZHAOZ Y, ZHANGK. Effect of annual straw returning amount on growth and yield of double cropping rice in south China Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020,36(4):1-6. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
,, 骆永丽, 陈金, 金敏, 王振林, 李勇
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